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Mino E, Hanson CL, Naber I, Weissenfels A, McHale S, Saftig J, Klamroth S, Gelius P, Abu-Omar K, Whiting S, Wickramasinghe K, Galea G, Pfeifer K, Geidl W. A systematic review and narrative synthesis of physical activity referral schemes' components. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:140. [PMID: 38012688 PMCID: PMC10683187 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01518-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity referral schemes (PARS) are complex multicomponent interventions that represent a promising healthcare-based concept for physical activity (PA) promotion. This systematic review and narrative synthesis aimed to identify the constitutive components of PARS and provide an overview of their effectiveness. METHODS Following a published protocol, we conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, HTA, Wiley Online Library, SAGE Journals, Taylor & Francis, Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and CORE from 1990 to January 2023. We included experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational studies that targeted adults participating in PARS and reported PA outcomes, scheme uptake, or adherence rates. We performed an intervention components analysis using the PARS taxonomy to identify scheme components and extracted data related to uptake, adherence, and PA behavior change. We combined these to provide a narrative summary of PARS effectiveness. RESULTS We included 57 studies reporting on 36 PARS models from twelve countries. We identified 19 PARS components: a patient-centered approach, individualized content, behavior change theory and techniques, screening, brief advice, written materials, a written prescription, referral, baseline and exit consultation, counselling support session(s), PA sessions, education session(s), action for non-attendance, structured follow-up, a PA network, feedback for the referrer, and exit strategies/routes. The PARS models contained a mean of 7 ± 2.9 components (range = 2-13). Forty-five studies reported PA outcome data, 28 reported uptake, and 34 reported adherence rates. Of these, approximately two-thirds of studies reported a positive effect on participant PA levels, with a wide range of uptake (5.7-100.0%) and adherence rates (8.5-95.0%). CONCLUSIONS Physical activity referral scheme components are an important source of complexity. Despite the heterogeneous nature of scheme designs, our synthesis was able to identify 19 components. Further research is required to determine the influence of these components on PARS uptake, adherence, and PA behavior change. To facilitate this, researchers and scheme providers must report PARS designs in more detail. Process evaluations are also needed to examine implementation and increase our understanding of what components lead to which outcomes. This will facilitate future comparisons between PARS and enable the development of models to maximize impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriselda Mino
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Coral L Hanson
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, EH11 4DN, UK
| | - Inga Naber
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Weissenfels
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sheona McHale
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, EH11 4DN, UK
| | - Jane Saftig
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah Klamroth
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gelius
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karim Abu-Omar
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stephen Whiting
- WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD Office), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kremlin Wickramasinghe
- WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD Office), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gauden Galea
- WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD Office), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Klaus Pfeifer
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Geidl
- Department of Sport Science and Sport, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Gebbertstraße 123B, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Sonke J, Manhas N, Belden C, Morgan-Daniel J, Akram S, Marjani S, Oduntan O, Hammond G, Martinez G, Davidson Carroll G, Rodriguez AK, Burch S, Colverson AJ, Pesata V, Fancourt D. Social prescribing outcomes: a mapping review of the evidence from 13 countries to identify key common outcomes. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1266429. [PMID: 38020134 PMCID: PMC10660286 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1266429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction As a means for supporting a range of health and wellbeing goals, social prescribing programs have been implemented around the world. Reflecting a range of contexts, needs, innovation, and programing, a broad array of outcomes has been studied in relation to these programs. As interest in social prescribing grows, more targeted study of key outcomes and in turn evidence synthesis that can inform evidence-based practice, policy, and investment is needed. Methods and Results This mapping review identified, described, and synthesized the broad array of social prescribing outcomes that have been studied in 13 countries and maps the outcomes that have been most commonly studied. From 87 articles included in this review, a total of 347 unique outcomes were identified, including 278 unique patient outcomes and 69 unique system outcomes. The most commonly studied categories of patient outcomes were found to be mental health, lifestyle and behavior, and patient/service user experience. The most commonly studied system outcomes were healthcare/service utilization and financial/economic outcomes. Discussion This review highlights the value of heterogeneity and mixed methods approaches in outcomes studies for capturing nuanced experiences and outcomes in this nascent area of practice, while contributing to the advancement of evidence synthesis for social prescribing globally by quantifying and offering insight into the outcomes that have been studied to date. It also lays a foundation for the development of key common outcomes and a Core Outcomes Set for social prescribing. Additionally, it identified key outcomes that, given their relationship to critical health and social issues, warrant both broader and deeper study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Sonke
