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Jiang Y, Ray A, Junaid MSA, Bhattaccharjee SA, Kelley K, Banga AK, Blough BE, Murnane KS. The pharmacokinetics of 3-fluoroamphetamine following delivery using clinically relevant routes of administration. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2020; 10:271-281. [PMID: 31642004 PMCID: PMC6982562 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
3-Fluoroamphetamine (also called PAL-353) is a synthetic amphetamine analog that has been investigated for cocaine use disorder (CUD), yet no studies have characterized its pharmacokinetics (PK). In the present study, we determined the PK of PAL-353 in male Sprague Dawley rats following intravenous bolus injection (5 mg/kg). Plasma samples were analyzed using a novel bioanalytical method that coupled liquid-liquid extraction and LC-MS/MS. The primary PK parameters determined by WinNonlin were a C0 (ng/mL) of 1412.09 ± 196.12 and a plasma half-life of 2.27 ± 0.67 h. As transdermal delivery may be an optimal approach to delivering PAL-353 for CUD, we assessed its PK profile following application of 50 mg of transdermal gel (10% w/w drug over 5 cm2). The 10% w/w gel resulted in a short lag time, sustained delivery, and a rapid clearance in plasma immediately after removal. The rodent PK data were verified by examining in vitro permeation through human epidermis mounted on Franz diffusion cells. An in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) analysis was performed using the Phoenix IVIVC toolkit to assess the predictive relationship between rodent and human skin absorption/permeation. The in vitro permeation study revealed a dose-proportional cumulative and steady-state flux with ~ 70% of drug permeated. The fraction absorbed in vivo and fraction permeated in vitro showed a linear relationship. In conclusion, we have characterized the PK profile of PAL-353, demonstrated that it has favorable PK properties for transdermal administration for CUD, and provided preliminary evidence of the capacity of rodent data to predict human skin flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, 3001 Mercer University Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Azizi Ray
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, 3001 Mercer University Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Mohammad Shajid Ashraf Junaid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, 3001 Mercer University Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Sonalika Arup Bhattaccharjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, 3001 Mercer University Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Kayla Kelley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, 3001 Mercer University Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Ajay K Banga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, 3001 Mercer University Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA
| | - Bruce E Blough
- Center for Drug Discovery, Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Kevin S Murnane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, 3001 Mercer University Dr., Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
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Bigdeli I, Asia MNH, Miladi-Gorji H, Fadaei A. The spatial learning and memory performance in methamphetamine-sensitized and withdrawn rats. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:234-9. [PMID: 25945235 PMCID: PMC4414988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is controversial evidence about the effect of methamphetamine (METH) on spatial memory. We tested the time- dependent effects of METH on spatial short-term (working) and long-term (reference) memory in METH -sensitized and withdrawn rats in the Morris water maze. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were sensitized to METH (2 mg/kg, daily/5 days, SC). Rats were trained in water maze (4 trials/day/for 5 days). Probe test was performed 24 hr after training. Two days after probe test, working memory training (2 trials/day/for 5 days) was conducted. Acquisition-retention interval was 75 min. The treatment was continued per day 30 and 120 min before the test. Two groups of METH -sensitized rats were trained in reference memory after a longer period of withdrawal (30 days). RESULTS Sensitized rats exhibited significantly longer escape latencies on the training, spent significantly less time in the target zone (all, P<0.05), and their working memory impaired 30 min after injection. While, METH has no effect on the spatial learning process 120 min after injection, and rats spent significantly less time in the target zone (P<0.05), as well it has no effect on working memory. Also, impairment of reference memory persisted after prolonged abstinence. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that METH impaired spatial learning and memory 30 min after injection, but spared spatial learning, either acquisition or retention of spatial working, but partially impaired retention of spatial reference memory following 120 min after injection in sensitized rats, which persisted even after prolonged abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imanollah Bigdeli
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Miladi-Gorji
- Laboratory of Animal Addiction Models, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran,*Corresponding author: Hossein Miladi-Gorji. Laboratory of Animal Addiction Models, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Fax: +98-231-3354186;
| | - Atefeh Fadaei
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran
