Incorporating Behavior Change Strategies Into an Exercise Trial to Improve Physical Activity Maintenance Among Adults at High Risk for Type II Diabetes

Are Diabetes Prevention Programs Reaching Those Most at Risk? A Scoping Review

OBJECTIVES

Previous reviews have highlighted the efficacy of lifestyle diabetes prevention programs (DPPs) in decreasing type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, but the participating populations were predominantly White. This is concerning, as ethnically diverse populations are disproportionately affected by T2D. The objective of this scoping review was to 1) summarize existing tailored DPPs and 2) provide recommendations for future program implementation to improve access and reach for diverse populations.

METHODS

This work represents a subanalysis of a larger scoping review synthesizing DPPs. Several databases were searched for studies relating to T2D risk and lifestyle programs. Study characteristics were systematically extracted using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication checklist.

RESULTS

Of 25,110 screened publications, 351 (220 programs) were included in the larger review. Only 29% (64 programs) of the 220 programs were identified as specifically serving ethnically diverse populations and were included in this subanalysis. An updated search was run that identified an additional 10 publications (10 programs). Over a third (35%) of programs reported strategies used to tailor their intervention to the target population; of those that reported, 62% tailored the content of the intervention to be culturally appropriate and relevant as well as accommodate the geographic and cultural context.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on recruitment, tailoring, and provision strategies used in DPPs targeting specific underresourced populations, this review provides recommendations on how future program developers can increase access and reach, improving individual- and population-level health outcomes via T2D reduction in those at highest risk.

Initial Psychometric Evidence of Physical Inactivity Perceived Experience Scale (Pipes): COVID-19 Pandemic as a Pilot Study

AIMS

Our study aimed to develop a two-factor self-administered orthogonal questionnaire to assess the experience of perceived physical inactivity, to test its psychometric properties, to confirm its relationships with fear of COVID-19, and finally, with perceived stress during the pandemic.

METHODS

A total of 481 Tunisian subjects collected in several cities, aged from 16 to 67 years with a mean age = 32.48 ± 9.46, and of both sexes participate in our study with (male: 51.8%) and (female: 48.2%), divided according to the level of study into three categories. All subjects voluntarily answered the PIPES questionnaire, the IPAQ scale, the COVID-19 fear scale and the PSS-10 test.

RESULTS

The results of the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported the robustness of the tool measure. In addition, examination of configurational, metric, scalar, and strict invariance supported the equivalence of the structure by gender and educational level. Concurrent validity was established by the positive association of a negative perception of physical inactivity with scores measured by the IPAQ scale and a negative association with scores of COVID-19 fear and perceived stress. Whereas, a positive perception of physical inactivity from the COVID-19 scale was negatively associated with the IPAQ and positively associated with fear of COVID-19 and perceived stress.

CONCLUSION

The PIPES-10 scale can be used to measure the perception of physical inactivity in different situations.