- Center for Arts in Medicine, College of the Arts, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nico Manhas
- Center for Arts in Medicine, College of the Arts, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Cassandra Belden
- Center for Arts in Medicine, College of the Arts, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jane Morgan-Daniel
- Health Science Center Libraries, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Seher Akram
- Center for Arts in Medicine, College of the Arts, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stefany Marjani
- Center for Arts in Medicine, College of the Arts, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Oluwasanmi Oduntan
- Center for Arts in Medicine, College of the Arts, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Gabrielle Hammond
- Center for Arts in Medicine, College of the Arts, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gabriella Martinez
- Center for Arts in Medicine, College of the Arts, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gray Davidson Carroll
- Center for Arts in Medicine, College of the Arts, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alexandra K. Rodriguez
- Center for Arts in Medicine, College of the Arts, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Shanaé Burch
- Center for Arts in Medicine, College of the Arts, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Aaron J. Colverson
- Center for Arts in Medicine, College of the Arts, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- School of Music, College of the Arts, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Virginia Pesata
- Center for Arts in Medicine, College of the Arts, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Daisy Fancourt
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Oster C, Skelton C, Leibbrandt R, Hines S, Bonevski B. Models of social prescribing to address non-medical needs in adults: a scoping review. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23:642. [PMID: 37316920 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-023-09650-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health and wellbeing consequences of social determinants of health and health behaviours are well established. This has led to a growing interest in social prescribing, which involves linking people to services and supports in the community and voluntary sectors to address non-medical needs. However, there is considerable variability in approaches to social prescribing with little guidance on how social prescribing could be developed to reflect local health systems and needs. The purpose of this scoping review was to describe the types of social prescribing models used to address non-medical needs to inform co-design and decision-making for social prescribing program developers. METHODS We searched Ovid MEDLINE(R), CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, National Institute for Health Research Clinical Research Network, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, WHO International Clinical Trial Registry Platform, and ProQuest - Dissertations and Theses for articles and grey literature describing social prescribing programs. Reference lists of literature reviews were also searched. The searches were conducted on 2 August 2021 and yielded 5383 results following removal of duplicates. RESULTS 148 documents describing 159 social prescribing programs were included in the review. We describe the contexts in which the programs were delivered, the program target groups and services/supports to which participants were referred, the staff involved in the programs, program funding, and the use of digital systems. CONCLUSIONS There is significant variability in social prescribing approaches internationally. Social prescribing programs can be summarised as including six planning stages and six program processes. We provide guidance for decision-makers regarding what to consider when designing social prescribing programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Oster
- College of Nursing & Health Sciences, Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.
| | - Claire Skelton
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Richard Leibbrandt
- College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sonia Hines
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders Rural and Remote Health, Flinders University, Alice Springs, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Billie Bonevski
- College of Medicine & Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The evidence base for social prescribing is inconclusive, and evaluations have been criticised for lacking rigour. This realist review sought to understand how and why social prescribing evaluations work or do not work. Findings from this review will contribute to the development of an evidence-based evaluation framework and reporting standards for social prescribing. DESIGN A realist review. DATA SOURCES ASSIA, CINAHL, Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus Online, Social Care Online, Web of Science and grey literature. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Documents reporting on social prescribing evaluations using any methods, published between 1998 and 2020 were included. Documents not reporting findings or lacking detail on methods for data collection and outcomes were excluded. ANALYSIS Included documents were segregated into subcases based on methodology. Data relating to context, mechanisms and outcomes and the programme theory were extracted and context-mechanism-outcome configurations were developed. Meta-inferences were drawn from all subcases to refine the programme theory. RESULTS 83 documents contributed to analysis. Generally, studies lacked in-depth descriptions of the methods and evaluation processes employed. A cyclical process of social prescribing evaluation was identified, involving preparation, conducting the study and interpretation. The analysis found that coproduction, alignment, research agency, sequential mixed-methods design and integration of findings all contributed to the development of an acceptable, high-quality social prescribing evaluation design. Context-mechanism-outcome configurations relating to these themes are reported. CONCLUSIONS To develop the social prescribing evidence base and address gaps in our knowledge about the impact of social prescribing and how it works, evaluations must be high quality and acceptable to stakeholders. Development of an evaluation framework and reporting standards drawing on the findings of this realist review will support this aim. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020183065.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Elliott
