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Webber BJ, Whitfield GP, Rose KM, Stowe EW, Zaganjor H, Ederer DJ, Fulton JE. Prevalence of vision zero action plans or strategies: USA, 2021. Inj Prev 2024; 30:261-264. [PMID: 38378255 PMCID: PMC11137438 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vision Zero is a strategy to eliminate traffic fatalities and to promote equitable mobility options for all road users. Using a nationally representative survey, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of Vision Zero action plans or strategies in the USA. METHODS Municipal officials were surveyed in 2021. In this cross-sectional study, we calculated the prevalence of Vision Zero plans or strategies and compared municipalities with adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) to account for region and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Among 1955 municipalities participating in the survey (question-specific response rate: 44.3%), the prevalence of a Vision Zero action plan or strategy was 7.7%; 70.5% responded no and 21.8% don't know. Prevalence was 4.8% in small municipalities (1000-2499 residents), 20.3% in medium-large municipalities (50 000-124 999 residents; PR=4.1), and 37.8% in large municipalities (≥125 000 residents; PR=7.6). CONCLUSION The prevalence of Vision Zero plans and strategies across the USA is low. Additional adoption of Vision Zero plans and strategies could help address traffic fatalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryant J Webber
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Geoffrey P Whitfield
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kenneth M Rose
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ellen W Stowe
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hatidza Zaganjor
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - David J Ederer
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Janet E Fulton
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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2
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Gomez SE, Dudum R, Rodriguez F. Inequities in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024:S0033-0620(24)00071-9. [PMID: 38734044 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease (ASCVD) prevention encompasses interventions across the lifecourse: from primordial to primary and secondary prevention. Primordial prevention begins in childhood and involves the promotion of ideal CV health (CVH) via optimizing physical activity, body mass index, blood glucose levels, total cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and sleep while minimizing tobacco use. Primary and secondary prevention of ASCVD thereafter centers around mitigating ASCVD risk factors via medical therapy and lifestyle interventions. Disparities in optimal preventive efforts exist among historically marginalized groups in each of these three prongs of ASCVD prevention. Children and adults with a high burden of social determinants of health also face inequity in preventive measures. Inadequate screening, risk factor management and prescription of preventive therapeutics permeate the care of certain groups, especially women, Black, and Hispanic individuals in the United States. Beyond this, individuals belonging to historically marginalized groups also are much more likely to experience other ASCVD risk-enhancing factors, placing them at higher risk for ASCVD over their lifetime. These disparities translate to worse outcomes, with higher rates of ASCVD and CV mortality among these groups. Possible solutions to promoting equity involve community-based youth lifestyle interventions, improved risk-factor screening, and increasing accessibility to healthcare resources and novel preventive diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia E Gomez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ramzi Dudum
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Fatima Rodriguez
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Institute, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States.
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Rogers AE, Schenkelberg MA, Stoepker P, Westmark D, Srivastava D, Dzewaltowski DA. Indicators of community physical activity resources and opportunities and variation by community sociodemographic characteristics: A scoping review. Prev Med Rep 2024; 40:102656. [PMID: 38435416 PMCID: PMC10904198 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This scoping review synthesizes studies examining community-level variability in physical activity resource (assets) and opportunity (organized group physical activity services) availability by community sociodemographic characteristics to describe methodologies for measuring resources/opportunities, indicators characterizing availability, and associations between community-level sociodemographic characteristics and availability. Methods A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Scopus for literature through 2022. Eligible studies quantitatively examined measures of physical activity resource/opportunity availability by community-level racial, ethnic, and/or socioeconomic characteristics within geospatially defined communities. Extracted data included: community geospatial definitions, sociodemographic characteristics assessed, methodologies for measuring and indicators of community physical activity resource/opportunity availability, and study findings. Results Among the 46 included studies, community geospatial units were defined by 28 different community boundaries (e.g., town), and 13% of studies were conducted in rural areas. Nearly all (98%) studies measured community-level socioeconomic status, and 45% of studies measured race/ethnicity. A total of 41 indicators of physical activity resource/opportunity availability were identified. Most studies (91%) assessed built environment resources (e.g., parks), while 8.7% of studies assessed opportunities (e.g., programs). Of 141 associations/differences between community sociodemographic characteristics and resource/opportunity availability, 29.8% indicated greater availability in communities of higher socioeconomic status or lower prevalence of minority populations. The remaining findings were in the opposite direction (9.2%), non-significant (36.9%), or mixed (24.1%). Conclusions Variability in physical activity resources/opportunities by community sociodemographic characteristics was not consistently evident. However, the indicators synthesized may be useful for informing population health improvement efforts by illuminating the physical and social conditions impacting population physical activity outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E. Rogers
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4365, USA
| | - Michaela A. Schenkelberg
- School of Health and Kinesiology, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Peter Stoepker
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, 920 Denison Avenue, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Danielle Westmark
- Leon S. McGoogan Health Sciences Library, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986705 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6705, USA
| | - Deepa Srivastava
- Department of Child, Youth and Family Studies, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 840 N 14 Street, Lincoln, NE 68588-0236, USA
| | - David A. Dzewaltowski
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984365 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-4365, USA