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MALINOVÁ-ŠEVČÍKOVÁ M, HREBÍČKOVÁ I, MACÚCHOVÁ E, NOVÁ E, POMETLOVÁ M, ŠLAMBEROVÁ R. Differences in Maternal Behavior and Development of Their Pups Depend on the Time of Methamphetamine Exposure During Gestation Period. Physiol Res 2014; 63:S559-72. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the hypothesis that the extension of noxious effect of methamphetamine (MA) on maternal behavior and postnatal development on the pups may differ in dependence with time of application. Female rats were injected with MA (5 mg/kg) or saline during first (embryonic day (ED) 1-11) or second (ED 12-22) half of gestation. Our results demonstrated that MA exposure on ED 12-22 led to decreased birth weight and weight gained during lactation period relative to rats treated on ED 1-11. Both sexes treated prenatally with MA on ED 1-11 opened eyes earlier compared to animals treated on ED 12-22. As a matter of sensorimotor development application of MA on ED 1-11 impaired the righting reflex, while MA exposure on ED 12-22 impaired the performance of beam balance test in male rats. There were no differences in maternal behavior. Therefore, it seems that MA exposure in the first half of the gestation impaired the early sensorimotor development that is under control of the brain stem, while the MA exposure in the second half of gestation affected the beam balance performance that is dependent on the function of the cerebellum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - R. ŠLAMBEROVÁ
- Department of Normal, Pathological and Clinical Physiology, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Rambousek L, Kacer P, Syslova K, Bumba J, Bubenikova-Valesova V, Slamberova R. Sex differences in methamphetamine pharmacokinetics in adult rats and its transfer to pups through the placental membrane and breast milk. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 139:138-44. [PMID: 24726427 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (METH) abuse is a growing health problem worldwide, and METH use during pregnancy not only endangers the mother's health but also the developing fetus. To provide better insight into these risks, we performed the following experiments. METHOD First, we investigated how sex influences the pharmacokinetics of METH and amphetamine (AMP) in male and female rats. Subsequently, we simulated chronic exposure of prenatal infants to METH abuse by investigating brain and plasma levels of METH and AMP in dams and pups. Finally, we modeled chronic exposure of infants to METH via breast milk and investigated sex differences in pups with regard to drug levels and possible sensitization effect of chronic prenatal METH co-treatment. RESULTS We observed significantly higher levels of METH and AMP in the plasma and brain of female rats compared to males. Additionally, brain concentrations of METH and AMP in pups exposed to METH prenatally were equivalent to 62.13% and 37.78% relative to dam, respectively. Plasma concentrations of AMP where equivalent to 100% of the concentration in dams, while METH was equivalent to only 36.98%. Finally, we did not observe a significant effect relative to sex with regard to METH/AMP levels or sensitization effects linked to prenatal METH exposure. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that female rats display higher levels of METH and AMP, thus indicating a greater risk of addiction and toxicity. Furthermore, our data show that pups are exposed to both METH and AMP following dam exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Rambousek
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic; Institute of Physiology AS CR v.v.i., Videnska 1083, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Kacer
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Syslova
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Bumba
- Institute of Chemical Technology, Technicka 5, Prague 166 28, Czech Republic
| | | | - Romana Slamberova
- Charles University in Prague, Third Faculty of Medicine, Department of Normal, Pathological and Clinical Physiology, Ke Karlovu 4, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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White SJ, Hendrickson HP, Atchley WT, Laurenzana EM, Gentry WB, Williams DK, Owens SM. Treatment with a monoclonal antibody against methamphetamine and amphetamine reduces maternal and fetal rat brain concentrations in late pregnancy. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1285-91. [PMID: 24839971 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.056879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that treatment of pregnant rat dams with a dual reactive monoclonal antibody (mAb4G9) against (+)-methamphetamine [METH; equilibrium dissociation rate constant (KD) = 16 nM] and (+)-amphetamine (AMP; KD = 102 nM) could confer maternal and fetal protection from brain accumulation of both drugs of abuse. To test this hypothesis, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (on gestational day 21) received a 1 mg/kg i.v. METH dose, followed 30 minutes later by vehicle or mAb4G9 treatment. The mAb4G9 dose was 0.56 mole-equivalent in binding sites to the METH body burden. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed baseline METH and AMP elimination half-lives were congruent in dams and fetuses, but the METH volume of distribution in dams was nearly double the fetal values. The METH and AMP area under the serum concentration-versus-time curves from 40 minutes to 5 hours after mAb4G9 treatment increased >7000% and 2000%, respectively, in dams. Fetal METH serum did not change, but AMP decreased 23%. The increased METH and AMP concentrations in maternal serum resulted from significant increases in mAb4G9 binding. Protein binding changed from ∼15% to > 90% for METH and AMP. Fetal serum protein binding appeared to gradually increase, but the absolute fraction bound was trivial compared with the dams. mAb4G9 treatment significantly reduced METH and AMP brain values by 66% and 45% in dams and 44% and 46% in fetuses (P < 0.05), respectively. These results show anti-METH/AMP mAb4G9 therapy in dams can offer maternal and fetal brain protection from the potentially harmful effects of METH and AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J White
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine (S.J.W., W.T.A., E.M.L., W.B.G., S.M.O.), Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine (W.B.G.), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (H.P.H.), and Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (D.K.W.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania (E.M.L.)