- Wales School for Social Prescribing Research, PRIME Centre Wales, Faculty of Life Sciences & Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Mark Davies
- Wales School for Social Prescribing Research, PRIME Centre Wales, Faculty of Life Sciences & Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Julie Davies
- Valleys Regional Park, Bridgend County Borough Council, Bridgend, UK
| | - Carolyn Wallace
- Wales School for Social Prescribing Research, PRIME Centre Wales, Faculty of Life Sciences & Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
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Galán-Arroyo C, Pereira-Payo D, Hernández-Mocholí MÁ, Merellano-Navarro E, Pérez-Gómez J, Rojo-Ramos J, Adsuar JC. Depression and Exercise in Older Adults: Exercise Looks after You Program, User Profile. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10020181. [PMID: 35206796 PMCID: PMC8871945 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10020181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Depression is a challenge for public health policies, as it is the number one leading cause of disability in the world. In order to combat and prevent it, different social and health interventions are being developed to promote health through physical activity. Objective: Analyze and describe the user profile of the patients with depression from the Exercise Looks After You program, which is a physical activity program that works on improving public health and has an essential role preventing chronic diseases and improving the quality of life of the elderly in Extremadura. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants: total sample of 1972 users (96.4% women, 3.6% men), of whom 724 (94.6% women, 5.4% men) suffer from depression. Results: It was observed that the dominant user profile of the patients with depression within the program is female, 71 years old, physically active, overweight, married, with low educational level, non-smoker, no alcohol consumption and below average physical fitness and health-related quality of life, which translates into a high incidence of primary care, nursing and prescription visits. Conclusions: This study presents the user profile of depressive versus non-depressive participants of the Exercise Looks After You physical activity program. This data could be meaningful in order to improve and optimize public health programs and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Galán-Arroyo
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (C.G.-A.); (J.C.A.)
| | - Damián Pereira-Payo
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (D.P.-P.); (J.P.-G.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Hernández-Mocholí
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain;
| | | | - Jorge Pérez-Gómez
- Health Economy Motricity and Education (HEME), Faculty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (D.P.-P.); (J.P.-G.)
| | - Jorge Rojo-Ramos
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Jose Carmelo Adsuar
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain; (C.G.-A.); (J.C.A.)
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Hesketh K, Jones H, Kinnafick F, Shepherd SO, Wagenmakers AJM, Strauss JA, Cocks M. Home-Based HIIT and Traditional MICT Prescriptions Improve Cardiorespiratory Fitness to a Similar Extent Within an Exercise Referral Scheme for At-Risk Individuals. Front Physiol 2021; 12:750283. [PMID: 34858205 PMCID: PMC8631444 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.750283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise referral schemes (ERS) are used to promote physical activity within primary care. Traditionally, ERS are conducted in a gym or leisure-center setting, with exercise prescriptions based on moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Home-based high-intensity interval training (Home-HIIT) has the potential to reduce perceived barriers to exercise, including lack of time and access to facilities, compared to traditional MICT prescription used with ERS and improve health related outcomes. We hypothesized that Home-HIIT would mediate greater improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by virtue of greater adherence and compliance to the exercise prescription, compared to MICT. Methods: Patients enrolled on an ERS (Liverpool, United Kingdom) were recruited for a pragmatic trial. Participants self-selected either 12 weeks of MICT (45-135 min/week at 50-70% HRmax) or Home-HIIT (4-9 min × 1 min intervals at ≥80% of HRmax, interspersed with 1 min rest). The primary outcome was the change in CRF (VO2 peak) at post-intervention (12 weeks) and follow-up (3-month post intervention), using intention-to-treat analysis. Results: 154 participants (age 48 ± 10y; BMI 30.5 ± 6.1 kg/m2) were recruited between October 2017 and March 2019, 87 (56%) participants chose Home-HIIT and 67 (44%) MICT. VO2 peak increased post-intervention in both groups (MICT 3.9 ± 6.0 ml.kg-1.min-1, Home-HIIT 2.8 ± 4.5 ml.kg-1.min-1, P < 0.001), and was maintained at follow-up (P < 0.001). Fat mass was only reduced post MICT (MICT -1.5 ± 6.3 kg, P < 0.05, Home-HIIT -0.2 ± 2.0 kg, P = 1.00), but the reduction was not maintained at follow-up (MICT -0.6 ± 5.1 kg, Home-HIIT 0.0 ± 2.2 kg, P > 0.05). Adherence to the prescribed programs was similar (MICT 48 ± 35%, Home-HIIT 39 ± 36%, P = 0.77). Conclusion: This is the first study to evaluate the use of Home-HIIT for individuals in a primary care setting. Contrary to our hypothesis, adherence to both exercise prescriptions was poor, and CRF improved to a similar extent in both groups with improvements maintained at 3-month follow-up. We provide evidence that, although not superior, Home-HIIT could be an effective and popular additional exercise choice for patients within primary care based ERS. Clinical Trial Registration: [ClinicalTrials.gov], identifier [NCT04553614].
