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Martínez-Aranda LM, García-Esteban S, Sanz-Matesanz M, Raya-González J. Ligament Injuries in Professional Male Handball Players: A 6-Year Longitudinal Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:201. [PMID: 38255088 PMCID: PMC10815351 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Handball is a sport that involves high-intensity actions throughout the game, such as sprints, jumps, landings, and high-speed, repeated throws. This, along with competitive and tactical factors, congested schedules, and the need to maintain a high level of performance throughout the season, contributes to a high injury rate. This study aimed to analyse ligament injuries in a professional handball team over six consecutive seasons. A total of 68 elite male Spanish handball players participated, with 54 time-loss injuries (i.e., injuries involving at least one day of absence) observed during this study period. Ligament injury information was recorded following the International Olympic Committee consensus statement. The overall incidence was 0.89 ligament injuries per 1000 h of exposure. Additionally, a higher incidence and burden of ligament injuries was observed during match-play compared to training. Most ligament injuries were classified as minor or moderate (i.e., 79.63% of the total), and 46.29% were reinjuries. A significantly higher incidence of ligament injuries was suffered in the lower limbs compared to the upper limbs (0.81 vs. 0.08 ligament injuries per 1000 h; p < 0.001). Specifically, the highest incidence was observed in the anterior talofibular ligament of the ankle (0.57 injuries per 1000 h of exposure), while the greatest burden was related to the anterior cruciate ligament (24.08 absence days per 1000 h of exposure). This study provides an overview of ligament injuries among professional handball players, highlighting the need to implement strategies with positive effects during competition (e.g., specific activation strategies or training programmes based on strength and balance) and to reduce injury recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Manuel Martínez-Aranda
- Physical and Sports Performance Research Centre, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
- SEJ-680: Science-Based Training (SBT) Research Group, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Sergio García-Esteban
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University Isabel I, 09003 Burgos, Spain;
- Club Balonmano Villa de Aranda, Medical Department, 09400 Burgos, Spain
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Bassek M, Raabe D, Banning A, Memmert D, Rein R. Analysis of contextualized intensity in Men's elite handball using graph-based deep learning. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:1299-1308. [PMID: 37850373 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2268366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Manual annotation of data in invasion games is a costly task which poses a natural limit on sample sizes and the level of granularity used in match and performance analyses. To overcome this challenge, this work introduces FAUPA-ML, a Framework for Automatic Upscaled Performance Analysis with Machine Learning, which leverages graph neural networks to scale domain-specific expert knowledge to large data sets. Networks were trained using position data of match phases (counter/position attacks), annotated manually by domain experts in 10 matches. The best network was applied to contextualize N = 539 matches of elite handball (2019/20-2021/22 German Men's Handball Bundesliga) with 86% balanced accuracy. Distance covered, speed, metabolic power, and metabolic work were calculated for attackers and defenders and differences between counters and position attacks across seasons analyzed with an ANOVA. Results showed that counter attacks are shorter, less frequent and more intense than position attacks and that attacking is more intense than defending. Findings show that FAUPA-ML generates accurate replications of expert knowledge that can be used to gain insights in performance analysis previously deemed infeasible. Future studies can use FAUPA-ML for large-scale, contextualized analyses that investigate influences of team strength, score-line, or team tactics on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bassek
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dominik Raabe
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Banning
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Memmert
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Rein
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Lefèvre T, Guignard B, Karcher C, Reche X, Font R, Komar J. A deep dive into the use of local positioning system in professional handball: Automatic detection of players' orientation, position and game phases to analyse specific physical demands. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289752. [PMID: 37585452 PMCID: PMC10431627 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study is to automate and analyse the quantification of external load during an elite men's handball match. This study was carried out using data from a local positioning system and inertial measurement units. The literature review leads us to assume that physical demands are different depending on position, player specialty and phases of the game. In order to do this analysis, raw data was used from professional competitors of a Spanish club during National and European competition matches. First, a game phase algorithm was designed to automate phase recognition. Then, a descriptive evaluation of the means and standard deviation was performed with the following variables: total distance, total time, total Accel'Rate, the percentages of distance and time per speed and displacement direction. A Kruskal Wallis test was applied to normalized distance and normalized Accel'Rate. Defensive play showed the highest values on covered distance (930.6 ± 395.0 m). However, normalized distance showed significant differences (p<0.05) across all phases with defensive play (558.8 ± 53.9 m/10min) lower than offensive play (870.3 ± 145.7 m/10min), offensive transition (1671.3 ± 242.0 m/10min) or defensive transition (1604.5 ± 242.0 m/10min). Regarding position, wing players covered the most distance (2925.8 ± 998.8 m) at the second highest intensity (911.4 ± 63.3 m/10min) after offensive back players (1105.0 ± 84.9 m/10min). Significant difference in normalized requirements were found between each playing position: goalkeepers, wings, versatile backs, versatile line players, offensive backs and defensive backs (p<0.05), so a separation between offensive or defensive specialists is plausible and necessary. In conclusion, as physical demands differ for each game phase, activity profile among players is modulated by their playing position and their specialty (offense, defense or none). This study may help to create individual training programs according to precise on-court demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lefèvre
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, CETAPS UR 3832, Rouen, France
