1
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Rajan RK, Engels M, Ramanathan M. Predicting phase-I metabolism of piceatannol: an in silico study. In Silico Pharmacol 2024; 12:52. [PMID: 38854674 PMCID: PMC11153392 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00228-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Piceatannol is a natural compound found in plants and can be derived from resveratrol. While resveratrol has been extensively researched for its effects and how the body processes it, there are concerns about its use. These concerns include its limited absorption in the body, the need for specific dosages, potential interactions with other drugs, lack of standardization, and limited clinical evidence to support its benefits. Interestingly, Piceatannol, another compound derived from resveratrol, has received less attention from researchers but appears to offer advantages. It has better bioavailability and seems to have a more favorable therapeutic profile compared to resveratrol. Surprisingly, no previous attempts have been made to explore or predict the metabolites of piceatannol when it interacts with the enzyme cytochrome P450. This study aims to fill that gap by predicting how piceatannol is metabolized by cytochrome P450 and assessing any potential toxicity associated with its metabolites. This research is interesting because it's the first of its kind to investigate the metabolic fate of piceatannol, especially in the context of cytochrome P450. The findings have the potential to significantly contribute to the field of piceatannol research, particularly in the food industry where this compound has applications and implications. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Rajan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Tezpur Campus, Tezpur, Assam India
- Present Address: Department of Pharmacology, Himalayan Pharmacy Institute, Majitar, East Sikkim 737136 India
| | - Maida Engels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Muthiah Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu India
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2
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Rendic SP, Guengerich FP. Formation of potentially toxic metabolites of drugs in reactions catalyzed by human drug-metabolizing enzymes. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1581-1628. [PMID: 38520539 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03710-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Data are presented on the formation of potentially toxic metabolites of drugs that are substrates of human drug metabolizing enzymes. The tabular data lists the formation of potentially toxic/reactive products. The data were obtained from in vitro experiments and showed that the oxidative reactions predominate (with 96% of the total potential toxication reactions). Reductive reactions (e.g., reduction of nitro to amino group and reductive dehalogenation) participate to the extent of 4%. Of the enzymes, cytochrome P450 (P450, CYP) enzymes catalyzed 72% of the reactions, myeloperoxidase (MPO) 7%, flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) 3%, aldehyde oxidase (AOX) 4%, sulfotransferase (SULT) 5%, and a group of minor participating enzymes to the extent of 9%. Within the P450 Superfamily, P450 Subfamily 3A (P450 3A4 and 3A5) participates to the extent of 27% and the Subfamily 2C (P450 2C9 and P450 2C19) to the extent of 16%, together catalyzing 43% of the reactions, followed by P450 Subfamily 1A (P450 1A1 and P450 1A2) with 15%. The P450 2D6 enzyme participated in an extent of 8%, P450 2E1 in 10%, and P450 2B6 in 6% of the reactions. All other enzymes participate to the extent of 14%. The data show that, of the human enzymes analyzed, P450 enzymes were dominant in catalyzing potential toxication reactions of drugs and their metabolites, with the major role assigned to the P450 Subfamily 3A and significant participation of the P450 Subfamilies 2C and 1A, plus the 2D6, 2E1 and 2B6 enzymes contributing. Selected examples of drugs that are activated or proposed to form toxic species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232-0146, USA
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3
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Happy S, Junaid M, Yadagiri D. Reactivity of quinone methides with carbenes generated from α-diazocarbonyl compounds and related compounds. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 59:29-42. [PMID: 36484325 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05623b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, quinone methides have broadly been applied in synthesis and biological systems for synthesizing heterocyclic compounds and biologically active molecules. In this feature article, we have discussed the novel and uncovered reactivity of o-quinone methides, p-quinone methides, aza-o-quinone methides, and indolyl-2-methides with carbenes generated from α-diazocarbonyl compounds and related compounds. Two in situ-generated transient intermediates undergo cycloannulation reactions, metathesis-type reactions, 1,6-conjugate addition reactions, cyclopropanation reactions, and many other transformations to access nitrogen- and oxygen-containing heterocyclic compounds and beyond. The reactivity of quinone methides and carbenes is observed in various metal catalysts, Brønsted-acids, Lewis acids, phase transfer catalysts, additives, and visible-light-induced transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharma Happy
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis & Catalysis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Mohammad Junaid
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis & Catalysis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Dongari Yadagiri
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Synthesis & Catalysis, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee-247667, Uttarakhand, India.