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Desai S, Gonzalez T, Echeverria S, Vasquez E, Murillo R. The association between work-related activities and leisure-time physical activity among Latinos. ETHNICITY & HEALTH 2024; 29:423-434. [PMID: 38361374 DOI: 10.1080/13557858.2024.2311432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Latinos engage in high levels of occupational physical activity, yet low levels of leisure-time physical activity. Limited research has examined specific work-based activities that may contribute to leisure-time physical activity for meeting current physical activity recommendations among Latinos. The purpose of our study was to examine associations between frequency of work-related exertion and standing/walking with meeting the aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines among Latinos and whether associations varied by nativity. DESIGN We used cross-sectional 2015 National Health Interview Survey data on Latinos ≥18 years of age (n = 3162). Logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between the frequency of work-related activities with meeting the aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines. Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, Latino subpopulation, shift work, and nativity. We also examined whether associations varied by nativity. RESULTS In adjusted models, compared with those never engaging in exertion at work, participants always exerting themselves were significantly less likely to meet the aerobic activity guideline (Odds Ratio [OR]: 0.66, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.51-0.87). Compared with those never standing/walking at work, participants seldom standing/walking were also less likely to meet the aerobic activity guideline (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.34, 0.95). Models were adjusted for age, sex, education, Latino subpopulation, shift work, and nativity. When stratified by nativity, the patterns in the strength of the associations were similar, while differences were observed in the associations of work-related activities with meeting guidelines. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that engaging in higher frequency of exertion and standing/walking at work are associated with being less likely to meet the aerobic physical activity guideline during leisure time among Latinos, with variation observed in meeting guidelines by nativity. Insight into physical activities performed at work could inform efforts aimed at promoting recommended levels of physical activity among Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Desai
- Department of Psychiatric and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- University of Houston, Tilman J. Fertitta Family College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tailisha Gonzalez
- City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, New York City, NY, USA
- City University of New York (CUNY) Lehman College, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Echeverria
- Department of Public Health Education; Greensboro, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Vasquez
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Rensselaer, University of Albany State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Rosenda Murillo
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Bernstein EE, Wolfe EC, Huguenel BM, Wilhelm S. Lessons and Untapped Potential of Smartphone-Based Physical Activity Interventions for Mental Health: Narrative Review. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e45860. [PMID: 38488834 PMCID: PMC10981024 DOI: 10.2196/45860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity has well-known and broad health benefits, including antidepressive and anxiolytic effects. However, only approximately half of Americans meet even the minimum exercise recommendations. Individuals with anxiety, depression, or related conditions are even less likely to do so. With the advent of mobile sensors and phones, experts have quickly noted the utility of technology for the enhanced measurement of and intervention for physical activity. In addition to being more accessible than in-person approaches, technology-driven interventions may uniquely engage key mechanisms of behavior change such as self-awareness. OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide a narrative overview and specific recommendations for future research on smartphone-based physical activity interventions for psychological disorders or concerns. METHODS In this paper, we summarized early efforts to adapt and test smartphone-based or smartphone-supported physical activity interventions for mental health. The included articles described or reported smartphone-delivered or smartphone-supported interventions intended to increase physical activity or reduce sedentary behavior and included an emotional disorder, concern, or symptom as an outcome measure. We attempted to extract details regarding the intervention designs, trial designs, study populations, outcome measures, and inclusion of adaptations specifically for mental health. In taking a narrative lens, we drew attention to the type of work that has been done and used these exemplars to discuss key directions to build on. RESULTS To date, most studies have examined mental health outcomes as secondary or exploratory variables largely in the context of managing medical concerns (eg, cancer and diabetes). Few trials have recruited psychiatric populations or explicitly aimed to target psychiatric concerns. Consequently, although there are encouraging signals that smartphone-based physical activity interventions could be feasible, acceptable, and efficacious for individuals with mental illnesses, this remains an underexplored area. CONCLUSIONS Promising avenues for tailoring validated smartphone-based interventions include adding psychoeducation (eg, the relationship between depression, physical activity, and inactivity), offering psychosocial treatment in parallel (eg, cognitive restructuring), and adding personalized coaching. To conclude, we offer specific recommendations for future research, treatment development, and implementation in this area, which remains open and promising for flexible, highly scalable support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emma C Wolfe
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Brynn M Huguenel
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sabine Wilhelm
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Martinez-Gomez D, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Ding D, Ekelund U, Cabanas-Sanchez V. Trends in the association between meeting the physical activity guidelines and risk of mortality in US adults. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 83:116-123. [PMID: 38417772 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the trends in the association between meeting the physical activity (PA) guidelines and mortality in adults. METHODS We included seventeen annual representative samples of US adults 1998-2014 (n = 482,756) and all-cause and cause-specific mortality ascertained through December 2019. Participants were grouped according to PA Guidelines: 150 or more min/week in aerobic PA and muscle-strengthening activities 2 or more times/week. To provide further context, we also examined the trends in mortality risk associated with other modifiable health factors. RESULTS Meeting the PA guidelines was associated with lower 5-year mortality risk (HR = 0.59, 95%CI, 0.55, 0.63) based on the pooled analyses. We consistently observed an inverse association in all years, but there was a nonsignificant trend association (P for trend = 0.305) between meeting PA guidelines and 5-year mortality across the seventeen annual surveys. Meeting aerobic (HR = 0.58, 95%CI, 0.56, 0.61) and muscle-strengthening (HR = 0.86, 95%CI, 0.81, 0.90) guidelines were independently associated with 5-year mortality risk in pooled analyses, without any evidence for trends in the associations. Similar results were found with cause-specific mortality and 10-year mortality risk. In pooled analyses, attaining a high educational level, body mass index <30 kg/m2, being noncurrent smoker, nonheavy drinker, and living without history of hypertension and diabetes with 5-year mortality were 0.70 (95%CI, 0.67, 0.73), 1.19 (95%CI, 1.15, 1.23), 0.56 (95%CI, 0.54, 0.59), 0.85 (95%CI,0.79, 0.92), 0.91 (95%CI, 0.88-0.94) and 0.65 (95%CI, 0.88, 0.94), respectively. Only no history of diabetes showed a significant trend analysis (B = 0.77, 95%CI, 0.46, 0.91, P for trend <0.001). CONCLUSION Meeting PA guidelines lower mortality risk and this association does not seem to have varied over time. Encouraging adults to meet the PA guidelines may provide substantial health benefits, despite social, demographic and lifestyle changes, as well as the advances in medical technology and pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martinez-Gomez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPaz, and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Rodriguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPaz, and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ding Ding