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Hesketh
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Jones
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Kinnafick
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Sam O Shepherd
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anton J M Wagenmakers
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Juliette A Strauss
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Cocks
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Morgan K, Lewis J, Hawkins J, Moore G. From a research trial to routine practice: stakeholders' perceptions and experiences of referrals to the National Exercise Referral Scheme (NERS) in Wales. BMC Health Serv Res 2021; 21:1232. [PMID: 34774040 PMCID: PMC8590360 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-021-07266-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over ten years on from a randomised controlled trial and subsequent national roll-out, the National Exercise Referral Scheme (NERS) continues to be routinely delivered in primary care across Wales, UK. Few studies have revisited effective interventions years into their delivery in routine practice to understand how implementation, and perceived effects, have been maintained over time. This study explores perceptions and experiences of referral to NERS among referrers, scheme deliverers and patients. Methods Individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 stakeholders: scheme referrers (n = 9); scheme deliverers (n = 22); and referred patients (n = 19). Convenience sampling techniques were used to recruit scheme referrers and purposive sampling to recruit scheme deliverers and patients. Thematic analysis was employed. Results Analyses resulted in five key themes; referrer characteristics, geographical disparities in referral and scheme access, reinforcements for awareness of the scheme, patient characteristics and processes and context underpinning a referral. Overall there was a high concordance of views between all three stakeholder groups and barriers and facilitators were found to be entwined within and across themes. Referral barriers persisting since the earlier trial included a lack of consultation time and a lack of referral feedback. Newly identified barriers included a lack of scheme awareness and a referral system perceived to be time intensive and disjointed. Key referral facilitators included patient self-referrals, a growing scheme reputation and promotional activities of scheme deliverers. Conclusions Findings provide evidence that could inform the further development of NERS and wider exercise referral schemes to ensure the referral process is timely, efficient and equitable. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-021-07266-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Morgan
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, CF10 3BD, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Jennifer Lewis
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Neuadd Meirionnydd, CF14 4YS, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jemma Hawkins
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, CF10 3BD, Cardiff, UK
| | - Graham Moore
- Centre for Development, Evaluation, Complexity and Implementation in Public Health Improvement (DECIPHer), School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, CF10 3BD, Cardiff, UK
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Oliver EJ, Buckley BJ, Dodd-Reynolds C, Downey J, Hanson CL, Henderson H, Hawkins J, Steele J, Wade M, Watson PM. Where next for the design, delivery and evaluation of community-based physical activity prescription? Emerging lessons from the United Kingdom. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1430-1434. [PMID: 34324824 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite widespread use, community-based physical activity prescription is controversial. Data limitations have resulted in a lack of clarity about what works, under what circumstances, and for whom, reflected in conservative policy recommendations. In this commentary we challenge a predominantly negative discourse, using contemporary research to highlight promising findings and 'lessons learnt' for design, delivery, and evaluation. In doing so, we argue for the importance of a more nuanced approach to future commissioning and evaluation. Contribution: • Amalgamating learning from multiple research teams to create recommendations for advancing physical activity prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Oliver
- Durham University, 3057, Sport and Exercise Sciences, 42 Old Elvet, Durham, Durham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, DH1 3LE;
| | - Benjamin Jr Buckley
- University of Liverpool, 4591, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Caroline Dodd-Reynolds
- Durham University, 3057, Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - John Downey
- Plymouth Marjon University, 6629, Plymouth, Devon, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Coral L Hanson
- Edinburgh Napier University, 3121, Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Hannah Henderson
- University of Lincoln, 4547, Lincoln, Lincolnshire, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Jemma Hawkins
- Cardiff University, 2112, Cardiff, South Glamorgan, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - James Steele
- Solent University, 7422, Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Matthew Wade
