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Huang W, Wong TL. Exercise prescriptions for young people's emotional wellbeing: a systematic review of physical activity intensity, duration, and modality. Front Psychol 2025; 16:1552531. [PMID: 40242739 PMCID: PMC11999968 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1552531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2025] [Indexed: 04/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Objective Physical activity (PA) is beneficial to the body and effective in promoting mental health and social relationships, which is one of the most important ways to enhance the quality of life. This review investigated the effects of PA in intensity, duration, and exercise modality on young people's mood. Methods Adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, this study conducted a meticulous search across the Web of Science, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus from May to July 2024, and participants aged between 13 and 28 were specified for inclusion in the study. The search yielded 942 titles and abstracts, and subsequent screening according to the criteria led to the inclusion of 20 studies, with 11 focusing on exercise intensity, four on duration, and five on exercise modality. Results Exercise of different intensities and durations had different effects on mood, with moderate intensity having the most significant effect on mood. In terms of duration, exercise lasting 10-30 min was more effective in improving positive mood. In addition, the effects of different modalities of exercise on mood also vary, with current research focusing more on the effects of aerobic exercise on mood. Conclusion PA can have a positive impact on mental health that varies by intensity, duration, and modality of exercise; moderate intensity and 30 min of exercise tend to result in the most positive emotions. More research could be conducted in the future in different anaerobic exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Huang
- Department of Education and Social Work, The University of Sydney, Darlington, NSW, Australia
| | - Tong Lam Wong
- School of Curriculum Teaching & Inclusive Education, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Ludyga S, Bruggisser F, Leuenberger R, Ishihara T, Kamijo K, Brotzmann M, Trescher S, Förster M, Gerber M. Acute effects of exercise on gaze fixation and affective response inhibition in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomized cross-over study. Autism Res 2024; 17:1934-1943. [PMID: 39212128 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show impairments in response inhibition, especially in socio-emotional contexts. A single aerobic exercise session has the potential to temporarily reduce such impairments as findings from neurotypical children support acute benefits of this exercise type for inhibitory control and emotion recognition. In children with ASD, we therefore aimed to investigate the effects of an aerobic exercise bout on response inhibition in an emotional Go/NoGo task and gaze fixation as possible mechanism underlying changes in performance. Using a cross-over design, 29 patients completed a 20-min aerobic exercise bout at moderate intensity on a cycling ergometer and a control condition in a randomized order. An emotional Go/NoGo task was administered before and after both experimental conditions. Eye-tracking was performed during the cognitive task to assess the duration of gaze fixation of eyes and mouth parts of faces expressing happy or sad emotions. The results support no beneficial effect of exercise on performance on the emotional Go/NoGo task. Instead, patients showed a greater decrease in accuracy on Go trials displaying happy faces in the exercise compared to the control condition. This change was associated with a more pronounced decrease in the fixation duration of the eyes for faces expressing either happy or sad emotions. In conclusion, while a single session of moderately intense aerobic exercise does not affect response inhibition, it temporarily aggravates ASD-specific deficits in the processing of and response to facial emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Bruggisser
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Leuenberger
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Toru Ishihara
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keita Kamijo
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mark Brotzmann
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Trescher
- Children and Youth Psychiatry, Psychiatric Clinics Baselland, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Förster
- Children and Youth Psychiatry, Psychiatric Clinics Baselland, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Ludyga S, Gerber M, Bruggisser F, Leuenberger R, Brotzmann M, Trescher S, Förster M, Zou L, Herbrecht E, Hanke M. A randomized cross-over trial investigating the neurocognitive effects of acute exercise on face recognition in children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism Res 2023; 16:1630-1639. [PMID: 37353966 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Difficulties in face recognition contribute to social-cognitive problems in autistic children. Evidence on behavioral interventions targeting this cognitive domain is limited. In non-autistic individuals, a single exercise session is known to elicit temporary benefits for several cognitive functions. Our study investigates whether acute aerobic exercise influences face recognition in autistic children. In a randomized order, 29 participants completed a 20-min moderately-intense cycling bout on an ergometer and a control condition. Before and after each condition, participants categorized Mooney faces and instruments during a computerized cognitive task. Simultaneously, the N170 component of event-related potentials and pupil size were recorded using electroencephalography and eyetracking, respectively. As indicated by a greater increase of reaction time in the exercise compared to the control condition, the results revealed impaired face recognition following aerobic exercise. This effect was accompanied by a lower decrease of the positive N170 amplitude and a trend towards a greater constriction of the pupil size in the exercise compared to the control condition. Our findings highlight the interplay of the physiological state and face recognition in autistic children. Exercise-induced impairments in this social-cognitive ability may be due to an interference with the learning effect that is typically seen for the structural encoding of faces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Bruggisser