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sports Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Veronica Cabanas-Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, IdiPaz, and CIBERESP (CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health), Madrid, Spain; IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Ji H, Gulati M, Huang TY, Kwan AC, Ouyang D, Ebinger JE, Casaletto K, Moreau KL, Skali H, Cheng S. Sex Differences in Association of Physical Activity With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:783-793. [PMID: 38383092 PMCID: PMC10984219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although physical activity is widely recommended for reducing cardiovascular and all-cause mortality risks, female individuals consistently lag behind male individuals in exercise engagement. OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to evaluate whether physical activity derived health benefits may differ by sex. METHODS In a prospective study of 412,413 U.S. adults (55% female, age 44 ± 17 years) who provided survey data on leisure-time physical activity, we examined sex-specific multivariable-adjusted associations of physical activity measures (frequency, duration, intensity, type) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality from 1997 through 2019. RESULTS During 4,911,178 person-years of follow-up, there were 39,935 all-cause deaths including 11,670 cardiovascular deaths. Regular leisure-time physical activity compared with inactivity was associated with 24% (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.73-0.80) and 15% (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.82-0.89) lower risk of all-cause mortality in women and men, respectively (Wald F = 12.0, sex interaction P < 0.001). Men reached their maximal survival benefit of HR 0.81 from 300 min/wk of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, whereas women achieved similar benefit at 140 min/wk and then continued to reach a maximum survival benefit of HR 0.76 also at ∼300 min/wk. Sex-specific findings were similar for cardiovascular death (Wald F = 20.1, sex interaction P < 0.001) and consistent across all measures of aerobic activity as well as muscle strengthening activity (Wald F = 6.7, sex interaction P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Women compared with men derived greater gains in all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk reduction from equivalent doses of leisure-time physical activity. These findings could enhance efforts to close the "gender gap" by motivating especially women to engage in any regular leisure-time physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Ji
- Tsinghua Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
| | - Martha Gulati
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tzu Yu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alan C Kwan
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David Ouyang
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Joseph E Ebinger
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kaitlin Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA; Eastern Colorado Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hicham Skali
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Hyde ET, Brown DR, Webber BJ, Piercy KL, Omura JD, Rose K, Whitfield GP. Meeting the Aerobic and Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity Guidelines Among Older US Adults, National Health Interview Survey 1998-2018. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241232930. [PMID: 38375621 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241232930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, second edition, recommends older adults participate in ≥150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity equivalent aerobic activity and ≥2 days per week of muscle-strengthening activity. We estimated prevalence and trends of meeting the guidelines among US adults aged ≥65 years from 1998 to 2018. Using the 1998-2018 National Health Interview Survey, we estimated the prevalence of meeting aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and combined physical activity guidelines stratified by age group, sex, race and ethnicity, and education level. Within age groups, we calculated prevalence differences by sociodemographic categories. Prevalence of meeting each guideline increased for all age groups and most sociodemographic subgroups. The increased magnitude of meeting the combined guideline from 1998-2000 to 2016-2018 differed across levels of educational attainment for most age groups. Despite increasing over time, the prevalence among older adults of meeting physical activity guidelines remains low (range for combined guideline: 7.2%-17.2%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Hyde
- The Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David R Brown
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bryant J Webber
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Katrina L Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John D Omura
- Division of Population Health, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ken Rose
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Geoffrey P Whitfield
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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9
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Ranjit N, Badillo DJ, Hoelscher DM, Macias S, Gonzalez A, Wilkinson AV. Racial/Ethnic Differences in Physical Activity in a Low-Income Sample in Texas. J Phys Act Health 2024; 21:22-28. [PMID: 37917980 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION National data reveal that the age-adjusted prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity is higher among Blacks and Hispanics compared with Whites. However, these estimates do not consider nonleisure physical activity (PA). Also, race/ethnicity in these findings may by confounded by socioeconomic status disparities in PA. Here, we examine racial/ethnic differences in multiple measures of PA within a lower socioeconomic status sample. METHODS Participants in the current cross-sectional study (n = 1526 adults, aged ≥ 18 y) were recruited from Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education classes (nutrition education classes that target low-income people) in Texas. Self-report data were obtained using survey questionnaires in spring and fall 2018. PA outcomes of 4 different intensities were assessed: mean daily time spent walking, engaging in moderate and vigorous PA, and sitting. Additional PA-related measures included use and awareness of community PA resources. Linear regression models examined racial/ethnic differences in the 4 PA outcomes after adjusting for participant gender, age, household composition measures, and various socioeconomic status measures. RESULTS In this low-income sample, Hispanic and Black participants spent 6 to 9 more minutes per day walking and engaging in moderate and vigorous PA compared with White/other participants (P < .05 for each measure). Conversely, White/other participants reported spending 82 more minutes sitting per day than Black and Hispanic participants (P < .01). Overall, Black participants were most likely to utilize community PA resources and report ease of engaging in exercise. DISCUSSION Together, these results reveal greater engagement in PA by racial/ethnic minorities in low-income communities compared with Whites. Our results have implications for tailoring PA programming to these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalini Ranjit
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - David J Badillo
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Deanna M Hoelscher
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sarah Macias
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Alejandra Gonzalez
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Anna V Wilkinson
- Michael and Susan Dell Center for Healthy Living, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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10