- ukactive Research Institute, 569080, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Paula M Watson
- Liverpool John Moores University, 4589, Liverpool, Merseyside, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
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Hoffmeister LV, Nunes MF, Figueiredo CEM, Coelho A, Oliveira MFF, Massano P, Gama A, Aguiar P, Dias S. Evaluation of the Impact and Implementation of Social Prescribing in Primary Healthcare Units in Lisbon: A Mixed-Methods Study Protocol. Int J Integr Care 2021; 21:26. [PMID: 34220390 PMCID: PMC8231481 DOI: 10.5334/ijic.5592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social Prescribing (SP) is an intervention to link users of the primary healthcare services to non-clinical organizations based on the community to tackle social determinants of health. Despite the potential benefits of SP, the effectiveness of this complex intervention remains uncertain. This paper presents the study protocol of the evaluation of the first SP project in Portugal. METHODS A mixed-methods study will be conducted to evaluate the SP project. For the quantitative component, a longitudinal, prospective study with a pre-post design will be performed. Data on patients referred to SP will be collected in four different points in time throughout the intervention, using questionnaires on patients' health status and sociodemographic characteristics, and scales on patients' well-being, quality of life and activation. The secondary data will be collected using patients' medical records and SP's forms about the referral and social responses elaborated within the intervention. Semi-structured interviews with patients and focus groups with stakeholders will be conducted to assess experiences of participation and improvement suggestions on SP. CONCLUSION Comprehensive and complementary evidence will provide insights and learning for the implementation of future SP interventions. This can contribute to inform policy and practice, and to increase investment in social prescribing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louíse Viecili Hoffmeister
- Public Health Research Centre, National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560, Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mariana Fortuna Nunes
- Public Health Research Centre, National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristiano Emanuel Marta Figueiredo
- Public Health Research Centre, National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560, Lisboa, Portugal
- Central Lisbon Health Center Cluster, Rua Carvalho Araújo, 103 1900-181 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Coelho
- Central Lisbon Health Center Cluster, Rua Carvalho Araújo, 103 1900-181 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Paula Massano
- Central Lisbon Health Center Cluster, Rua Carvalho Araújo, 103 1900-181 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana Gama
- Public Health Research Centre, National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560, Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Aguiar
- Public Health Research Centre, National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560, Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sónia Dias
- Public Health Research Centre, National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1600-560, Lisboa, Portugal
- Comprehensive Health Research Center (CHRC), Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
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Bell J, Neubeck L, Jin K, Kelly P, Hanson CL. Understanding Leisure Centre-Based Physical Activity after Physical Activity Referral: Evidence from Scheme Participants and Completers in Northumberland UK. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062957. [PMID: 33805813 PMCID: PMC7998171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity referral schemes (PARS) are a popular physical activity (PA) intervention in the UK. Little is known about the type, intensity and duration of PA undertaken during and post PARS. We calculated weekly leisure centre-based moderate/vigorous PA for PARS participants (n = 448) and PARS completers (n = 746) in Northumberland, UK, between March 2019–February 2020 using administrative data. We categorised activity levels (<30 min/week, 30–149 min/week and ≥150 min/week) and used ordinal regression to examine predictors for activity category achieved. PARS participants took part in a median of 57.0 min (IQR 26.0–90.0) and PARS completers a median of 68.0 min (IQR 42.0–100.0) moderate/vigorous leisure centre-based PA per week. Being a PARS completer (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.61–2.82) was a positive predictor of achieving a higher level of physical activity category compared to PARS participants. Female PARS participants were less likely (OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.43–0.97) to achieve ≥30 min of moderate/vigorous LCPA per week compared to male PARS participants. PARS participants achieved 38.0% and PARS completers 45.3% of the World Health Organisation recommended ≥150 min of moderate/vigorous weekly PA through leisure centre use. Strategies integrated within PARS to promote PA outside of leisure centre-based activity may help participants achieve PA guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Bell
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4DN, UK; (L.N.); (C.L.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lis Neubeck
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4DN, UK; (L.N.); (C.L.H.)