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rahel Leuenberger
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mark Brotzmann
- University Children's Hospital Basel (UKBB), Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Liye Zou
- School of Psychology, Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, Shenzhen University, China
| | | | - Manuel Hanke
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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The Relationship between Psychological Stress and Emotional State in Chinese University Students during COVID-19: The Moderating Role of Physical Exercise. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11050695. [PMID: 36900700 PMCID: PMC10001233 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11050695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between psychological stress and the emotional state of Chinese college students and the moderating effect of physical exercise. METHODS Students in a university in Jiangsu Province were randomly selected for the survey, and questionnaires were administered using the Physical Activity Rating Scale, the Profile of Mood States, and the Chinese College Student Psychological Stress Scale. A total of 715 questionnaires were distributed, and 494 valid questionnaires were returned. Among the students, there were 208 (42.1%) males and 286 (57.9%) females, with a mean age of 19.27 years (SD = 1.06). RESULTS We found a significant negative correlation between physical exercise and psychological stress (r = -0.637, p < 0.001); a significant negative correlation between physical exercise and emotional state (r = -0.032, p < 0.001); and a significant positive correlation between psychological stress and emotional state (r = 0.51, p < 0.001). Physical exercise negatively moderates the relationship between psychological stress and emotional state (B = -0.012, p < 0.01, ΔR2 = 0.007). CONCLUSION Physical exercise is negatively correlated with both emotional state and psychological stress. Physical exercise can reduce the influence of psychological stress on emotional state and promote emotional health.
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Li J, Huang Z, Si W, Shao T. The Effects of Physical Activity on Positive Emotions in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14185. [PMID: 36361067 PMCID: PMC9657539 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive emotions help children and adolescents develop good personalities and interpersonal relationships. Evidence shows that participation in physical activity is associated with positive emotions in young people. However, there is still a lack of studies on the effects of physical activity on positive emotions in children and adolescents. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effects of physical activity on positive emotions in children and adolescents. METHODS Online databases (Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and APA PsycInfo) were searched from inception to August 2022. RESULT A total of 24 articles were eventually included representing 3907 participants from 14 different countries. Overall, the effect of physical activity interventions on positive emotions was significant. The studies revealed that positive emotions were statistically better in the physical activity participation group than in the control group without physical activity (SMD = 0.62, 95% CI: (0.24, 1.01), (p < 0.01). Based on subgroup analyses, we found that participation in aerobic exercise for 30-60 min in adolescents aged ≥12 years had a more significant intervention effect on positive emotions. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the moods of children and adolescents who participate in physical activity significantly improved compared with the moods of those who do not participate in physical activity. The age, exercise type, and exercise duration of adolescents are important factors influencing the positive emotions resulting from physical activity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Zan Huang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Wenna Si
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
| | - Tianyi Shao
- College of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
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Ludyga S, Ishihara T, Kamijo K. The Nervous System as a Pathway for Exercise to Improve Social Cognition. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2022; 50:203-212. [PMID: 35749761 PMCID: PMC9470049 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The promotion of autonomic balance and social brain networks may explain the association of endurance exercise and social cognition. Specific nervous system functions and the regulating roles of oxytocin have evolved because of the necessity to negotiate increasingly complex social systems. We hypothesize that acute and long-term physical activity and exercise have the potential to benefit social cognitive abilities, such as emotion recognition and regulation, by operating on these functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise & Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Toru Ishihara
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Japan
| | - Keita Kamijo
- Faculty of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Chukyo University, Japan
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7
