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Miguet M, Pereira B, Beaulieu K, Finlayson G, Matłosz P, Cardenoux C, Boirie Y, Duclos M, Thivel D, Metz L. Effects of aquatic exercise on appetitive responses in adolescents with obesity: An exploratory study. Appetite 2023; 185:106540. [PMID: 36933834 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic exercise has been suggested as a beneficial modality to improve weight loss, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life in adolescents with obesity; however, its impact on appetite control in youth remains unknown. The aim of this preliminary study was to examine the effect of an acute aquatic exercise session on energy intake (EI), appetite feelings and food reward in adolescents with obesity. Twelve adolescents with obesity (12-16 years, Tanner stage 3-5, 9 males) randomly completed two conditions: i) control (CON); ii) aquatic exercise session (AQUA). One hour before lunch, the adolescents stayed at rest outside the water in a quiet room for 45 min on CON while they performed a 45-min aquatic exercise session on AQUA. Ad libitum EI and macronutrients were assessed at lunch and dinner, subjective appetite feelings taken at regular intervals, and food reward measured before and after lunch. Paired T-test showed that EI was not different between CON and AQUA at lunch (1333 ± 484 kcal vs 1409 ± 593 kcal; p = 0.162) and dinner (528 ± 218 kcal vs 513 ± 204 kcal; p = 0.206). Total daily ad libitum EI was significantly higher on AQUA (1922 ± 649 kcal) compared with CON (1861 ± 685 kcal; p = 0.044) but accounting for the exercise-induced energy expenditure, relative energy intake did not differ (2263 ± 732 kcal vs 2117 ± 744 kcal, p = 0.304). None of the appetite feelings (hunger, fullness, prospective food consumption and desire to eat) and food reward dimensions were significantly different between conditions. These preliminary and exploratory results suggest that an acute aquatic-exercise session might not induce energy compensatory responses in adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miguet
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Surgical Sciences, Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B Pereira
- Unit of Biostatistics (DRCI), Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - K Beaulieu
- Appetite Control & Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - G Finlayson
- Appetite Control & Energy Balance Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - P Matłosz
- Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, Medical College, University of Rzeszów, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - C Cardenoux
- Youth Medical Center, Romagnat, 63540, France
| | - Y Boirie
- Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Human Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Duclos
- Diet and Musculoskeletal Health Team, CRNH, INRA, University of Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Human Nutrition, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, G. Montpied Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Department of Sport Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Teaching Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Thivel
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Metz
- Clermont Auvergne University, EA 3533, Laboratory of the Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions (AME2P), CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Grigg MJ, Thake CD, Allgrove JE, King JA, Thackray AE, Stensel DJ, Owen A, Broom DR. Influence of water-based exercise on energy intake, appetite, and appetite-related hormones in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appetite 2023; 180:106375. [PMID: 36375602 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Single bouts of land-based exercise suppress appetite and do not typically alter energy intake in the short-term, whereas it has been suggested that water-based exercise may evoke orexigenic effects. The primary aim was to systematically review the available literature investigating the influence of water-based exercise on energy intake in adults (PROSPERO ID number CRD42022314349). PubMed, Medline, Sport-Discus, Academic Search Complete, CINAHL and Public Health Database were searched for peer-reviewed articles published in English from 1900 to May 2022. Included studies implemented a water-based exercise intervention versus a control or comparator. Risk of bias was assessed using the revised Cochrane 'Risk of bias tool for randomised trials' (RoB 2.0). We identified eight acute (same day) exercise studies which met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed using a fixed effects generic inverse variance method on energy intake (8 studies (water versus control), 5 studies (water versus land) and 2 studies (water at two different temperatures)). Appetite and appetite-related hormones are also examined but high heterogeneity did not allow a meta-analysis of these outcome measures. We identified one chronic exercise training study which met the inclusion criteria with findings discussed narratively. Meta-analysis revealed that a single bout of exercise in water increased ad-libitum energy intake compared to a non-exercise control (mean difference [95% CI]: 330 [118, 542] kJ, P = 0.002). No difference in ad libitum energy intake was identified between water and land-based exercise (78 [-176, 334] kJ, P = 0.55). Exercising in cold water (18-20 °C) increased energy intake to a greater extent than neutral water (27-33 °C) temperature (719 [222, 1215] kJ; P < 0.005). The one eligible 12-week study did not assess whether water-based exercise influenced energy intake but did find that cycling and swimming did not alter fasting plasma concentrations of total ghrelin, insulin, leptin or total PYY but contributed to body mass loss 87.3 (5.2) to 85.9 (5.0) kg and 88.9 (4.9) to 86.4 (4.5) kg (P < 0.05) respectively. To conclude, if body mass management is a person's primary focus, they should be mindful of the tendency to eat more in the hours after a water-based exercise session, particularly when the water temperature is cold (18-20 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie J Grigg
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, CV1 2DS, United Kingdom.
| | - C Douglas Thake
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, CV1 2DS, United Kingdom.
| | - Judith E Allgrove
- Applied and Human Science Department, Kingston University, London, KT1 2EE, United Kingdom.
| | - James A King
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, National Health Service (NHS) Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | - Alice E Thackray
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, National Health Service (NHS) Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | - David J Stensel
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, United Kingdom; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester, National Health Service (NHS) Trust and the University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Waseda University, Faculty of Sport Sciences, 2-579-15 Mikajima, Tokorozawa, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
| | - Alun Owen
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, CV1 2DS, United Kingdom.
| | - David R Broom
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, CV1 2DS, United Kingdom.