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Kai Jin
- Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK;
| | - Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 8AQ, UK;
| | - Coral L. Hanson
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4DN, UK; (L.N.); (C.L.H.)
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11
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Effectiveness of Social Prescribing Programs in the Primary Health-Care Context: A Systematic Literature Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Social prescribing (SP) is an approach that promotes the use of local non-clinical activities by people. The referral is usually made by primary health-care professionals, in a process wherein local providers play a pivotal role. The main objective of this study was to identify domains of intervention and evidence about the effectiveness of SP programs regarding health-related outcomes. A systematic literature review was carried out following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, CINHAL, and SCOPUS. Inclusion criteria of the reviewed papers were as follows: (i) effectiveness studies of interventions designated as SP or interventions entailing SP conceptual components; (ii) interventions with adults. Quality assessment was performed with the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials; an assessment tool developed by the US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute was applied to observational studies. Overall, 13 articles were included for analysis, with a total of 4603 patients. Although three studies comprised a control group, only two followed a randomized controlled trials (RCT) design. Nine principal domains of intervention within SP were identified, with three categories of outcome measures: Physical and psychological wellbeing; Health behaviors and self-efficacy; and Health care resources end economic evaluation. SP is an emergent and promising health-care intervention, and it has been used to promote different health behaviors. Evidence of SP effectiveness on patient’s health and wellbeing is not strong. Further research is needed for understanding how SP can be applied efficiently.
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12
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Buckley BJ, Thijssen DH, Murphy RC, Graves LE, Cochrane M, Gillison F, Crone D, Wilson PM, Whyte G, Watson PM. Pragmatic evaluation of a coproduced physical activity referral scheme: a UK quasi-experimental study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e034580. [PMID: 33004383 PMCID: PMC7534707 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-034580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES UK exercise referral schemes (ERSs) have been criticised for focusing too much on exercise prescription and not enough on sustainable physical activity (PA) behaviour change. Previously, a theoretically grounded intervention (coproduced PA referral scheme, Co-PARS) was coproduced to support long-term PA behaviour change in individuals with health conditions. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of Co-PARS compared with a usual care ERS and no treatment for increasing cardiorespiratory fitness. DESIGN A three-arm quasi-experimental trial. SETTING Two leisure centres providing (1) Co-PARS, (2) usual exercise referral care and one no-treatment control. PARTICIPANTS 68 adults with lifestyle-related health conditions (eg, cardiovascular, diabetes, depression) were recruited to co-PARS, usual care or no treatment. INTERVENTION 16-weeks of PA behaviour change support delivered at 4, 8, 12 and 18 weeks, in addition to the usual care 12-week leisure centre access. OUTCOME MEASURES Cardiorespiratory fitness, vascular health, PA and mental well-being were measured at baseline, 12 weeks and 6 months (PA and mental well-being only). Fitness centre engagement (co-PARS and usual care) and behaviour change consultation attendance (co-PARS) were assessed. Following an intention-to-treat approach, repeated-measures linear mixed models were used to explore intervention effects. RESULTS Significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (p=0.002) and vascular health (p=0.002) were found in co-PARS compared with usual care and no-treatment at 12 weeks. No significant changes in PA or well-being at 12 weeks or 6 months were noted. Intervention engagement was higher in co-PARS than usual care, though this was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION A coproduced PA behaviour change intervention led to promising improvements in cardiorespiratory and vascular health at 12 weeks, despite no effect for PA levels at 12 weeks or 6 months. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03490747.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Jr Buckley
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dick Hj Thijssen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Rebecca C Murphy
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lee Ef Graves
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Madeleine Cochrane
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Diane Crone
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Philip M Wilson
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, Saint Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Greg Whyte