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Duriez P, Guy-Rubin A, Kaya Lefèvre H, Gorwood P. Morphing analysis of facial emotion recognition in anorexia nervosa: association with physical activity. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1053-1061. [PMID: 34213746 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01254-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anorexia Nervosa (AN) has been linked to emotion processing inefficiencies, social cognition difficulties and emotion dysregulation, but data on Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) are heterogenous and inconclusive. This study aims to explore FER in patients with AN using a dynamic and ecological evaluation, and its relationship with Physical Activity (PA), an important aspect of AN that could impact emotional processing. METHODS Sixty-six participants (33 patients with AN and 33 healthy controls) performed a morphed facial emotional recognition task and 49 of them wore an accelerometer during seven days to assess PA. Axis-I disorders and depressive symptoms have been assessed. RESULTS No difference was found regarding time to recognize facial emotions. However, patients with AN correctly recognize emotions more frequently than controls. This was specific to disgust, although there was also a tendency for sadness. Among patients, higher depressive scores are associated with a faster and more accurate recognition of disgust, while a higher level of PA is associated to decreased accuracy in recognizing sadness. CONCLUSION Patients with AN are capable of recognizing facial emotions as accurately as controls, but could have a higher sensitivity in recognizing negative emotions, especially disgust and sadness. PA has opposite effects and, thus, could be considered as an emotional regulation strategy against negative affect. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II Controlled trial without randomization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philibert Duriez
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, CMME, 1 rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université de Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Guy-Rubin
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, CMME, 1 rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Héline Kaya Lefèvre
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, CMME, 1 rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, LPPS, 92100, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.
| | - Philip Gorwood
- GHU Paris Psychiatrie Et Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, CMME, 1 rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France.,Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), Université de Paris, INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
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Gerber M, Kellmann M, Lang C, Brand S, Gygax B, Ludyga S, Müller C, Ramseyer S, Jakowski S. Potential Prevalence, Pattern, and Risk Factors of Insomnia Symptoms in Adolescent Elite Athletes. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR SPORTPSYCHOLOGIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1026/1612-5010/a000366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Sleep disorders are an important issue among elite athletes. In this study, we used data from two studies to examine the prevalence, pattern, and risk factors of insomnia symptoms among adolescent elite athletes. We assessed insomnia symptoms using the Insomnia Severity Index. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe insomnia varied between 5 – 11 %, with 36 – 54 % of the athletes reporting subthreshold insomnia and 61 – 73 % perceiving at least one insomnia symptom. Female participants were more prone to report insomnia symptoms. Dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions were the most critical risk factor. We identified three groups with distinct insomnia symptom patterns via latent class analyses: 43 % of the participants were characterized as healthy sleepers, 45 % reported medium sleep without heightened concerned about sleep problems, and 12 % reported poor sleep and were substantially worried/distressed about their impaired sleep. More information is needed on how dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions can be influenced to improve athletes’ sleep and to foster their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kellmann
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Christin Lang
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
- Center of Affective, Stress, and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), University of Basel, Switzerland
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, and Sleep Disorders Research Center,Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Basil Gygax
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caspar Müller
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Ramseyer
- Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Jakowski
- Faculty of Sport Science, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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9
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Ludyga S, Gerber M, Brand S, Möhring W, Pühse U. Do different cognitive domains mediate the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and adolescents' off-task behaviour in the classroom? BRITISH JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 92:194-211. [PMID: 34254665 PMCID: PMC9291588 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence suggests that adolescents’ moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with less off‐task behaviour in the classroom. However, the contribution of cognitive functions to this relation still remains unclear. Executive function and aspects of social cognition, which appear to be correlated with MVPA, have been found to determine academic behaviours. Aim This study examines the direct association between MVPA and off‐task behaviour as well as mediations by different cognitive domains. Sample Forty‐six‐male