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Smith LE, Van Guilder GP, Dalleck LC, Lewis NR, Dages AG, Harris NK. A Preliminary Investigation into the Frequency Dose Effects of High-Intensity Functional Training on Cardiometabolic Health. J Sports Sci Med 2023; 22:688-699. [PMID: 38045746 PMCID: PMC10690508 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2023.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the effects of three weekly frequency doses of high-intensity functional training (HIFT) on an array of cardiometabolic markers in adults with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Twenty-one men and women, randomized into one (HIFT1), two (HIFT2), or three (HIFT3) days per week of HIFT, completed 3-weeks of familiarization plus a 12-week progressive training program. Pre- and post-intervention, several cardiometabolic, body composition, oxygen consumption, metabolic syndrome severity, and perceptions of fitness measurements were assessed. Additionally, an exercise enjoyment survey was administered post-intervention. A Cohen's d was used to demonstrate within-group change effect size. Although this study was not fully powered, a one-way and two-way ANOVA were used to compare the dose groups to provide provisional insights. No differences were found when frequency dose groups were compared. Many cardiometabolic, body composition, and fitness improvements were seen within each group, with clinically meaningful improvements in the metabolic syndrome severity score (MSSS) (HIFT1: -0.105, d = 0.28; HIFT2: -0.382, d = 1.20; HIFT3: -0.467, d = 1.07), waist circumference (HIFT1: -4.1cm, d = 3.33; HIFT2: -5.4cm, d = 0.89; HIFT3: -0.7cm, d = 0.20), and blood glucose (HIFT1: -9.5mg/dL, d = 0.98; HIFT2: -4.9mg/dL, d = 1.00; HIFT3: -1.7mg/dL, d = 0.23). All three groups similarly reported high exercise enjoyment and likeliness to continue after the intervention. In conclusion, HIFT performed once, twice, or thrice a week elicits improvements in MetS and is considered enjoyable. HIFT, even at a low weekly dose, therefore represents a potential strategy to reduce the global MetS burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie E Smith
- Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - Gary P Van Guilder
- Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - Lance C Dalleck
- Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - Nicole R Lewis
- Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - Allison G Dages
- Recreation, Exercise and Sport Science Department, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - Nigel K Harris
- Human Potential Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Kahan D. Physical Inactivity Prevalence in the Islamic World: An Updated Analysis of 47 Countries. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:1133-1142. [PMID: 37758262 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2023-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity prevalence estimates for youth and adults have been published on a global scale and for various geographical and geopolitical permutations. Only one such study has presented estimates for adults in Muslim countries, and it is nearly 10 years old. I conducted an update of this study by incorporating newer data, refining methods, and including youth estimates. METHODS I identified 47 Muslim countries with physical inactivity data for youth, adults, or both. Data were extracted by country primarily from global estimates reported by Guthold et al in 2018 and 2020 and from World Health Organization surveillance data repositories. Weighted prevalence calculations for total prevalence and by sex, ethnicity (Arab vs non-Arab), and country income group accounted for country population, study sample size, and a country's proportion of Muslims. Z tests and chi-square tests, and follow-up odds ratios and percentage deviations, respectively, were used to determine differences by sex, ethnicity, and country income group. RESULTS Overall physical inactivity prevalence was 84.2% (youth) and 29.6% (adults). Gaps favoring males over females were observed for youth (5.6% lower prevalence) and adults (9.6% lower prevalence). Gaps favoring non-Arabs over Arabs were observed for youth (3.9% lower) and adults (3.8% lower). No pattern emerged for country income group for youth; however, prevalence for adults trended upward across income groups from low (22.7%) to high (62.0%). CONCLUSIONS Gaps by sex and ethnicity have narrowed since the original report and prevalence values are somewhat higher than current global estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kahan
- Coastal Carolina University, Conway, SC, USA
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12
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Pham LT, Hernandez R, Spruijt-Metz D, Gonzalez JS, Pyatak EA. Movement matters: short-term impacts of physical activity on mood and well-being. J Behav Med 2023; 46:781-790. [PMID: 36939975 PMCID: PMC10026784 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the short-term, momentary relationships between physical activity (PA) and well-being. This study focuses on investigating the dynamic relationships between PA and affective well-being among adults with type 1 diabetes. Participants (n = 122) wore an accelerometer and completed daily EMA surveys of current activities and affective states (e.g., happy, stressed, excited, anxious) via smartphone over 14 days. Within-person, increased sedentary time was associated with less positive affect (r = - 0.11, p < 0.001), while more PA of any intensity was associated with greater positive affect and reduced fatigue, three hours later. Between-person, increased light PA was associated with increased stress (r = 0.21, p = 0.02) and diabetes distress (r = 0.30, p = 0.001). This study provides evidence that positive affect and fatigue are predicted by previous activity regardless of the different activities that people engaged in. Positive affect increased after engaging in PA. However, participants with higher amounts of light PA reported higher stress ratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loree T Pham
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, 1640 Marengo St., Suite 411, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
| | - Raymond Hernandez
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, 1640 Marengo St., Suite 411, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
- Dornslife Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Donna Spruijt-Metz
- Dornslife Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA , USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Jeffrey S Gonzalez
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, CA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth Ann Pyatak
- Mrs. T.H. Chan Division of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University of Southern California, 1640 Marengo St., Suite 411, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
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13
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Marell PS, Vierkant RA, Olson JE, Herrmann J, Larson NL, Lebrasseur NK, D’Andre SD, Ehlers DK, Stan DL, Cheville AL, Barksdale T, Loprinzi CL, Couch FJ, Ruddy KJ. Changes in amount and intensity of physical activity over time in breast cancer survivors. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2023; 7:pkad056. [PMID: 37561108 PMCID: PMC10471529 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity is associated with decreased breast cancer recurrence and mortality, as well as fewer treatment-related symptoms. Nevertheless, most breast cancer survivors do not meet physical activity guidelines. The purpose of this manuscript is to characterize physical activity trends over time in breast cancer survivors. METHODS Mayo Clinic Breast Disease Registry participants received surveys at baseline and at 1 and 4 years after diagnosis; breast cancer recurrence and/or metastatic disease were exclusion criteria. Participants were considered to be meeting guidelines if they self-reported at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity (eg, fast walking) and/or strenuous (eg, jogging) physical activity per week. Statistical analyses include analysis of covariance methods, paired t tests, conditional logistic regression models, and McNemar tests of homogeneity. RESULTS A total of 171 participants were included in the analysis. The amount of total physical activity decreased over time (P = .07). Mild-intensity physical activity (eg, easy walking) decreased most over time (P = .05). Among participants aged 18-49 years, mild-intensity (P = .05) and moderate-intensity (P = .02) physical activity decreased over time. Strenuous-intensity physical activity levels decreased over time among participants with a normal body mass index (P = .002) and with obesity (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS We found a trend-level decrease in total physical activity over time, driven mostly by a decrease in mild-intensity physical activity. Young breast cancer survivors are especially likely to reduce their physical activity over time. Further research on implementing physical activity guidelines in clinical practice is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina S Marell
- Community Internal Medicine, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Janet E Olson
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Nicole L Larson
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Diane K Ehlers
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Daniela L Stan
- General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrea L Cheville
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Toure Barksdale