| | - Brice Guignard
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, CETAPS UR 3832, Rouen, France
| | - Claude Karcher
- Faculty of Medicine, Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscular Protection Laboratory (EA 3072), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, European Centre for Education, Research and Innovation in Exercise Physiology (CEERIPE), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Centre de Ressources, d’Expertises et de Performances Sportives, CREPS de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xavier Reche
- Barça Innovation Hub, FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Font
- Barça Innovation Hub, FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Research Group in Tecnologia Aplicada a l’Alt Rendiment i la Salut (TAARS), Tecnocampus, Department of Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Mataró, Spain
- GRCE Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - John Komar
- Physical Education and Sports Sciences, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Venzke J, Schäfer R, Niederer D, Manchado C, Platen P. Metabolic power in the men's European handball championship 2020. J Sports Sci 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37315083 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2223413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To ascertain the typical metabolic power characteristics of elite handball players of different positions, and whether changes occur within matches. METHODS 414 elite male handball players were included. During all 65 matches of the EURO 2020, local positioning system data were collected, yielding 1853 datasets. Field players were categorised into six positional groups: centre backs (CB), left/right wings (LW/RW), left/right backs (LB/RB) and pivots (P). Metabolic power, total energy expenditure, high-power energy, and the equivalent distance index were calculated. We used linear mixed models with players as random and positions as fixed effects models. Intensity models adjusted for time-dependency by incorporating the duration of play. RESULTS LW/RW spent most time on the court, expanded most total energy, and most relative energy per kg body weight in the high-intensity categories. CB played at the highest mean metabolic power (7.85 W/kg; CI95% [7.67, 8.03]). Playing intensity decreased by 2.5% (0.2 kJ/kg/s; CI95% [0.17, 0.23]) per 10 min played. CONCLUSION Positional differences in metabolic power parameters exist. In general, wing players had the highest volume and CB the highest intensity of match-play. Analysis of metabolic intensity in handball should take position and players' time on the court into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Venzke
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Robin Schäfer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Niederer
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carmen Manchado
- Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- European Handball Federation, Methods Commission, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Platen
- Department of Sports Medicine and Sports Nutrition, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Bassek M, Raabe D, Memmert D, Rein R. Analysis of Motion Characteristics and Metabolic Power in Elite Male Handball Players. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:310-316. [PMID: 37293423 PMCID: PMC10244993 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
While handball is characterized by repeated sprints and changes of direction, traditional player load models do not consider accelerations and decelerations. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences between metabolic power and speed zones for player load assessment with regard to the player role. Position data from 330 male individuals during 77 games from the 2019/20 German Men's Handball-Bundesliga (HBL) were analyzed, resulting in 2233 individual observations. Players were categorized into wings, backs and pivots. Distance covered in different speed zones, metabolic power, metabolic work, equivalent distance (metabolic work divided by energy cost of running), time spend running, energy spend running, and time over 10 and 20 W were calculated. A 2-by-3 mixed ANOVA was calculated to investigate differences and interactions between groups and player load models. Results showed that total distance was longest in wings (3568 ± 1459 m in 42 ± 17 min), followed by backs (2462 ± 1145 m in 29 ± 14 min), and pivots (2445 ± 1052 m in 30 ± 13 min). Equivalent distance was greatest in wings (4072.50 ± 1644.83 m), followed by backs (2765.23 ± 1252.44 m), and pivots (2697.98 ± 1153.16 m). Distance covered and equivalent distance showed moderate to large interaction effects between wings and backs (p < .01, ES = 0.73) and between wings and pivots (p < .01, ES = 0.86) and a small interaction effect between backs and pivots (p < .01, ES = 0.22). The results underline the need for individualized management of training loads and the potential of using information about locomotive accelerations and decelerations to obtain more precise descriptions of player load during handball game performance at the highest level of competition. Future studies should investigate the influence of physical performance on smaller match sequences, like ball possession phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Bassek
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dominik Raabe
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniel Memmert
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Robert Rein
- Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
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Saal C, Baumgart C, Wegener F, Ackermann N, Sölter F, Hoppe MW. Physical match demands of four LIQUI-MOLY Handball-Bundesliga teams from 2019-2022: effects of season, team, match outcome, playing position, and halftime. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1183881. [PMID: 37293438 PMCID: PMC10246450 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1183881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Due to the development in team handball, there is a need to optimize the physical capacities of team handball players for which knowledge of the physical match demands is essential. The aim of this study was to investigate the physical match demands of four LIQUI-MOLY Handball-Bundesliga (HBL) teams across three seasons with respect to the effects of season, team, match outcome, playing position, and halftime. Methods A fixed installed local positioning system (Kinexon) was used, collecting 2D positional and 3D inertial measurement unit data at 20 and 100 Hz, respectively. The physical match demands were operationalized by basic (e.g., distance, speed, and acceleration) and more advanced variables (e.g., jumps, throws, impacts, acceleration load, and metabolic power). A total of 347 matches (213 with an additional ball tracking) were analyzed from four teams (one top, two middle, and one lower ranked) during three consecutive seasons (2019-2022). One-way ANOVAs were calculated to estimate differences between more than two groups (e.g., season, team, match outcome, playing position). Mean differences between halftimes were estimated using Yuen's test for paired samples. Results Large effects were detected for the season (0.6≤ξ^≤0.86), team (0.56≤ξ^≤0.72), and playing position (0.64≤ξ^≤0.98). Medium effects were found for match outcome (ξ^≤0.36) and halftime (ξ^≤0.47). Conclusion For the first time, we provide a comprehensive analysis of physical match demands in handball players competing in the LIQUI-MOLY Handball-Bundesliga. We found that physical match demands differ on that top-level with up to large effect sizes concerning the season, team, match outcome, playing position, and halftime. Our outcomes can help practitioners and researchers to develop team and player profiles as well as to optimize talent identification, training, regeneration, prevention, and rehabilitation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Saal