and 67‐female adolescents aged 13.0 ± 1.3 years were recruited from local schools. Methods Participants recalled their MVPA. Using video cameras, their classroom behaviours were recorded and a 6‐min period was rated for off‐task behaviour. Additionally, participants completed a modified Flanker task, which assessed both inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, a Sternberg paradigm, which assessed working memory, and an Emotion Recognition task. Results Path‐analyses revealed that higher MVPA was associated with less off‐task behaviour. Inhibitory control accounted for a partial mediation of this association. The mediating role of inhibitory control was most pronounced for the relation between MVPA and off‐task behaviours related to noise. Conclusion These findings provide a first indication that curricular and extracurricular physical activities targeting specific improvements in inhibitory control may promise transfer effects to classroom behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Switzerland.,Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Switzerland.,Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Basel, Switzerland.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Wenke Möhring
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Switzerland
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10
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Brylka A, Wolke D, Ludyga S, Bilgin A, Spiegler J, Trower H, Gkiouleka A, Gerber M, Brand S, Grob A, Weber P, Heinonen K, Kajantie E, Räikkönen K, Lemola S. Physical Activity, Mental Health, and Well-Being in Very Pre-Term and Term Born Adolescents: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis of Two Accelerometry Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041735. [PMID: 33579022 PMCID: PMC7916780 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined whether physical activity is associated with better mental health and well-being among very preterm (≤32 weeks) and term born (≥37 weeks) adolescents alike or whether the associations are stronger in either of the groups. Physical activity was measured with accelerometry in children born very preterm and at term in two cohorts, the Basel Study of Preterm Children (BSPC; 40 adolescents born ≤32 weeks of gestation and 59 term born controls aged 12.3 years) and the Millennium Cohort Study (MCS; 45 adolescents born ≤32 weeks of gestation and 3137 term born controls aged 14.2 years on average). In both cohorts, emotional and behavioral problems were mother-reported using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Subjective well-being was self-reported using the Kidscreen-52 Questionnaire in the BSPC and single items in the MCS. Hierarchical regressions with ‘preterm status × physical activity’-interaction effects were subjected to individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. IPD meta-analysis showed that higher levels of physical activity were associated with lower levels of peer problems, and higher levels of psychological well-being, better self-perception/body image, and school related well-being. Overall, the effect-sizes were small and the associations did not differ significantly between very preterm and term born adolescents. Future research may examine the mechanisms behind effects of physical activity on mental health and wellbeing in adolescence as well as which type of physical activity might be most beneficial for term and preterm born children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asteria Brylka
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (A.B.); (D.W.); (A.B.); (J.S.); (H.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (A.B.); (D.W.); (A.B.); (J.S.); (H.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Sciences Section, University of Basel, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (S.L.); (M.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Ayten Bilgin
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (A.B.); (D.W.); (A.B.); (J.S.); (H.T.); (A.G.)
- School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NP, UK
| | - Juliane Spiegler
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (A.B.); (D.W.); (A.B.); (J.S.); (H.T.); (A.G.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hayley Trower
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (A.B.); (D.W.); (A.B.); (J.S.); (H.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Gkiouleka
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (A.B.); (D.W.); (A.B.); (J.S.); (H.T.); (A.G.)
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Sciences Section, University of Basel, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (S.L.); (M.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Serge Brand
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Sport Sciences Section, University of Basel, CH-4052 Basel, Switzerland; (S.L.); (M.G.); (S.B.)
- Psychiatric Clinics, Center for Affective, Stress, and Sleep Disorders, University of Basel, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran 1417863181, Iran
| | - Alexander Grob
- Department of Psychology, University of Basel, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Peter Weber
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Developmental Medicine, University Children’s Hospital Basel, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland;
| | - Kati Heinonen
- Department of Psychology & Logopedics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.H.); (K.R.)
- Psychology/Welfare Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- National Institute of Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland;
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
- Children’s Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital and the University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology & Logopedics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (K.H.); (K.R.)
| | - Sakari Lemola
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK; (A.B.); (D.W.); (A.B.); (J.S.); (H.T.); (A.G.)