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Fergus J Couch
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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14
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Bucciarelli V, Mattioli AV, Sciomer S, Moscucci F, Renda G, Gallina S. The Impact of Physical Activity and Inactivity on Cardiovascular Risk across Women's Lifespan: An Updated Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4347. [PMID: 37445383 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical inactivity (PI) represents a significant, modifiable risk factor that is more frequent and severe in the female population worldwide for all age groups. The physical activity (PA) gender gap begins early in life and leads to considerable short-term and long-term adverse effects on health outcomes, especially cardiovascular (CV) health. Our review aims to highlight the prevalence and mechanisms of PI across women's lifespan, describing the beneficial effects of PA in many physiological and pathological clinical scenarios and underlining the need for more awareness and global commitment to promote strategies to bridge the PA gender gap and limit PI in current and future female generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Bucciarelli
- Cardiovascular Sciences Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Vittoria Mattioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy
- National Institute for Cardiovascular Research-INRC, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Susanna Sciomer
- Department of Clinical and Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Rome 'Sapienza', Policlinico Umberto I, 49971 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Moscucci
- Department of Clinical and Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Rome 'Sapienza', Policlinico Umberto I, 49971 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Renda
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sabina Gallina
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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15
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Gottschall JS, Hastings B. A comparison of physiological intensity and psychological perceptions during three different group exercise formats. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1138605. [PMID: 37065806 PMCID: PMC10102604 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1138605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionPast research highlighted that group fitness is an ideal format to meet exercise prescription guidelines. To add, a group enhances exertion, enjoyment, and satisfaction. In the last five years, streaming (live classes on screen with other participants visible) and on demand (pre-recorded classes on screen without other participants visible) formats have grown in popularity. Our goal is to compare the physiological intensity and psychological perceptions of live group, live streaming, and non-live on demand classes. We hypothesize that live classes will have the greatest cardiovascular intensity, enjoyment, and satisfaction followed by streaming and finally on demand.MethodsFifty-four adults between 18–63 years, who regularly participate in group fitness classes, recorded their heart rate with a chest transmitter during a mixed-martial arts cardiovascular class on consecutive weeks in random order. We calculated the mean, identified the max, and extracted the top 300 values (5 min) for comparison between conditions.ResultsFollowing each class, the participants completed an online survey to evaluate their rate of perceived exertion, enjoyment, and satisfaction. Confirming our hypothesis, mean class heart rate and mean heart rate for the five minutes at the highest intensity were 9% greater during the live group format compared to both live streaming and non-live on demand (all values, p < 0.01). However, there was no difference in any heart rate variables between the streaming and on demand formats. Also, rate of perceived exertion, enjoyment, and satisfaction were all significantly greater during the live session compared to the home collections (all values, p < 0.05).DiscussionStreaming and on demand group fitness formats are viable options for meeting exercise prescription guidelines. But physiological intensity and psychological perceptions were greater during the live class format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinger S. Gottschall
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, United States
- Correspondence: Jinger S. Gottschall
| | - Bryce Hastings
- Health & Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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16
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Abildso CG, Daily SM, Umstattd Meyer MR, Perry CK, Eyler A. Prevalence of Meeting Aerobic, Muscle-Strengthening, and Combined Physical Activity Guidelines During Leisure Time Among Adults, by Rural-Urban Classification and Region - United States, 2020. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:443-446. [PMID: 36740195 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shay M Daily
- West Virginia University Office of Health Affairs, Morgantown, West Virginia; Institute for Behavioral Health, Brandeis University Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | | | - Cynthia K Perry
- Oregon Health & Science University, School of Nursing, Portland, Oregon
| | - Amy Eyler
- Prevention Research Center in St. Louis, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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17
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Abildso CG, Daily SM, Umstattd Meyer MR, Perry CK, Eyler A. Prevalence of Meeting Aerobic, Muscle-Strengthening, and Combined Physical Activity Guidelines During Leisure Time Among Adults, by Rural-Urban Classification and Region - United States, 2020. MMWR. MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT 2023; 72:85-89. [PMID: 36701252 PMCID: PMC9925130 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7204a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The healthful effects of physical activity on a multitude of physical and mental health outcomes are well documented (1). Despite promising increases in the percentage of U.S. adults meeting aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity guidelines (guidelines)* (1) during leisure time in nearly all demographic and regional subgroups 1998-2018 (2,3), differences by rurality and U.S. Census Bureau region (Northeast, Midwest, South, and West), persist (4). Before 2020, analyses of rural-urban differences were dichotomized into nonmetropolitan (rural) versus metropolitan (urban) areas; however, in 2020 a four-category rural-urban variable† to classify rural-urban status was included in the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) public-use dataset. NHIS 2020 data were used to conduct multivariate logistic regression analyses by rural-urban status and U.S. Census Bureau region of the prevalence of meeting the aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and combined aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines during leisure time among adults aged ≥18 years, controlling for demographic characteristics. Prevalence of meeting the aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and combined aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines was consistently the lowest in Nonmetropolitan counties (38.2%, 21.1%, and 16.1%, respectively) and highest in the West region (52.1%, 35.3%, and 28.5%, respectively). Regardless of rural-urban classification and region, no more than 28% of adults met combined aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines. Adults in the most rural category were significantly less likely to meet aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and combined guidelines than were adults in each of the three other categories (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] range = 0.68-0.89). In addition, adults in medium and small metropolitan counties were less likely to meet guidelines than were adults in the two most urban categories (aOR range = 0.85-0.89). Adults in the Northeast, Midwest, and South U.S. Census Bureau regions were less likely to meet guidelines than were adults in the West region (aOR range = 0.75-0.82). These analyses identify geographic disparities in leisure-time physical activity where focused population-level intervention efforts could help reduce or eliminate the consequent disparities in chronic conditions (e.g., cardiovascular diseases) and the resulting mortality (5,6).