| | - Howard P Hendrickson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine (S.J.W., W.T.A., E.M.L., W.B.G., S.M.O.), Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine (W.B.G.), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (H.P.H.), and Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (D.K.W.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania (E.M.L.)
| | - William T Atchley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine (S.J.W., W.T.A., E.M.L., W.B.G., S.M.O.), Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine (W.B.G.), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (H.P.H.), and Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (D.K.W.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania (E.M.L.)
| | - Elizabeth M Laurenzana
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine (S.J.W., W.T.A., E.M.L., W.B.G., S.M.O.), Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine (W.B.G.), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (H.P.H.), and Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (D.K.W.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania (E.M.L.)
| | - W Brooks Gentry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine (S.J.W., W.T.A., E.M.L., W.B.G., S.M.O.), Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine (W.B.G.), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (H.P.H.), and Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (D.K.W.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania (E.M.L.)
| | - D Keith Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine (S.J.W., W.T.A., E.M.L., W.B.G., S.M.O.), Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine (W.B.G.), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (H.P.H.), and Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (D.K.W.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania (E.M.L.)
| | - S Michael Owens
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine (S.J.W., W.T.A., E.M.L., W.B.G., S.M.O.), Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine (W.B.G.), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy (H.P.H.), and Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health (D.K.W.), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; and Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania (E.M.L.)
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Molkov YI, Zaretskaia MV, Zaretsky DV. Meth math: modeling temperature responses to methamphetamine. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 306:R552-66. [PMID: 24500434 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00365.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) can evoke extreme hyperthermia, which correlates with neurotoxicity and death in laboratory animals and humans. The objective of this study was to uncover the mechanisms of a complex dose dependence of temperature responses to Meth by mathematical modeling of the neuronal circuitry. On the basis of previous studies, we composed an artificial neural network with the core comprising three sequentially connected nodes: excitatory, medullary, and sympathetic preganglionic neuronal (SPN). Meth directly stimulated the excitatory node, an inhibitory drive targeted the medullary node, and, in high doses, an additional excitatory drive affected the SPN node. All model parameters (weights of connections, sensitivities, and time constants) were subject to fitting experimental time series of temperature responses to 1, 3, 5, and 10 mg/kg Meth. Modeling suggested that the temperature response to the lowest dose of Meth, which caused an immediate and short hyperthermia, involves neuronal excitation at a supramedullary level. The delay in response after the intermediate doses of Meth is a result of neuronal inhibition at the medullary level. Finally, the rapid and robust increase in body temperature induced by the highest dose of Meth involves activation of high-dose excitatory drive. The impairment in the inhibitory mechanism can provoke a life-threatening temperature rise and makes it a plausible cause of fatal hyperthermia in Meth users. We expect that studying putative neuronal sites of Meth action and the neuromediators involved in a detailed model of this system may lead to more effective strategies for prevention and treatment of hyperthermia induced by amphetamine-like stimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaroslav I Molkov
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
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Delano K, Koren G. Emerging biomarkers of intrauterine neonatal and pediatric exposures to xenobiotics. Pediatr Clin North Am 2012; 59:1059-70. [PMID: 23036244 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers are an important tool for clinicians to detect long-term exposure to a multitude of compounds, including drugs of abuse, alcohol, and environmental toxicants. Using hair and meconium as matrices for biomarker testing provides a longer window of detection than that of blood or urine, providing clinically relevant information on prenatal exposures. The use of biomarkers can aid clinicians in early diagnosis and implementing appropriate interventions. The increasing burden of environmental toxicants has warranted the development of biomarkers for specific compounds, which could decrease exposure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Delano
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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