- Movement and Training Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Baumgart
- Department of Movement and Training Science, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Florian Wegener
- Movement and Training Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nele Ackermann
- Movement and Training Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Matthias W. Hoppe
- Movement and Training Science, Faculty of Sport Science, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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García-Sánchez C, Navarro RM, Karcher C, de la Rubia A. Physical Demands during Official Competitions in Elite Handball: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3353. [PMID: 36834047 PMCID: PMC9965087 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of physical demands during official competitions is essential to achieving the highest performance in handball. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the available scientific evidence associated with physical demands during official competitions in elite handball according to playing positions, competition level and gender. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, 17 studies were selected after a systematic search and selection process of three digital databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Sport Discus. The quality of the selected studies was evaluated using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist; the average score was 18.47 points. The sample consisted of 1175 handball players, of whom 1042 were men (88.68%) and 133 were women (11.32%). The results show that an elite handball player covered on average 3664.4 ± 1121.6 m during a match. The average running pace was 84.8 ± 17.2 m∙min-1. The total distance covered was largely greater in national competitions (4506.7 ± 647.9 m) compared with international competitions (2190.3 ± 1950.5 m) (effect size (ES) = 1.2); however, the running pace did not present any significant difference between the international or national level (ES = 0.06). In regard to gender, the total distance covered was moderately greater in female competitions (4549.1 ± 758.6 m) compared with male competitions (3332.6 ± 1257.7 m) (ES = 0.9), and the running pace was largely greater in female competitions (110.5 ± 7.2 m∙min-1) compared with male competitions (78.4 ± 19.7 m∙min-1) (ES = 1.6). In relation to playing position, backs and wings covered a moderately greater total distance (ES = 0.7 and 0.6) and slightly more meters per minute (ES = 0.4 and 0.2) than pivots. Moreover, the technical activity profile differed between playing positions. Backs performed moderately more throws than pivots and wings (ES = 1.2 and 0.9), pivots exhibited largely more body contact than backs and wings, and wings performed moderately more fast breaks (6.7 ± 3.0) than backs (2.2 ± 2.3) (ES = 1.8). Therefore, this research study provides practical applications for handball coaches and strength and conditioning professionals with respect to designing and implementing more individualised training programmes to maximise performance and reduce injury risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos García-Sánchez
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Manuel Navarro
- Department of Sports Sciences, European University of Madrid, 28670 Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain
| | - Claude Karcher
- Oxidative Stress and Muscular Protection Laboratory (EA 3072), Faculty of Medicine, Mitochondria, University of Strasbourg, 67081 Strasbourg, France
- European Centre for Education, Research and Innovation in Exercise Physiology (CEERIPE), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Centre de Ressources, d’Expertises et de Performances Sportives, CREPS de Strasbourg, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Alfonso de la Rubia
- Deporte y Entrenamiento Research Group, Departamento de Deportes, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, C/Martín Fierro 7, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Shei RJ, Holder IG, Oumsang AS, Paris BA, Paris HL. Wearable activity trackers-advanced technology or advanced marketing? Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:1975-1990. [PMID: 35445837 PMCID: PMC9022022 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Wearable devices represent one of the most popular trends in health and fitness. Rapid advances in wearable technology present a dizzying display of possible functions: from thermometers and barometers, magnetometers and accelerometers, to oximeters and calorimeters. Consumers and practitioners utilize wearable devices to track outcomes, such as energy expenditure, training load, step count, and heart rate. While some rely on these devices in tandem with more established tools, others lean on wearable technology for health-related outcomes, such as heart rhythm analysis, peripheral oxygen saturation, sleep quality, and caloric expenditure. Given the increasing popularity of wearable devices for both recreation and health initiatives, understanding the strengths and limitations of these technologies is increasingly relevant. Need exists for continued evaluation of the efficacy of wearable devices to accurately and reliably measure purported outcomes. The purposes of this review are (1) to assess the current state of wearable devices using recent research on validity and reliability, (2) to describe existing gaps between physiology and technology, and (3) to offer expert interpretation for the lay and professional audience on how best to approach wearable technology and employ it in the pursuit of health and fitness. Current literature demonstrates inconsistent validity and reliability for various metrics, with algorithms not publicly available or lacking high-quality validation studies. Advancements in wearable technology should consider standardizing validation metrics, providing transparency in used algorithms, and improving how technology can be tailored to individuals. Until then, it is prudent to exercise caution when interpreting metrics reported from consumer-wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jay Shei
- Indiana University Alumni Association, Indiana University, 1000 E 17th Street, Bloomington, IN, 47408, USA.