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18
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Paluch AE, Bajpai S, Ballin M, Bassett DR, Buford TW, Carnethon MR, Chernofsky A, Dooley EE, Ekelund U, Evenson KR, Galuska DA, Jefferis BJ, Kong L, Kraus WE, Larson MG, Lee IM, Matthews CE, Newton RL, Nordström A, Nordström P, Palta P, Patel AV, Pettee Gabriel K, Pieper CF, Pompeii L, Rees-Punia E, Spartano NL, Vasan RS, Whincup PH, Yang S, Fulton JE. Prospective Association of Daily Steps With Cardiovascular Disease: A Harmonized Meta-Analysis. Circulation 2023; 147:122-131. [PMID: 36537288 PMCID: PMC9839547 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.061288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Taking fewer than the widely promoted "10 000 steps per day" has recently been associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality. The relationship of steps and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk remains poorly described. A meta-analysis examining the dose-response relationship between steps per day and CVD can help inform clinical and public health guidelines. METHODS Eight prospective studies (20 152 adults [ie, ≥18 years of age]) were included with device-measured steps and participants followed for CVD events. Studies quantified steps per day and CVD events were defined as fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were completed using study-specific quartiles and hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CI were meta-analyzed with inverse-variance-weighted random effects models. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 63.2±12.4 years and 52% were women. The mean follow-up was 6.2 years (123 209 person-years), with a total of 1523 CVD events (12.4 per 1000 participant-years) reported. There was a significant difference in the association of steps per day and CVD between older (ie, ≥60 years of age) and younger adults (ie, <60 years of age). For older adults, the HR for quartile 2 was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.69 to 0.93), 0.62 for quartile 3 (95% CI, 0.52 to 0.74), and 0.51 for quartile 4 (95% CI, 0.41 to 0.63) compared with the lowest quartile. For younger adults, the HR for quartile 2 was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.46 to 1.35), 0.90 for quartile 3 (95% CI, 0.64 to 1.25), and 0.95 for quartile 4 (95% CI, 0.61 to 1.48) compared with the lowest quartile. Restricted cubic splines demonstrated a nonlinear association whereby more steps were associated with decreased risk of CVD among older adults. CONCLUSIONS For older adults, taking more daily steps was associated with a progressively decreased risk of CVD. Monitoring and promoting steps per day is a simple metric for clinician-patient communication and population health to reduce the risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda E Paluch
- Department of Kinesiology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst (A.E.P., S.B., L.K.)
| | - Shivangi Bajpai
- Department of Kinesiology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst (A.E.P., S.B., L.K.)
| | - Marcel Ballin
- Departments of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unit of Geriatric Medicine (M.B., A.N., P.N.), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - David R Bassett
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville (D.R.B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Gerontology/Geriatrics/Palliative Care (T.W.B.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, AL (T.W.B.)
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL (M.R.C.)
| | - Ariel Chernofsky
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, MA (A.C., M.G.L.)
| | - Erin E Dooley
- Epidemiology (E.E.D.' K.P.G.), University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo (U.E.)
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo (U.E.)
| | - Kelly R Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill (K.R.E.)
| | - Deborah A Galuska
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (D.A.G., J.E.F.)
| | - Barbara J Jefferis
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom (B.J.J.)
| | - Lingsong Kong
- Department of Kinesiology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst (A.E.P., S.B., L.K.)
| | - William E Kraus
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Durham, NC (W.E.K.)
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.F.P.)
| | - Martin G Larson
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, MA (A.C., M.G.L.)
| | - I-Min Lee
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (I-M.L.)
| | - Charles E Matthews
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (C.E.M.)
| | - Robert L Newton
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (R.L.N., S.Y.)
| | - Anna Nordström
- Departments of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unit of Geriatric Medicine (M.B., A.N., P.N.), Umeå University, Sweden
- Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health (A.N.), Umeå University, Sweden
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø (A.N.)
| | - Peter Nordström
- Departments of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Unit of Geriatric Medicine (M.B., A.N., P.N.), Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Priya Palta
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York (P.P.)
| | - Alpa V Patel
- American Cancer Society, Population Science Department, Atlanta, GA (A.V.P., E.R-P.)
| | | | - Carl F Pieper
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC (W.E.K., C.F.P.)
| | - Lisa Pompeii
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Epidemiology and Population Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (L.P.)
| | - Erika Rees-Punia
- American Cancer Society, Population Science Department, Atlanta, GA (A.V.P., E.R-P.)
| | - Nicole L Spartano
- Departments of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Weight Management (N.L.S.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Medicine and Epidemiology (R.S.V.), Boston University School of Medicine, MA
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA (R.S.V.)
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's' University of London, United Kingdom (P.H.W.)
| | - Shengping Yang
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA (R.L.N., S.Y.)
| | - Janet E Fulton
- Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA (D.A.G., J.E.F.)