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Bailly M, Fillon A, Bonjean L, Lucas D, Kabani C, Chipon S, Pereira B, Duclos M, Verney J, Thivel D. Aqua Walking as an Appropriate and Healthy Winter and Summer Physical Practice? An Exploratory Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071258. [PMID: 35885785 PMCID: PMC9316568 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Aqua-walking in a natural environment is a health promoting physical activity that is gaining popularity and appropriate for a variety of populations, however, to date, there is little scientific evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of this activity for older adults. The objective was to propose a preliminary exploration of psychometric and metabolic responses to an acute Aqua walking session either during winter or summer in older adults Aqua walking exercisers. (2) Methods: Heart rate, body temperature, glycemia, and blood pressure were monitored in 37 (30 women, 7 men) participants aged 52 to 83 years old in two Aqua walking sessions (water at 13 °C and 18.5 °C, respectively). Anthropometry (body weight, waist, and hip circumferences), body composition, physical activity level, sedentary time, sleep quality, quality of life, physical self-perception, and perceived health and feelings on various parameters were also assessed. (3) Results: Present results revealed a greater quality of life, physical self-perception, and perceived health in aging Aqua walking exercisers compared to those found in the literature in younger populations. None of the metabolic or psychometric measurements were found to be different between classically calibrated Aqua walking sessions performed in winter compared to summer. By contrast, there was a time effect during the sessions for body temperature (p < 0.001), SBP (p = 0.17), perceived mental and physical well-being (p = 0.006 and p < 0.001, respectively), and anxiety (p < 0.001). Leg discomfort also showed a time effect (p = 0.0009) and interaction effect (p = 0.025). (4) Conclusion: Aqua walking appears here to be an accessible practice that can be performed all year long with a range of physical and mental benefits for older adults. Future studies should investigate the metabolic responses of Aqua walking in different populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Bailly
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Clermont Auvergne University, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.F.); (L.B.); (J.V.); (D.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alicia Fillon
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Clermont Auvergne University, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.F.); (L.B.); (J.V.); (D.T.)
- Observatoire National de l’Activité Physique et de la Sédentarité (ONAPS), Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Line Bonjean
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Clermont Auvergne University, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.F.); (L.B.); (J.V.); (D.T.)
| | - Dominique Lucas
- Fédération Française de la Randonnée Pédestre, 75013 Paris, France; (D.L.); (C.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Catherine Kabani
- Fédération Française de la Randonnée Pédestre, 75013 Paris, France; (D.L.); (C.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Sophie Chipon
- Fédération Française de la Randonnée Pédestre, 75013 Paris, France; (D.L.); (C.K.); (S.C.)
- Alison Wave Aqua-Walking Club, 06210 Mandelieu-la-Napoule, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Délégation à la Recherche Clinique et à l’Innovation (DRCI), 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Martine Duclos
- Observatoire National de l’Activité Physique et de la Sédentarité (ONAPS), Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Service de Médecine du Sport et des Explorations Fonctionnelles, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Julien Verney
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Clermont Auvergne University, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.F.); (L.B.); (J.V.); (D.T.)
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory of Metabolic Adaptations to Exercise under Physiological and Pathological Conditions, Clermont Auvergne University, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (A.F.); (L.B.); (J.V.); (D.T.)
- Observatoire National de l’Activité Physique et de la Sédentarité (ONAPS), Faculté de Médecine, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
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Millet J, Siracusa J, Tardo-Dino PE, Thivel D, Koulmann N, Malgoyre A, Charlot K. Effects of Acute Heat and Cold Exposures at Rest or during Exercise on Subsequent Energy Intake: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103424. [PMID: 34684424 PMCID: PMC8538265 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this meta-analysis was to assess the effect of acute heat/cold exposure on subsequent energy intake (EI) in adults. We searched the following sources for publications on this topic: PubMed, Ovid Medline, Science Direct and SPORTDiscus. The eligibility criteria for study selection were: randomized controlled trials performed in adults (169 men and 30 women; 20–52 years old) comparing EI at one or more meals taken ad libitum, during and/or after exposure to heat/cold and thermoneutral conditions. One of several exercise sessions could be realized before or during thermal exposures. Two of the thirteen studies included examined the effect of heat (one during exercise and one during exercise and at rest), eight investigated the effect of cold (six during exercise and two at rest), and three the effect of both heat and cold (two during exercise and one at rest). The meta-analysis revealed a small increase in EI in cold conditions (g = 0.44; p = 0.019) and a small decrease in hot conditions (g = −0.39, p = 0.022) for exposure during both rest and exercise. Exposures to heat and cold altered EI in opposite ways, with heat decreasing EI and cold increasing it. The effect of exercise remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Millet
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, 91223 Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France; (J.M.); (J.S.); (P.-E.T.-D.); (N.K.); (A.M.)
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025 Evry, France
| | - Julien Siracusa
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, 91223 Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France; (J.M.); (J.S.); (P.-E.T.-D.); (N.K.); (A.M.)
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025 Evry, France
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Tardo-Dino
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, 91223 Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France; (J.M.); (J.S.); (P.-E.T.-D.); (N.K.); (A.M.)
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025 Evry, France
| | - David Thivel
- Laboratory AME2P, University of Clermont Auvergne, 63170 Aubière, France;
| | - Nathalie Koulmann
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, 91223 Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France; (J.M.); (J.S.); (P.-E.T.-D.); (N.K.); (A.M.)
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025 Evry, France
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, 1, Place Alphonse Laveran, 75230 Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Malgoyre
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, 91223 Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France; (J.M.); (J.S.); (P.-E.T.-D.); (N.K.); (A.M.)
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025 Evry, France
| | - Keyne Charlot
- Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Unité de Physiologie des Exercices et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, 91223 Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France; (J.M.); (J.S.); (P.-E.T.-D.); (N.K.); (A.M.)
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025 Evry, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(1)78-65-13-03
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