| | - Ian G Holder
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - Alicia S Oumsang
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - Brittni A Paris
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, USA
| | - Hunter L Paris
- Department of Sports Medicine, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA, USA
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The influence of recovery period following a pre-load stimulus on physical performance measures in handball players. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0249969. [PMID: 35358204 PMCID: PMC8970503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to establish the optimal recovery duration following a pre-load stimulus on performance measures related to handball players. Seventeen senior male University handball players (mean ± SD: age 23.6 ± 2.3 yrs., height 1.79 ± 0.06 m and body mass 72.5 ± 10.7 kg) performed three experimental sessions. All sessions consisted of a standardised warm-up followed by a pre-load stimulus (HSR) back squats followed by a passive rest for either 4-min (PAP4), 8-min (PAP8), or 12-min (PAP12). Following the completion of the passive recovery, players then performed a countermovement jump (CMJ), a 20-m linear sprint and a modified agility t-test. The significance level was set at P < 0.05. There was a significant main effect of passive rest duration after the pre-load stimulus. The PAP12 condition improved CMJ scores (2.3–2.6%; effect size = small), 20-m linear sprint times (3.3–3.7%; effect size = small to moderate) and agility times (1.6–1.9%; effect size = trivial) compared to PAP4 and PAP8 conditions (P < 0.0005). Values of heart rate and rating of perceived exertion were also significantly lower during the PAP12 condition compared to the PAP4 and PAP8 conditions (P < 0.0005). A positive Pearson correlation was established between agility and CMJ for all conditions (P < 0.001). The findings provide novel data observing that a pre-load stimulus, followed by 12-min of recovery, results in greater maximal jump, sprint and agility measures when compared with a 4-min or 8-min recovery in male handball players.
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Font R, Karcher C, Reche X, Carmona G, Tremps V, Irurtia A. Monitoring external load in elite male handball players depending on playing positions. Biol Sport 2021; 38:475-481. [PMID: 34475629 PMCID: PMC8329973 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2021.101123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring workload is critical for elite training and competition, as well as preventing potential sports injuries. The assessment of external load in team sports has been provided with new technologies that help coaches to individualize training and optimize their team's playing system. In this study we characterized the physical demands of an elite handball team during an entire sports season. Novel data are reported for each playing position of this highly strenuous body-contact team sport. Sixteen world top players (5 wings, 2 centre backs, 6 backs, 3 line players) were equipped with a local positioning system (WIMU PRO) during fourteen official Spanish first league matches. Playing time, total distance covered at different running speeds, and acceleration variables were monitored. During a handball match, wings cover the greater distance by high-speed running (> 5.0 m·s-1): 410.3 ± 193.2 m, and by sprint (> 6.7 m·s-1): 98.0 ± 75.4 m. Centre backs perform the following playing position that supports the highest speed intensities during the matches: high-speed running: 243.2 ± 130.2 m; sprint: 62.0 ± 54.2 m. Centre backs also register the largest number of high-intensity decelerations (n = 142.7 ± 59.5) compared to wings (n = 112.9 ± 56.0), backs (n = 105.2 ± 49.2) and line players: 99.6 ± 28.9). This study provides helpful information for professional coaches and their technical staff to optimize training load and individualize the physical demands of their elite male handball players depending on each playing position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Font
- Sport Performance Area FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- School of Health Sciences, Tecnocampus, Pompeu Fabra University, Mataró, Spain
| | - Claude Karcher
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Mitochondria, Oxidative Stress and Muscular Protection laboratory (EA 3072), Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Sport Sciences, European Centre for Education, Research and Innovation in Exercise Physiology (CEERIPE), Strasbourg, France
| | - Xavier Reche
- Sport Performance Area FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Carmona
- Sport Performance Area FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Health Sciences, Tecnocampus, Pompeu Fabra University, Mataró, Spain
| | - Victor Tremps
- Sport Performance Area FC Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Irurtia
