1
|
Wu Y, Lei Z, Liu R, Wang C. The oscillations of non-spherical bubbles in liquid. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2025; 114:107262. [PMID: 39952166 PMCID: PMC12013123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2024] [Revised: 01/24/2025] [Accepted: 02/07/2025] [Indexed: 02/17/2025]
Abstract
In this paper, the interaction between non-spherical bubbles is studied using a high-speed camera, and the effects of the interaction on the temperature within the bubble and the velocity of the surrounding fluid are theoretically investigated. It is found that the mean radius and the mean wall velocity of the middle bubble in three-bubble system are slightly greater than those in two-bubble system when the initial parameters are consistent. The acoustic response of the middle bubble presented a leftward shift of resonance peak and an increase of resonance peaks with increasing sound pressure. Two patterns of interactions were found in the three-bubble system: steady oscillations with slight non-spherical shape deformation, and a strong coupled state that tends to coalesce. In both patterns, the largest bubble should impose more constraints on the middle bubble, and the middle bubble was observed to be ejected towards the largest. The interacting pattern of bubbles depends on many factors, such as bubble spacing, initial radii of bubbles, acoustic frequency and intensity, which also affect the shape deformation of bubbles. Non-spherical shape deformation decreases the internal gas temperature and disturbs the flow field distribution, all of which are close to cavitation activities. Predictions of the three-bubble model are in good agreement with experimental observations, and can be used to explain bubble behaviors in chained multi-bubble systems in inertial cavitation field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaorong Wu
- Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi China 710119
| | - Zhaokang Lei
- Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi China 710119
| | - Rui Liu
- Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi China 710119
| | - Chenghui Wang
- Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Shaanxi China 710119.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang L, Chen W. Theoretical study on the movements of bubbles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 110:107050. [PMID: 39226659 PMCID: PMC11403521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The radial and translational motions of multiple interacting spherical bubbles are obtained using classical Newton mechanics. It is seen that bubbles not only move in straight line, but also in circular motion. The tracks of the bubbles show that the interactions among them include attractive, repulsive and dynamic equilibrium. There are three types of straight line corresponding to attraction, coexistence of attraction and repulsion and dynamic equilibrium, and two types of circular movement corresponding to attraction and dynamic equilibrium. The results can provide an explanation for cavitation chain and profile in cavitation field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215506, China
| | - Weizhong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu J, Wang X, Liang J, Qiao Y. Refined secondary Bjerknes force equation for double bubbles with pulsation, translation, and deformation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2024; 102:106756. [PMID: 38219548 PMCID: PMC10826304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
The secondary Bjerknes force (SBF) is the time-averaged interaction between two bubbles driven in a sound field. We derived a refined formula for the interaction force, incorporating the radial vibration and translational and deformational motions of the bubble. The coupling of pulsation, translation, and deformation enhances the interaction between bubbles but also weakens their stability, making it easier for bubbles to merge or break during motion. The effects of the coupling mode on the magnitude and direction of SBFs coupled with pulsation, translation, and deformation were numerically analyzed and studied. Under certain sound-field conditions, the SBF increased with increasing pressure amplitude, initial radius, and initial velocity, while decreased as the distance increased. In addition, the SBF irregularly increased with increasing frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juanxiu Liu
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xueping Wang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jinfu Liang
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yupei Qiao
- School of Physics and Electronic Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550025, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Chen D, Wu P. Multi-bubble scattering acoustic fields in viscoelastic tissues under dual-frequency ultrasound. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106585. [PMID: 37683413 PMCID: PMC10498095 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Bubbles are widely used in the medical field due to their strong acoustic scattering properties, and the interaction between bubbles affects the scattering acoustic field caused by the bubble cluster. In this study, the dynamic equations of bubbles oscillating in viscoelastic tissues are solved numerically. The effect of bubble interaction on the scattered acoustic pressure under dual-frequency ultrasound is analyzed. In addition, the frequency spectra of the scattered acoustic waves due to the bubbles with and without considering the interaction are compared. The results show that the suppression or enlargement of the scattered sound pressure caused by the interaction between bubbles is related to the bubble radius and the incident frequency. Moreover, when the incident frequency is equal to the resonant frequency of the bubble with equilibrium radius R0, the effect of resonant bubbles is stronger than that of non-resonant bubbles. Meanwhile, for the multi-bubble system with a small bubble number density, the total response of the bubble cluster can be approximated as an algebraic sum of the dynamical behavior of individual bubbles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sea Deep Drilling and Exploration, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dehua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sea Deep Drilling and Exploration, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Pengfei Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Sea Deep Drilling and Exploration, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu Y, Chen W, Zhang L, Shen Y, Zhao G, Kou S. The left-right symmetrical and asymmetrical deformations in a three-bubble system. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 152:2446. [PMID: 36319251 DOI: 10.1121/10.0014905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper studies the simplest system that can possess left-right symmetrical and asymmetrical surroundings, three bubbles in a line. Assuming that the deformations are small, the surfaces of bubbles are described by a combination of the first three Legendre polynomials, that is, spherical symmetrical mode P0, L-R antisymmetrical mode P1, and symmetrical mode P2. A dynamical model is built to describe aspherical oscillations of central and two side bubbles. It is found that when three identical bubbles are separated uniformly, the central bubble only has a P2 component and P1 component tends to zero, while two side bubbles have both P1 and P2 components. When three identical bubbles are separated by different distances, they can be degenerated into a two-bubble system and a free bubble. The bubble deformations contain both P1 and P2 components in the two-bubble system, while both aspherical components P1 and P2 of the free bubble tend to zero. If side bubbles are different in ambient radii but located symmetrically on the left and right of the central bubble, the side bubble pulsated more strongly plays an important role on the deformation of the central one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaorong Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Weizhong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yang Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Guoying Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shaoyang Kou
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, Ministry of Education, Institution of Acoustics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|