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4
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Yu KY, Ge XM, Fan YJ, Liu XT, Yang X, Yang YH, Zhao XH, An XT, Fan CA. Iron(III)-catalyzed tandem annulation of indolyl-substituted p-quinone methides with ynamides for the synthesis of cyclopenta[ b]indoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:8710-8713. [PMID: 35833607 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03252j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The unique reactivity of indolyl-substituted p-QMs as a new type of two-carbon synthon has been explored for the first time in a novel iron(III)-catalyzed tandem annulation. This (2+2) annulation/retro-4π electrocyclization/imino-Nazarov cyclization cascade reaction is characterized by an unusual structural reconstruction of indolyl-substituted p-QMs, leading to an expeditious assembly of synthetically important functionalized cyclopenta[b]indoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xiao-Min Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yi-Jun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xiao-Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Yu-Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xian-He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Xian-Tao An
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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5
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Ali K, Mishra P, Kumar A, Reddy DN, Chowdhury S, Panda G. Reactivity vs. selectivity of quinone methides: synthesis of pharmaceutically important molecules, toxicity and biological applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6160-6175. [PMID: 35522910 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00838f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Quinone methides (QMs) are considered to be highly reactive intermediates because of their aromatization both in chemical and biological systems. Being highly accessible, quinone methides (QMs) have been widely exploited and their concurrent use has been manifested for the synthesis of tertiary and quaternary carbon centers of bioactives, drugs and drug-like molecules. In this feature article, the synthetic routes, structure-reactivity relationships and synthetic applications of quinone methides are discussed. Formation of the intermediates during bioactivation of different chemical entities and possible chemical manifestations leading to their toxicity in biological systems are also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasim Ali
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sector 10, Lucknow 226031, UP, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Industrial Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201 002, India
| | - Prajjval Mishra
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sector 10, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.
| | - Awnish Kumar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sector 10, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.
| | - Damodara N Reddy
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sector 10, Lucknow 226031, UP, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Industrial Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201 002, India
| | - Sushobhan Chowdhury
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sector 10, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.
| | - Gautam Panda
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Jankipuram Extension, Sector 10, Lucknow 226031, UP, India. .,Academy of Scientific & Industrial Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh-201 002, India
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6
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Shyam A, Pradhan AK, Mondal P. A Density Functional Theory Study on Et-BAC-Catalyzed 1,6-Conjugate Addition of p-Chlorobenzaldehyde to p-Quinone Methide for the Synthesis of α,α '-Diarylated Ketones. J Org Chem 2021; 86:9040-9054. [PMID: 34126745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Umpolung-based organocatalysis has made a remarkable breakthrough in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. Among a plethora of umpolung catalysts, bis(amino)cyclopropenylidenes (BACs) have emerged as efficient organocatalysts with potential applications in synthesizing numerous essential organic moieties. In this study, a plausible mechanism for bis(diethylamino)cyclopropenylidene (Et-BAC)-catalyzed synthesis of α,α'-diarylated ketones has been established using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The proposed catalytic cycle of the studied reaction initiates with the nucleophilic interaction of Et-BAC with p-chlorobenzaldehyde to form a zwitterionic intermediate, which is then transformed to a reactive Breslow intermediate. The Breslow intermediate further undergoes a chemoselective and stereoselective 1,6-conjugate addition reaction with p-quinone methide to form a new C-C bond connection. Finally, the generated adduct undergoes a proton shift reaction with the assistance of both 8-diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec-7-ene (DBU) and protonated DBU to yield the desired product. Conceptual DFT-derived reactivity indices and frontier molecular orbital theory analysis have been successfully utilized to unravel the role of Et-BAC in this studied reaction. In addition to Et-BAC, DBU and protonated DBU also play a very important role in lowering the activation energy barrier of proton transfer steps. This investigation will help in the rational designing of simple nonheterocyclic carbene-mediated novel organic transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Shyam
