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Li C, Jenkins S, Huber HF, Nathanielsz PW. Effect of maternal baboon (Papio sp.) dietary mismatch in pregnancy and lactation on post-natal offspring early life phenotype. J Med Primatol 2019; 48:226-235. [PMID: 31025367 PMCID: PMC6610582 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-human primate models of developmental programing by maternal mismatch between pregnancy and lactation diets are needed for translation to human programing outcomes. We present baboon offspring morphometry from birth to 3 years, and blood cortisol and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) from 2 to 24 months. METHODS Control mothers ate chow; mismatch mothers ate 30% less than controls during pregnancy and high-fat high-energy diet through lactation. RESULTS Mismatch mothers lost weight during pregnancy. At birth, there were trends toward lower weight in mismatch offspring of both sexes (P = 0.06). From 0-3 years, catch-up growth occurred. Mismatch offspring male and female body weight increased faster than controls (P < 0.001). Mismatch female offspring showed greater increase in BMI (P < 0.001) and abdominal circumference (P = 0.008) vs controls. ACTH and cortisol slopes from 2 to 24 months of age were similar between groups in both sexes. Cortisol and ACTH increased after weaning in all groups. CONCLUSIONS Mismatch produces sexually dimorphic post-natal growth phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Li
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Susan Jenkins
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Hillary F. Huber
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Li C, Jenkins S, Mattern V, Comuzzie AG, Cox LA, Huber HF, Nathanielsz PW. Effect of moderate, 30 percent global maternal nutrient reduction on fetal and postnatal baboon phenotype. J Med Primatol 2017; 46:293-303. [PMID: 28744866 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most developmental programming studies on maternal nutrient reduction (MNR) are in altricial rodents whose maternal nutritional burden and offspring developmental trajectory differ from precocial non-human primates and humans. METHODS Control (CTR) baboon mothers ate ad libitum; MNR mothers ate 70% global control diet in pregnancy and lactation. RESULTS We present offspring morphometry, blood cortisol, and adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) during second half of gestation (G) and first three postnatal years. Moderate MNR produced intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). IUGR males (n=43) and females (n=28) were smaller than CTR males (n=50) and females (n=47) in many measurements at many ages. In CTR, fetal ACTH increased 228% and cortisol 48% between 0.65G and 0.9G. IUGR ACTH was elevated at 0.65G and cortisol at 0.9G. 0.9G maternal gestational weight gain, fetal weight, and placenta weight were correlated. CONCLUSIONS Moderate IUGR decreased body weight and morphometric measurements at key time points and altered hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cun Li
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Susan Jenkins
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Vicki Mattern
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Laura A Cox
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hillary F Huber
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Texas Pregnancy and Life-course Health Center, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA.,Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Muralimanoharan S, Li C, Nakayasu ES, Casey CP, Metz TO, Nathanielsz PW, Maloyan A. Sexual dimorphism in the fetal cardiac response to maternal nutrient restriction. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2017. [PMID: 28641979 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Poor maternal nutrition causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR); however, its effects on fetal cardiac development are unclear. We have developed a baboon model of moderate maternal undernutrition, leading to IUGR. We hypothesized that the IUGR affects fetal cardiac structure and metabolism. Six control pregnant baboons ate ad-libitum (CTRL)) or 70% CTRL from 0.16 of gestation (G). Fetuses were euthanized at C-section at 0.9G under general anesthesia. Male but not female IUGR fetuses showed left ventricular fibrosis inversely correlated with birth weight. Expression of extracellular matrix protein TSP-1 was increased (p<0.05) in male IUGR. Expression of cardiac fibrotic markers TGFβ, SMAD3 and ALK-1 were downregulated in male IUGRs with no difference in females. Autophagy was present in male IUGR evidenced by upregulation of ATG7 expression and lipidation LC3B. Global miRNA expression profiling revealed 56 annotated and novel cardiac miRNAs exclusively dysregulated in female IUGR, and 38 cardiac miRNAs were exclusively dysregulated in males (p<0.05). Fifteen (CTRL) and 23 (IUGR) miRNAs, were differentially expressed between males and females (p<0.05) suggesting sexual dimorphism, which can be at least partially explained by differential expression of upstream transcription factors (e.g. HNF4α, and NFκB p50). Lipidomics analysis of fetal cardiac tissue exhibited a net increase in diacylglycerol and plasmalogens and a decrease in triglycerides and phosphatidylcholines. In summary, IUGR resulting from decreased maternal nutrition is associated with sex-dependent dysregulations in cardiac structure, miRNA expression, and lipid metabolism. If these changes persist postnatally, they may program offspring for higher later life cardiac risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sribalasubashini Muralimanoharan