- INEFC-Barcelona Sport Sciences Research Group, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan School of Kinanthropometry, National Institute of Physical Education of Catalonia (INEFC), University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Within-Match Performance Dynamics - Momentary Strength in Handball. J Hum Kinet 2021; 79:211-219. [PMID: 34401000 PMCID: PMC8336560 DOI: 10.2478/hukin-2021-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Handball is an Olympic team sport characterized by changes of ball possession, where teams either play on offense or defense. In this paper, we model momentary strength in handball as scoring probabilities based on a double moving average. In this cross-sectional observational study, the aim was to describe the dynamics of momentary strength in handball from both theoretical and practical perspectives. Momentary strength can be used to further characterize the nuances of the sport by identifying different phases in a match. The momentary strength model was applied to the 2019 International Handball Federation (IHF) Men's World Championship. Ninety-six games were analyzed. The results showed that momentary strength could be used to better understand the dynamic interaction process between two teams. The Spearman correlation between the teams' median momentary strength and their final ranks at the Championship was -0.830. Virtually each team faced phases in its matches with a momentary scoring probability lower than 0.10 and with 4 exceptions also higher than 0.90. Twelve out of the 24 teams showed phases with a momentary scoring probability of exactly 0 as well as exactly 1
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Time-Motion Analysis by Playing Positions of Male Handball Players during the European Championship 2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062787. [PMID: 33801814 PMCID: PMC8002104 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze time-motion characteristics of elite male handball players during the last European Championship 2020. A total of 414 players from 24 national teams were analyzed during 65 matches using a local positioning system (LPS) for the first time in a European Championship. Players (n = 1865) covered significantly (p < 0.001; ES = 0.48) more total distance in offense (1217.48 ± 699.33 m) and in all locomotion categories (p < 0.001) than in defense (900.96 ± 538.95 m), with a similar average total time on court (13.40 ± 8.19 min in offense and 13.27 ± 8.59 min; p > 0.05). The running pace was significantly higher in offense 96.53 ± 22.57 m/min than in defense 82.72 ± 43.28 m/min (p < 0.001; ES = 0.47). By playing positions, the Left Wing players covered significantly (p < 0.001) higher distances (2547.14 ± 1309.52) and showed longer playing time (32.08 ± 17.01). Center Back was the playing position that showed the highest global running pace (98.34 m/min). Players with higher running pace in offense (p < 0.001) were Left Backs (105.95 ± 25.20) and the Center Backs in defense (95.76 ± 48.90). There were no significant differences between winners and losers or between top ranked and lower ranked teams in terms of time played, distance covered, and running pace. Specific physical conditioning is necessary to maximize performance and minimize fatigue when performing in long tournaments.
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13
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Gabrys T, Stanula A, Gupta S, Szmatlan-Gabrys U, Benešová D, Wicha Ł, Baron J. A Comparative Study on the Performance Profile of Under-17 and Under-19 Handball Players Trained in the Sports School System. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17217979. [PMID: 33143006 PMCID: PMC7662379 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates the anatomical profiles, jump, sprint, power outputs, endurance, and peak blood lactate levels ([LA]peak) of handball players of two age groups—U17 (n = 77) and U19 (n = 46)—and analyses the role of training in their physical abilities. Vertical jump performance was determined by counter movement jump (CMJ) and counter movement jump with free arms (CMJFA) tests. A running-based anaerobic sprint test (RAST) determined the relative power output (watts/kg body weight) and absolute power output (watts) of the players. Sprint performance over 5 m, 10 m, and 30 m distances was evaluated. An incremental shuttle run test (40 m) was designed to determine aerobic threshold (AeT), anaerobic threshold (AnT), and [LA]peak. All parameters were measured for pivots, wingers, backs, and goalkeepers of each group. The U19 players were significantly heavier than the U17 group, but both the groups were nearly equal in height. The U19 group jumped higher than the U17 members, although the only significant difference (p = 0.032) was observed between the wingers of the groups in CMJ. Sprint performance varied marginally between the groups and only U19 pivots were found to be significantly (for distances of 5, 10, and 30 m: p = 0.047, p = 0.018, and p = 0.021, respectively) faster than U17 pivots. No difference in relative power output between the groups was noted, although the U19 players recorded higher absolute power outputs. Maximal velocity and velocities at the AeT and AnT were almost similar in the groups. Distance covered by the groups at the intensities of AeT and AnT varied only little. Higher [LA]peak was observed in the U19 players. U19 players failed to convert their superior power into speed and jump. The training pattern of the handball players needs to be revised so that U19 players may develop faster and be more enduring than the U17 group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gabrys
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Pedagogy, University of West Bohemia, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.G.); (D.B.)
| | - Arkadiusz Stanula
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48 207-53-33
| | - Subir Gupta
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of West Indies, 11000 Cave Hill, Barbados;
| | - Urszula Szmatlan-Gabrys
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, Department of Anatomy, University of Physical Education, 31-571 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Daniela Benešová
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Faculty of Pedagogy, University of West Bohemia, 301 00 Pilsen, Czech Republic; (T.G.); (D.B.)