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Bodde AE, Helsel BC, Hastert M, Suire KB, Washburn RA, Donnelly JE, Ptomey LT. The prevalence of obesity and lifestyle behaviors of parents of youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Disabil Health J 2022:101430. [PMID: 36604240 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) may have a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity and poorer weight management behaviors compared to the general population. OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence of overweight/obesity and related socioeconomic and lifestyle factors including diet quality, physical activity, and reported health habits in parents of youth with IDD. METHODS We assessed: BMI (kg/m2), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), fruit and vegetable intake (FVI), parental diet and physical activity habits, and socioeconomic characteristics. Associations of BMI on MVPA and FVI were assessed with Spearman's correlation; differences in BMI by parental diet and physical activity habits were assessed with Kruskall-Wallis tests; and the relationships of BMI to household income, race, and education were assessed with Kendall Tau-b and Mann Whitney U tests. RESULTS Data was obtained from 110 parents (97.3% female) who were study partners for their adolescents/young adults with IDD participating in a weight loss clinical trial. Approximately 81% of parents were overweight or obese (25.7% overweight, 55.1% obese), with 46.3% and 20% meeting the recommended U.S. guidelines for MVPA and FVI, respectively. Higher FVI and higher income were significantly associated with lower parent BMI. BMI was significantly lower in parents who reported to be physically active and choose healthy food. CONCLUSION We observed a high prevalence of overweight/obesity, low FVI and low levels of MVPA in parents of adolescents with IDD. These observations suggest that interventions designed to address these factors have the potential to improve the health and wellbeing of both parents and adolescents with IDD. CLINICAL TRIALS NUMBER NCT02561754.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Bodde
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Brian C Helsel
- Department of Neurology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Mary Hastert
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA; Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Kameron B Suire
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Richard A Washburn
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Joseph E Donnelly
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Lauren T Ptomey
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
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20
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Testing Leash Walking Training as a Physical Activity Intervention for Older Adult Dog Owners: A Feasibility Study. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:geriatrics7060120. [PMID: 36412609 PMCID: PMC9680302 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7060120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dog walking is a physical activity (PA) with many health benefits for older adults. Dog behavior issues can be a barrier to dog walking. This study piloted leash manners training as a PA intervention for dog owners ages 60+ years. Fourteen dog owners (mean age = 65 years, female = 71%) enrolled in a leash manners training course. Process evaluation data were collected to determine feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and study procedures. Twelve of fourteen enrolled participants (86%) completed the course, and most were highly engaged with the program, as evidenced by high class attendance (92% of participants who completed the course attended ≥5 of 6 classes) and a majority (64%) reporting frequent skills practice at home. Further, most participants (73%) reported their leash walking skills improved. The PA assessment protocol (7 days of 24 h data collection using activPAL monitors) was well tolerated, with all participants who completed assessments at each time point (pre-program, post-program, 4-week follow-up) providing ≥6 valid days of data. In sum, the intervention approach and study procedures were feasible and acceptable in this sample of older adults. More research is needed to determine the effectiveness of leash manners training for increasing PA in this population.
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21
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Huang J, Li M, McPhillips MV, Lukkahatai N, Li J. Association of Sleep and Physical Activity Among Older Adults and the Moderation of Chronotype. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2022; 97:35-51. [PMID: 36217729 DOI: 10.1177/00914150221128974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the associations of both subjectively and objectively measured sleep with physical activity among older adults and to explore the possible moderating role of chronotype in these associations. We included baseline data of 116 community-dwelling older adults without dementia from three prior studies. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Actigraphy were used as subjective and objective sleep measures, respectively. Physical activity was assessed by the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly. The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire was used to measure chronotype, which was further dichotomized into morning type and non-morning type. Multiple linear regressions were performed to examine the associations, controlling for demographic and health characteristics. We found that better subjective sleep quality, shorter actigraphy sleep duration, and higher actigraphy sleep efficiency were uniquely associated with greater physical activity. Being a morning type might alleviate the adverse association between poor subjective sleep quality and physical activity among older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- School of Nursing, 1466John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mengchi Li
- School of Nursing, 1466John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nada Lukkahatai
- School of Nursing, 1466John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Junxin Li
- School of Nursing, 1466John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Patnode CD, Redmond N, Iacocca MO, Henninger M. Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults Without Known Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2022; 328:375-388. [PMID: 35881116 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.7408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Unhealthful dietary patterns, low levels of physical activity, and high sedentary time increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE To synthesize the evidence on benefits and harms of behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity in adults without known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors to inform a US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through February 2021, with ongoing surveillance through February 2022. STUDY SELECTION Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of behavioral counseling interventions targeting improved diet, increased physical activity, or decreased sedentary time among adults without known elevated blood pressure, elevated lipid levels, or impaired fasting glucose. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Independent data abstraction and study quality rating and random effects meta-analysis. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES CVD events, CVD risk factors, diet and physical activity measures, and harms. RESULTS One-hundred thirteen RCTs were included (N = 129 993). Three RCTs reported CVD-related outcomes: 1 study (n = 47 179) found no significant differences between groups on any CVD outcome at up to 13.4 years of follow-up; a combined analysis of the other 2 RCTs (n = 1203) found a statistically significant association of the intervention with nonfatal CVD events (hazard ratio, 0.27 [95% CI, 0.08 to 0.88]) and fatal CVD events (hazard ratio, 0.31 [95% CI, 0.11 to 0.93]) at 4 years. Diet and physical activity behavioral counseling interventions were associated with small, statistically significant reductions in continuous measures of blood pressure (systolic mean difference, -0.8 [95% CI, -1.3 to -0.3]; 23 RCTs [n = 57 079]; diastolic mean difference, -0.4 [95% CI, -0.8 to -0.0]; 24 RCTs [n = 57 148]), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (mean difference, 2.2 mg/dL [95% CI, -3.8 to -0.6]; 15 RCTs [n = 6350]), adiposity-related outcomes (body mass index mean difference, -0.3 [95% CI, -0.5 to -0.1]; 27 RCTs [n = 59 239]), dietary outcomes, and physical activity at 6 months to 1.5 years of follow-up vs control conditions. There was no evidence of greater harm among intervention vs control groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Healthy diet and physical activity behavioral counseling interventions for persons without a known risk of CVD were associated with small but statistically significant benefits across a variety of important intermediate health outcomes and small to moderate effects on dietary and physical activity behaviors. There was limited evidence regarding the long-term health outcomes or harmful effects of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie D Patnode
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Nadia Redmond
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Megan O Iacocca
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michelle Henninger
- Kaiser Permanente Evidence-based Practice Center, Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Portland, Oregon
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23
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Smith LE, Van Guilder GP, Dalleck LC, Harris NK. The effects of high-intensity functional training on cardiometabolic risk factors and exercise enjoyment in men and women with metabolic syndrome: study protocol for a randomized, 12-week, dose-response trial. Trials 2022; 23:182. [PMID: 35232475 PMCID: PMC8887188 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) are at a greater risk for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) than those without MetS, due to underlying endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Exercise is an effective primary and secondary prevention strategy for MetS; however, less than 25% of adults meet the minimum stated public recommendations. Barriers often identified are lack of enjoyment and lack of time. High-intensity functional training (HIFT), a time-efficient modality of exercise, has shown some potential to elicit positive affectivity and elicit increased fitness and improved glucose metabolism. However, the effects of HIFT on dyslipidemia and endothelial dysfunction have not been explored nor have the effects been explored in a population with MetS. Additionally, no studies have investigated the minimal dose of HIFT per week to see clinically meaningful changes in cardiometabolic health. The purpose of this study is to (1) determine the dose-response effect of HIFT on blood lipids, insulin resistance, and endothelial function and (2) determine the dose-response effect of HIFT on body composition, fitness, and perceived enjoyment and intention to continue the exercise. Methods/design In this randomized, dose-response trial, participants will undergo a 12-week HIFT intervention of either 1 day/week, 2 days/week, or 3 days/week of supervised, progressive exercise. Outcomes assessed at baseline and post-intervention will be multiple cardiometabolic markers, and fitness. Additionally, the participant’s affective response will be measured after the intervention. Discussion The findings of this research will provide evidence on the minimal dose of HIFT per week to see clinically meaningful improvements in the risk factors of MetS, as well as whether this modality is likely to mitigate the barriers to exercise. If an effective dose of HIFT per week is determined and if this modality is perceived positively, it may provide exercise specialists and health care providers a tool to prevent and treat MetS. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05001126. August 11, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Smith
- Department of Recreation, Exercise, and Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA.