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390-9038, USA
| | - Cun Li
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
| | - Ernesto S Nakayasu
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Cameron P Casey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, USA
| | - Alina Maloyan
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
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4
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Franke K, Clarke GD, Dahnke R, Gaser C, Kuo AH, Li C, Schwab M, Nathanielsz PW. Premature Brain Aging in Baboons Resulting from Moderate Fetal Undernutrition. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:92. [PMID: 28443017 PMCID: PMC5386978 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrary to the known benefits from a moderate dietary reduction during adulthood on life span and health, maternal nutrient reduction during pregnancy is supposed to affect the developing brain, probably resulting in impaired brain structure and function throughout life. Decreased fetal nutrition delivery is widespread in both developing and developed countries, caused by poverty and natural disasters, but also due to maternal dieting, teenage pregnancy, pregnancy in women over 35 years of age, placental insufficiency, or multiples. Compromised development of fetal cerebral structures was already shown in our baboon model of moderate maternal nutrient reduction. The present study was designed to follow-up and evaluate the effects of moderate maternal nutrient reduction on individual brain aging in the baboon during young adulthood (4–7 years; human equivalent 14–24 years), applying a novel, non-invasive neuroimaging aging biomarker. The study reveals premature brain aging of +2.7 years (p < 0.01) in the female baboon exposed to fetal undernutrition. The effects of moderate maternal nutrient reduction on individual brain aging occurred in the absence of fetal growth restriction or marked maternal weight reduction at birth, which stresses the significance of early nutritional conditions in life-long developmental programming. This non-invasive MRI biomarker allows further longitudinal in vivo tracking of individual brain aging trajectories to assess the life-long effects of developmental and environmental influences in programming paradigms, aiding preventive and curative treatments on cerebral atrophy in experimental animal models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Franke
- Structural Brain Mapping Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital JenaJena, Germany
| | - Geoffrey D Clarke
- Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Robert Dahnke
- Structural Brain Mapping Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital JenaJena, Germany
| | - Christian Gaser
- Structural Brain Mapping Group, Department of Neurology, University Hospital JenaJena, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital JenaJena, Germany
| | - Anderson H Kuo
- Radiology, University of Texas Health Science Center San AntonioSan Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Cun Li
- Texas Pregnancy and Life Course Health Research Center, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research InstituteSan Antonio, TX, USA.,Animal Science, University of WyomingLaramie, WY, USA
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital JenaJena, Germany
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Texas Pregnancy and Life Course Health Research Center, Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research InstituteSan Antonio, TX, USA.,Animal Science, University of WyomingLaramie, WY, USA
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Dearden L, Ozanne SE. Early life origins of metabolic disease: Developmental programming of hypothalamic pathways controlling energy homeostasis. Front Neuroendocrinol 2015; 39:3-16. [PMID: 26296796 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2015.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A wealth of animal and human studies demonstrate that perinatal exposure to adverse metabolic conditions - be it maternal obesity, diabetes or under-nutrition - results in predisposition of offspring to develop obesity later in life. This mechanism is a contributing factor to the exponential rise in obesity rates. Increased weight gain in offspring exposed to maternal obesity is usually associated with hyperphagia, implicating altered central regulation of energy homeostasis as an underlying cause. Perinatal development of the hypothalamus (a brain region key to metabolic regulation) is plastic and sensitive to metabolic signals during this critical time window. Recent research in non-human primate and rodent models has demonstrated that exposure to adverse maternal environments impairs the development of hypothalamic structure and consequently function, potentially underpinning metabolic phenotypes in later life. This review summarizes our current knowledge of how adverse perinatal environments program hypothalamic development and explores the mechanisms that could mediate these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dearden
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Box 289, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom.
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