| | - Łukasz Wicha
- Polish Handball Federation, Puławska 300 A, 02-819 Warszawa, Poland;
| | - Jakub Baron
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Mikołowska 72A, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
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Manchado C, Tortosa Martínez J, Pueo B, Cortell Tormo JM, Vila H, Ferragut C, Sánchez Sánchez F, Busquier S, Amat S, Chirosa Ríos LJ. High-Performance Handball Player's Time-Motion Analysis by Playing Positions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6768. [PMID: 32957441 PMCID: PMC7559068 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the on-court demands of handball players during the European Handball Federation Champions League Final Four (VELUX EHF FINAL4) 2019 to define time-motion characteristics (played time; covered distances) both in offense and defense. Furthermore; we aimed to define position-specific demands and differences among them. Forty players from three teams were analyzed during the tournament using a local positioning system (LPS) for the first time in top handball. Players covered similar distances both in offense (1388.28 ± 2627.08 m), and in defense (1305.47 ± 5059.64 m) and remained on court for a similar average time (15.69 ± 8.02 min and 15.40 ± 8.94 min respectively). When locomotion activities were normalized according to the time they spent on court; significant differences were found for defense compared to offense in walking (+20%; p < 0.000; Cohen's effect size (ES) = 1.01) and jogging (-29.6%; p = 0.000; ES = 0.90), as well as a tendency for high-intensity running (+ 25.2%; p = 0.077; ES = 0.31). Per playing position; center and left back (CB = 94.86 ± 10.98 m·min-1; LB = 96.55 ± 24.65 m·min-1) showed the highest running pace in offense and mid-left; front center defender and outside right for the defense (ML = 90.38 ± 30.16 m·min-1; FCD = 87.04 ± 14.94 m·min-1; OR = 89.64 ± 34.93 m·min-1). In conclusion; profile differences existed among players' position activity; both in offense and defense; which should be taken into account when designing specific physical training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Manchado
- Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.M.); (J.T.M.); (B.P.); (J.M.C.T.)
| | - Juan Tortosa Martínez
- Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.M.); (J.T.M.); (B.P.); (J.M.C.T.)
| | - Basilio Pueo
- Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.M.); (J.T.M.); (B.P.); (J.M.C.T.)
| | - Juan Manuel Cortell Tormo
- Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain; (C.M.); (J.T.M.); (B.P.); (J.M.C.T.)
| | - Helena Vila
- Faculty of Education, University of Vigo, 36905 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Carmen Ferragut
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain;
| | | | - Sonia Busquier
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; (S.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Sergio Amat
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain; (S.B.); (S.A.)
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15
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Raya-González J, Clemente FM, Beato M, Castillo D. Injury Profile of Male and Female Senior and Youth Handball Players: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113925. [PMID: 32492922 PMCID: PMC7312653 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Handball is a team sport in which players are exposed to high physical conditioning requirements and several contacts and collisions, so they must face various musculoskeletal injuries throughout their career. The aim of this study was to summarize the characteristics of handball injuries both in training and in competition contexts, differentiating by gender and age. A systematic review was conducted and a total of 15 studies (33 cohorts) met the inclusion criteria. Higher injury incidence was reported during matches compared to training sessions in all groups (i.e., male and female senior and youth players), with male senior players presenting the greatest values. Lower extremities were more frequently injured, being contusions and sprains the most common type of injuries. Females reported more serious injuries than males, who presented a higher percentage of acute injuries caused by direct contact, while in female players these injuries were not caused by direct contact actions. Wings and backs presented the highest injury incidence; additionally, players registered higher match incidence during international championships compared to national leagues. Due to the differences in the injury profile of handball players, specific preventive strategies should be implemented for each group to optimize the injury prevention process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Filipe Manuel Clemente
- Escola Superior Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
| | - Marco Beato
- School of Health and Sports Science, University of Suffolk, Ipswich IP4 1QJ, UK;
| | - Daniel Castillo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Isabel I, 09001 Burgos, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-947671731
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16
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Raya-González J, García-Esteban S, Hume P, Castillo D. Effects of Gluteal Muscles Strengthening on Lower-Limb Injuries in Male Professional Handball Players. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 35:1593-1598. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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Raya-González J, Castillo D, Beato M. The Flywheel Paradigm in Team Sports: A Soccer Approach. Strength Cond J 2020. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize handball from a social network analysis perspective by analyzing 22 professional matches from the 2018 European Men's Handball Championship. Social network analysis has proven successful in the study of sports dynamics to investigate the interaction patterns of sport teams and the individual involvement of players. In handball, passing is crucial to establish an optimal position for throwing the ball into the goal of the opponent team. Moreover, different tactical formations are played during a game, often induced by two-minute suspensions or the addition of an offensive player replacing the goalkeeper as allowed by the International Handball Federation since 2016. Therefore, studying the interaction patterns of handball teams considering the different playing positions under various attack formations contributes to the tactical understanding of the sport. Degree and flow centrality as well as density and centralization values were computed. As a result, quantification of the contribution of individual players to the overall organization was achieved alongside the general balance in interplay. We identified the backcourt as the key players to structure interplay across tactical formations. While attack units without a goalkeeper were played longer, they were either more intensively structured around back positions (7 vs. 6) or spread out (5 + 1 vs. 6). We also found significant differences in the involvement of wing players across formations. The additional pivot in the 7 vs. 6 formation was mostly used to create space for back players and was less involved in interplay. Social network analysis turned out as a suitable method to govern and quantify team dynamics in handball.