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- Correspondence:
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11
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Limbers CA, McCollum C, Greenwood E. Physical activity moderates the association between parenting stress and quality of life in working mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Ment Health Phys Act 2020; 19:100358. [PMID: 33072187 PMCID: PMC7548083 DOI: 10.1016/j.mhpa.2020.100358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Working mothers are a population experiencing heightened levels of parenting stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the associations between parenting stress, quality of life, and physical activity in a national sample of working mothers who endorsed having been forced to work from home full-time due to the COVID-19 pandemic and examine if physical activity moderates the association between parenting stress and quality of life in this sample of working mothers. METHODS Participants in this cross-sectional study were 200 full-time working mothers from the United States (mean age = 33.50 years; SD = 6.25; 70.0% White). Participants were recruited from a Qualtrics research panel and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short-Form, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale-Brief Version, the Parental Stress Scale, and a demographic questionnaire. RESULTS After controlling for socio-demographic variables (i.e., maternal marital status, annual income, maternal highest level of education), greater parenting stress was associated with poorer maternal quality of life across domains (standardized beta coefficients ranged from -0.26 to -0.47; p < .001). The interaction between parenting stress and moderate intensity physical activity was associated with social relationships quality of life and environment quality of life (standardized beta coefficients ranged from 0.15 to 0.17; p < .05) in our sample of working mothers. The negative effect of parenting stress on maternal social relationships and environmental quality of life was weaker for working mothers who engaged in higher levels of moderate intensity physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that moderate intensity physical activity may attenuate the negative impact of parenting stress on social relationships and satisfaction with one's environment in working mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina McCollum
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, United States
| | - Emma Greenwood
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, United States
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12
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Ávila-Gandía V, Alarcón F, Perales JC, López-Román FJ, Luque-Rubia AJ, Cárdenas D. Dissociable Effects of Executive Load on Perceived Exertion and Emotional Valence during Submaximal Cycling. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17155576. [PMID: 32748826 PMCID: PMC7432348 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17155576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endurance physical exercise is accompanied by subjective perceptions of exertion (reported perceived exertion, RPE), emotional valence, and arousal. These constructs have been hypothesized to serve as the basis for the exerciser to make decisions regarding when to stop, how to regulate pace, and whether or not to exercise again. In dual physical-cognitive tasks, the mental (executive) workload generated by the cognitive task has been shown to influence these perceptions, in ways that could also influence exercise-related decisions. In the present work, we intend to replicate and extend previous findings that manipulating the amount of executive load imposed by a mental task, performed concomitantly with a submaximal cycling session, influenced emotional states but not perceived exertion. Participants (experienced triathletes) were asked to perform a submaximal cycling task in two conditions with different executive demands (a two-back version of the n-back task vs. oddball) but equated in external physical load. Results showed that the higher executive load condition elicited more arousal and less positive valence than the lower load condition. However, both conditions did not differ in RPE. This experimental dissociation suggests that perceived exertion and its emotional correlates are not interchangeable, which opens the possibility that they could play different roles in exercise-related decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Ávila-Gandía
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Catholic University San Antonio, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (V.Á.-G.); (F.J.L.-R.); (A.J.L.-R.)
| | - Francisco Alarcón
- Department of General and Specific Didactics, Faculty of Education, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - José C. Perales
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - F. Javier López-Román
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Catholic University San Antonio, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (V.Á.-G.); (F.J.L.-R.); (A.J.L.-R.)
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio J. Luque-Rubia
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Catholic University San Antonio, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (V.Á.-G.); (F.J.L.-R.); (A.J.L.-R.)