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paula M Watson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Dodd-Reynolds CJ, Vallis D, Kasim A, Akhter N, Hanson CL. The Northumberland Exercise Referral Scheme as a Universal Community Weight Management Programme: A Mixed Methods Exploration of Outcomes, Expectations and Experiences across a Social Gradient. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155297. [PMID: 32717836 PMCID: PMC7432420 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Exercise referral schemes (ERS) are internationally recognised, yet little attention has been paid to discrete referral groups or the influence of wider social determinants of health. The primary quantitative element of this mixed methods study used a mixed effects linear model to examine associations of sociodemographic predictors, obesity class and profession of referrer on weight and physical activity (PA) variables for weight-related referrals (n = 3624) to an established 24-week ERS. Chained equations modelling imputed missing data. The embedded qualitative element (n = 7) used individual semi-structured interviews to explore participant weight-related expectations and experiences. Age, gender and profession of referrer influenced weight loss. PA increased and was influenced by age and gender. The weight gap between the most and least obese narrowed over time but the PA gap between most and least widened. Age, employment and obesity class were most predictive of missing data but would unlikely alter overall conclusions. Qualitative themes were weight-loss support, personal circumstances and strategies, and weight expectations versus wellbeing rewards. This ERS worked, did not widen existing obesity inequalities, but demonstrated evidence of PA inequalities for those living with deprivation. To improve equity of experience, we recommend further stakeholder dialogue around referral experience and ongoing support needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline J. Dodd-Reynolds
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3HN, UK
- Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing Physical Activity Special Interest Group, Durham University, Durham DH1 3HN, UK; (A.K.); (N.A.)
- Durham Research Methods Centre, Durham University, Durham DH1 3HN, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Dimitris Vallis
- Durham Research Methods Centre, Durham University, Durham DH1 3HN, UK;
| | - Adetayo Kasim
- Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing Physical Activity Special Interest Group, Durham University, Durham DH1 3HN, UK; (A.K.); (N.A.)
- Durham Research Methods Centre, Durham University, Durham DH1 3HN, UK;
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3HN, UK
| | - Nasima Akhter
- Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing Physical Activity Special Interest Group, Durham University, Durham DH1 3HN, UK; (A.K.); (N.A.)
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham DH1 3HN, UK
| | - Coral L. Hanson
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh EH11 4BN, UK;
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Blom EE, Aadland E, Skrove GK, Solbraa AK, Oldervoll LM. Health-related quality of life and physical activity level after a behavior change program at Norwegian healthy life centers: a 15-month follow-up. Qual Life Res 2020; 29:3031-3041. [PMID: 32562195 PMCID: PMC7591434 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-020-02554-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The long-term impact of primary care behavior change programs on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical activity (PA) level is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in HRQoL and PA among participants after a 3-month behavior change intervention at Norwegian healthy life center (HLCs) and at a 15-month follow-up. Furthermore, we aimed to study associations between changes in PA and HRQoL. Methods We followed 524 adult participants (18–83 years), recruited from 32 HLCs in August 2016–January 2018, who provided data on HRQoL (SF-36) and PA (ActiGraph accelerometers) 12 months after a 3-month behavior change intervention. Changes in HRQoL and PA between baseline, 3-month and 15-month follow-ups, and associations between changes in PA and HRQoL were analyzed by linear mixed models. Results All HRQoL dimensions improved from baseline to 3-month follow-up, and the improvements maintained at 15-month follow-up (mean 3.1–13.1 points, p < 0.001). PA increased from baseline to 3 months (mean 418 steps/day, p < 0.001), but declined from 3 to 15 months (mean − 371 steps/day, p < 0.001). We observed positive associations between changes in PA and HRQoL (0.84–3.23 points per 1000 steps/day, p < 0.023). Conclusions Twelve months after completing a 3-month HLC intervention we found improved HRQoL, but not PA level. Still, there were positive associations between PA and HRQoL over this period, indicating that participants increasing their PA were more likely to improve their HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Eimhjellen Blom
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Postbox 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway. .,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Eivind Aadland
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Postbox 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Guri Kaurstad Skrove
- Department of Social Sciences, Møreforsking Molde AS, Britvegen 4, 6410, Molde, Norway
| | - Ane Kristiansen Solbraa
- Department of Sport, Food and Natural Sciences, Faculty of Education, Arts and Sports, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Campus Sogndal, Postbox 133, 6851, Sogndal, Norway
| | - Line Merethe Oldervoll
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,LHL-Clinics Trondheim, Postbox 3015 Lade, 7441, Trondheim, Norway
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