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19
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González-Haro PJ, Gómez-Carmona CD, Bastida-Castillo A, Rojas-Valverde D, Gómez-López M, Pino-Ortega J. Analysis of playing position and match statusrelated differences in external load demands on amateur handball: a case study. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CINEANTROPOMETRIA E DESEMPENHO HUMANO 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2020v22e71427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Currently, the load quantification during training and competition in all sports is important to injury prevention, design specific training sessions, and player performance enhancement. The present study aimed to describe the external load profile of amateur-level handball players and to compare the playing position and match outcome-related differences in an official 2nd Regional Division male official match. 19 handball players were monitored by WIMU PROTM electronic performance and tracking systems (EPTS) with ultrawide-band (UWB) indoor location technology. Statistical analysis was composed of a t-student independent sample test and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni posthoc. In amateur handball, most demands are composed of aerobic intensity displacements (<12 km/h, 76% playing time) and low-intensity impacts (<5G). Differences were found between playing positions where wingers obtained the greatest values in high-intensity actions, centers in the volume of demands, and defensive specialist players in impacts. Besides, the winning teams performed greater high-intensity demands both in displacements and speed changes. In conclusion, the present results realized the first approximation to handball amateur demands, considering the playing role and match status-related demands to design specific training plans.
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20
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Bøgild P, Jensen K, Kvorning T. Physiological Performance Characteristics of Danish National Team Handball Players 1990–2016: Implications on Position-Specific Strength and Conditioning Training. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 34:1555-1563. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Büchel D, Jakobsmeyer R, Döring M, Adams M, Rückert U, Baumeister J. Effect of playing position and time on-court on activity profiles in german elite team handball. INT J PERF ANAL SPOR 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2019.1663071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Büchel
- Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Department of Sports & Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Rasmus Jakobsmeyer
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Sports & Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Michael Döring
- Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Department of Sports & Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Michael Adams
- Center of Excellence – Cognitive Interaction Technology, University of Bielefeld, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Ulrich Rückert
- Center of Excellence – Cognitive Interaction Technology, University of Bielefeld, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Jochen Baumeister
- Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Department of Sports & Health, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
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22
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Montgomery PG, Maloney BD. 3×3 Basketball: Performance Characteristics and Changes During Elite Tournament Competition. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2018; 13:1349-1356. [PMID: 29745788 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2018-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the changes in game performance during tournament play of elite 3×3 basketball. METHODS A total of 361 men and 208 women competing in selected international tournaments had game demands assessed by wearable technology (global positioning system, inertial sensor, and heart rate) along with postgame blood lactate and perceived responses. Differences in the means for selected variables between games were compared using magnitude-based inferences and reported with effect size and associated confidence limits (CL), along with the percentage difference (ES; ±90% CL, %difference) of log-transformed data. RESULTS No clear differences were seen over a tournament period in PlayerLoad™ or PlayerLoad·minute-1. Tournament competition elicits variable changes between games for all inertial measures. Average peak heart rate was 198 (10) and 198 (9) beats·min-1, and average game heart rate was 164 (12) and 165 (18) beats·min-1 for men and women, respectively, with no change between games. Average game lactate was 6.3 (2.4) and 6.1 (2.2) mmol·L-1 for men and women, respectively. Average game ratings of perceived exertion were 5.7 (2.1) and 5.4 (2.0) AU for men and women, respectively. Although lactate and ratings of perceived exertion were variable between games, there was no difference over a tournament. CONCLUSIONS The physical and physiological demands of elite 3×3 games over the duration of a tournament are similar regardless of pool or championship rounds. This may imply that maintaining technical and strategic aspects leads to success rather than minimizing fatigue through superior physical preparation. However, the physiological responses are high; caution is warranted in being underprepared for these demands in tournament play.
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23
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Injury incidence and injury patterns by category, player position, and maturation in elite male handball elite players. Biol Sport 2018; 36:67-74. [PMID: 30899141 PMCID: PMC6413568 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.78908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this cohort study is to estimate the influence of position, category, and maturity status on the incidence and pattern of injury in handball players, across two seasons. Injury registration from 164 players-season (12-27 years) was conducted, and players were categorized into youth (133) and adults (31), and per position: 27 goalkeepers, 67 backs, 70 wings and pivots. Maturity status in youth players was also measured by testicular volume on clinical examination (32 immature, 101 mature). 190 injuries occurred during 34 221 hours of exposure. Injury incidence in youth was 6.0 per 1000 total hours [CI 95%, 4.8-7.2] (14.9 match [9.7-20.1] and 3.7 training hours [2.7-4.6]; n= 142 injuries), and in adults 6.5 per 1000 total hours [4.4-8.6] (22.2 match [8.8-35.6] and 3.0 training hours [1.3-4.6]; n=48 injuries). There were significant differences in knee (P=0.01) and cartilage injury (P=0.05) according to playing position. There were significant differences according to age category in ankle (P=0.03), head (P=0.01), thigh (P=0.05) and muscular injury (P= 0.02), and apophysitis (P=0.04) for biological maturity state. Adult handball players had more ankle and muscle injuries than youths. Pivot and wings (2nd line) had more knee and cartilage problems. A higher incidence of apophysitis was found in immature youth players.