| | - G P Van Guilder
- Department of Recreation, Exercise, and Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - L C Dalleck
- Department of Recreation, Exercise, and Sport Science, Western Colorado University, Gunnison, CO, USA
| | - N K Harris
- Health and Environmental Sciences Department, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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24
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Watson KB, Whitfield G, Chen TJ, Hyde ET, Omura JD. Trends in Aerobic and Muscle-Strengthening Physical Activity by Race/Ethnicity Across Income Levels Among US Adults, 1998-2018. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:S45-S52. [PMID: 34465650 PMCID: PMC8743873 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although disparities in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) participation by race/ethnicity and income are known, the combined association of these characteristics with LTPA participation is less understood. This study aims to describe trends and determine whether racial/ethnic differences in adult physical activity by income level have changed over the past 2 decades. METHODS The authors estimated LTPA participation (outcomes: any aerobic activity, meeting the aerobic activity guideline, meeting the muscle-strengthening guideline, and meeting the combined aerobic and muscle-strengthening guidelines) among adults ≥18 years by race/ethnicity across income levels using 1998-2018 National Health Interview Survey data in 3-year aggregates. They also tested for trends, prevalence differences, and difference in differences using logistic regression. RESULTS LTPA participation increased from 1998-2000 to 2016-2018 for all outcomes for non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic adults at all income levels. Disparities narrowed for some groups but persisted between white and racial/ethnic minority groups across income levels for engaging in any aerobic activity and meeting the aerobic guideline (0.2-8.8 percentage point difference in differences). Disparities in meeting the muscle-strengthening and combined guidelines were less common. CONCLUSIONS Opportunities exist to ensure that adults, particularly members of lower income racial/ethnic minority groups, have support to help them participate in LTPA.
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Ussery EN, Whitfield GP, Fulton JE, Galuska DA, Matthews CE, Katzmarzyk PT, Carlson SA. Trends in Self-Reported Sitting Time by Physical Activity Levels Among US Adults, NHANES 2007/2008-2017/2018. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:S74-S83. [PMID: 34465647 PMCID: PMC8477754 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of sedentary behavior and physical inactivity increase the risk of premature mortality and several chronic diseases. Monitoring national trends and correlates of sedentary behavior and physical inactivity can help identify patterns of risk in the population over time. METHODS The authors used self-reported data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007/2008-2017/2018) to estimate trends in US adults' mean daily sitting time, overall, and stratified by levels of leisure-time and multidomain physical activity, and in the joint prevalence of high sitting time (>8 h/d) and physical inactivity. Trends were tested using orthogonal polynomial contrasts. RESULTS Overall, mean daily sitting time increased by 19 minutes from 2007/2008 (332 min/d) to 2017/2018 (351 min/d) (Plinear < .05; Pquadratic < .05). The highest point estimate occurred in 2013/2014 (426 min/d), with a decreasing trend observed after this point (Plinear < .05). Similar trends were observed across physical activity levels and domains, with one exception: an overall linear increase was not observed among sufficiently active adults. The mean daily sitting time was lowest among highly active adults compared with less active adults when using the multidomain physical activity measure. CONCLUSIONS Sitting time among adults increased over the study period but decreased in recent years.
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26
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Whitfield GP, Ussery EN, Saint-Maurice PF, Carlson SA. Trends in Aerobic Physical Activity Participation Across Multiple Domains Among US Adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007/2008 to 2017/2018. J Phys Act Health 2021; 18:S64-S73. [PMID: 34225255 PMCID: PMC10911582 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2021-0173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how participation is changing across domains of physical activity is important for monitoring progress and informing promotion efforts. The authors examined changes in physical activity participation in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007/2008 to 2017/2018. METHODS The prevalence of inactivity, insufficient activity, and meeting the aerobic physical activity guideline in multidomain physical activity and each domain (leisure time, occupational/household, and transportation) was estimated for each cycle and stratified by selected characteristics. The authors tested trends over time and overall changes (2017/2018 vs 2007/2008). RESULTS For multidomain physical activity, the prevalence of inactivity decreased linearly; meeting the aerobic guideline increased nonmonotonically, and the 2017/2018 prevalence (68.1%) was higher than 2007/2008 (64.1%). Similar findings were observed for adults aged ≥65 years, non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, high school graduates, and adults with obesity. Domain-specific results varied, but decreasing trends in inactivity and increasing trends in meeting the guideline were consistently observed across subgroups for occupational/household activity. Meeting the guideline through transportation activity was rare. CONCLUSIONS Increases in meeting the guideline and decreases in inactivity in multidomain activity and selected domains are encouraging results, especially among subgroups historically reporting low activity participation. Activity promotion efforts are important to maintain progress, and the transportation domain may be an underutilized source of physical activity.
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