| | - David Cárdenas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Ludyga S, Schilling R, Colledge F, Brand S, Pühse U, Gerber M. Association between cardiorespiratory fitness and social cognition in healthy adults. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2020; 30:1722-1728. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - René Schilling
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Flora Colledge
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Uwe Pühse
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health University of Basel Basel Switzerland
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14
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Aguirre-Loaiza H, Arenas J, Arias I, Franco-Jímenez A, Barbosa-Granados S, Ramos-Bermúdez S, Ayala-Zuluaga F, Núñez C, García-Mas A. Effect of Acute Physical Exercise on Executive Functions and Emotional Recognition: Analysis of Moderate to High Intensity in Young Adults. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2774. [PMID: 31920823 PMCID: PMC6937985 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise (PE) is associated with cognitive changes and brain function. However, it is required to clarify the effect of PE in different intensities, population groups conditions and the EF duration over different cognitive domains. Besides, no studies are known to have evaluated the contextual emotional recognition. Therefore, we studied the effect of acute PE of moderate intensities up to higher ones to the executive functions and the contextual emotional recognition. The participants were evaluated and classified in two experiments according to the IPAQ short form self-report and control measures. In both experiments, the groups were randomized, controlled, and exposed to one session of indoor cycling through intervals of high measure intensity (75–85% HRmax). Experiment 1 comprised young adults who were physically active (PA) and healthy, apparently (n = 54, Mage = 20.7, SD = 2.5). Experiment 2 involved young adults who were physically inactive (IP) and healthy, apparently (n = 36, Mage = 21.6, SD = 1.8). The duration was the only factor that varied: 45 min for PA and 30 min for PI. The executive functions were evaluated by the Stroop, TMT A/B, and verbal fluency, and the emotional recognition through a task that includes body and facial emotions in context, simultaneously. The analysis of factorial mixed ANOVA showed effects on the right choices of the indoor cycling groups in the PA, and the time response in PI. Also, other effects were observed in the controlled groups. TMT-A/B measures showed changes in the pre-test–post-test measures for both experiments. Verbal fluency performance favored the control group in both experiments. Meanwhile, the emotional recognition showed an effect of the PE in error-reduction and enhanced the scores in the right choices of body emotions. These results suggest that the EF with intensities favored cognitive processes such as inhibitory control and emotional recognition in context. We took into account the importance of high-complexity tasks design that avoid a ceiling effect. This study is the first on reporting a positive effect of PE over the emotional contextual recognition. Important clinical and educational implications are presented implications which highlight the modulatory role of EF with moderate to high intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaime Arenas
- Physical Education, University of Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | - Ianelleen Arias
- Physical Education, University of Quindío, Armenia, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Federico Ayala-Zuluaga
- Research Group Physical Activity, Cumanday, Manizales, Colombia.,Department of Physical Action, Caldas University, Manizales, Colombia
| | - César Núñez
- Psychology Program, Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Alexandre García-Mas
- Department of Basic Psychology, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain
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15
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Chang YK, Erickson KI, Stamatakis E, Hung TM. How the 2018 US Physical Activity Guidelines are a Call to Promote and Better Understand Acute Physical Activity for Cognitive Function Gains. Sports Med 2019; 49:1625-1627. [PMID: 31535283 PMCID: PMC6838455 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01190-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Tsung-Min Hung
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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16
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Sadeghi Bahmani D, Razazian N, Motl RW, Farnia V, Alikhani M, Pühse U, Gerber M, Brand S. Physical activity interventions can improve emotion regulation and dimensions of empathy in persons with multiple sclerosis: An exploratory study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2019; 37:101380. [PMID: 32173007 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2019.101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) report difficulties with emotion regulation and empathy. Regular physical activity (RPA) improves dimensions of psychological well-being in PwMS, but it remains unclear if regular physical activity has effects on emotion regulation and empathy. The present study investigated the effect of regular physical activity on emotion regulation and empathy, and explored, if endurance training or coordinative training are better than an active control condition. METHODS 92 female PwMS (mean age: 37.4 years; age range: 20-57 years; mean EDSS: 2.43) took part in this study. Participants were randomly assigned into endurance training, coordinative training, or active control conditions that all lasted 8 weeks and were yoked on frequency, duration, and social contact. Participants completed questionnaires on emotion regulation, empathy, depression and fatigue before and after the 8-week conditions. RESULTS Regulation and control of emotions and empathy improved over time, but more so in the exercising groups, compared to the active control group. No changes over time and between groups were observed for perception and acknowledgement of emotions, emotional expressivity, and empathy, as measured with Reading in the Eyes test. These changes were not influenced by control for depression and fatigue as covariates. CONCLUSIONS Both endurance and coordinative exercise training had favorable effects on some aspects of emotion regulation and social cognition such as empathy in PwMS. Such initial results support for examination of exercise training for the treatment of issues of emotion regulation and social interactions in PwMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nazanin Razazian
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Neurology Department, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Robert W Motl
- Departments of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alikhani
- Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Uwe Pühse
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Serge Brand
- University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center of Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah, Iran; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Department of Psychiatry, Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah, Iran; University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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