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24
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Andersson SH, Cardinale M, Whiteley R, Popovic N, Hansen C, Lopez FS, Bere T, Bahr R, Myklebust G. Video analysis of acute injuries and referee decisions during the 24th Men's Handball World Championship 2015 in Qatar. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1837-1846. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. H. Andersson
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center; Department of Sports Medicine; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - M. Cardinale
- Department of Sports Science; Aspire Academy; Doha Qatar
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences; University of St. Mark and St. John; Plymouth UK
- Department of Computer Science and ISEH; University College London; London UK
| | - R. Whiteley
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital; Doha Qatar
| | - N. Popovic
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital; Doha Qatar
| | - C. Hansen
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital; Doha Qatar
| | - F. S. Lopez
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital; Doha Qatar
- Qatar Handball Association; Doha Qatar
| | - T. Bere
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
| | - R. Bahr
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center; Department of Sports Medicine; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - G. Myklebust
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center; Department of Sports Medicine; Norwegian School of Sport Sciences; Oslo Norway
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25
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Performance analysis of male handball goalkeepers at the World Handball championship 2015. Biol Sport 2017; 34:393-400. [PMID: 29472743 PMCID: PMC5819469 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2017.69828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Goalkeepers have a very important role in handball. In coaching communities it is well recognized that goalkeepers’ performances can predict team ranking in major tournaments. Despite this, few studies have been conducted on elite goalkeepers participating in World Championships. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyse goalkeepers’ save performance during the 88 matches of the 2015 men’s World Championships tournament. Goalkeepers from 24 national teams were analysed using a tracking camera system and bespoke software (Prozone Handball V.1.2, Prozone, Leeds, UK). The purpose of this study was to examine time-motion performance parameters and to evaluate the save rates for each goalkeeper. The mean total distance covered in a game by the goalkeepers was 1634±999 m. Goalkeepers spent most of the time walking or standing. The total amount of shots to the goal was 6893, with a mean save percentage of 30% (2088 saves). A significant relationship was identified between the goalkeepers’ save statistics and the final team rankings. The save rate is important for teams to achieve a higher ranking, and therefore the selection and training of goalkeepers requires more than just assessing physical abilities. The throwing distribution and success/save rate during the Qatar 2015 Men Handball World Championships suggest strong and weak parts of the goal area, and coaches can use this information to adjust their training approaches for both goalkeepers and shooters.
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26
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Póvoas SCA, Castagna C, Resende C, Coelho EF, Silva P, Santos R, Seabra A, Tamames J, Lopes M, Randers MB, Krustrup P. Physical and Physiological Demands of Recreational Team Handball for Adult Untrained Men. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:6204603. [PMID: 28466014 PMCID: PMC5390542 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6204603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lack of motivation to exercise was reported as a major cause of sedentary behavior in adulthood. This descriptive study examines the acute physical and physiological demands of recreational team handball and evaluates whether it could be suggested as an exercise mode for fitness and health enhancement in 33-55-year-old untrained men. Time-motion, heart rate (HR), and blood lactate analyses were obtained from 4 recreational matches. Mean distance covered during the 60 min matches was 6012 ± 428 m. The players changed match activity 386 ± 70 times, of which high-intensity runs and unorthodox movements amounted to 59 ± 18 and 26 ± 26 per match, respectively. The most frequent highly demanding playing actions were jumps and throws. Match average and peak HR were 82 ± 6% and 93 ± 5% HRmax, respectively. Players exercised at intensities between 81 and 90% HRmax for 47% (28 ± 14 min) and >90% HRmax for 24% (14 ± 15 min) of total match time. Match average and peak blood lactate values were 3.6 ± 1.3 and 4.2 ± 1.2 mM, respectively. Recreational team handball is an intermittent high-intensity exercise mode with physical and physiological demands in the range of those found to have a positive effect on aerobic, anaerobic, and musculoskeletal fitness in adult individuals. Training studies considering recreational team handball as a health enhancing intervention are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana C. A. Póvoas
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
| | - Carlo Castagna
- Fitness Training and Biomechanics Laboratory, Italian Football Federation, Technical Department, Coverciano, Florence, Italy
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlos Resende
- University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
- Center of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Silva
- University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rute Santos
- University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Early Start Research Institute, School of Education, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - André Seabra
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Juan Tamames
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Lopes
- University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, Maia, Portugal
- Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Morten Bredsgaard Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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