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Amit K Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Paritosh Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
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7
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Zhang XZ, Li BQ, Qiu ZW, Ma AJ, Peng JB, Du JY, Feng N, Xu XT, Pan HP. Synthesis of Naphthopyrans via Formal (3+3)-Annulation of Propargylic (Aza)-para-Quinone Methides with Naphthols. J Org Chem 2020; 85:13306-13316. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhi Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bao Qiong Li
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zong-Wang Qiu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ai-Jun Ma
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Bao Peng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ji-Yuan Du
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Feng
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue-Tao Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han-Peng Pan
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong 529020, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Pham C, Nagar S, Korzekwa K. Numerical analysis of time-dependent inhibition kinetics: comparison between rat liver microsomes and rat hepatocyte data for mechanistic model fitting. Xenobiotica 2020. [PMID: 28644704 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1345020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent inhibition (TDI) may confound drug interaction predictions. Recently, models were generated for an array of TDI kinetic schemes using numerical analysis of microsomal assays. Additionally, a distinct terminal inactivation step was identified for certain mechanism based inhibitors (MBI) following reversible metabolite intermediate complex (MIC) formation. Longer hepatocyte incubations potentially allow analysis of slow TDI and terminal inactivation. In the experiments presented here, we compared the quality of TDI parameterization by numerical analysis between hepatocyte and microsomal data. Rat liver microsomes (RLM), suspended rat hepatocytes (SRH) and sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes (SCRH) were incubated with the prototypical CYP3A MBI troleandomycin and the substrate midazolam. Data from RLM provided a better model fit as compared to SRH. Increased CYP3A expression after dexamethasone (DEX) induction improved the fit for RLM and SRH. A novel sequential kinetic scheme, defining inhibitor metabolite production prior to MIC formation, improved the fit compared to direct MIC formation. Furthermore, terminal inactivation rate constants were parameterized for RLM and SRH samples with DEX-induced CYP3A. The low expression of CYP3A and experimental error in SCRH resulted in poor data for model fitting. Overall, RLM generated data better suited for elucidation of TDI mechanisms by numerical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuong Pham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Swati Nagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ken Korzekwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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9
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Lima CGS, Pauli FP, Costa DCS, de Souza AS, Forezi LSM, Ferreira VF, de Carvalho da Silva F. para
-Quinone Methides as Acceptors in 1,6-Nucleophilic Conjugate Addition Reactions for the Synthesis of Structurally Diverse Molecules. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina G. S. Lima
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Campus do Valonguinho 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Fernanda P. Pauli
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Campus do Valonguinho 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Dora C. S. Costa
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Campus do Valonguinho 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Acácio S. de Souza
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Campus do Valonguinho 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Luana S. M. Forezi
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Campus do Valonguinho 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Vitor F. Ferreira
- Departamento de Tecnologia Farmacêutica; Universidade Federal Fluminense; 24241-000 Niterói RJ Brazil
| | - Fernando de Carvalho da Silva
- Departamento de Química Orgânica; Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Campus do Valonguinho 24020-150 Niterói RJ Brazil
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10
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Zhang B, Liu L, Mao S, Zhou MD, Wang H, Li L. Base-Catalyzed 1,6-Hydrophosphonylation of p
-Quinone Methides with Diphenylphosphane Oxide/Phosphites. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Liaoning Shihua University; Dandong Road 1, Fushun 113001 P. R. China
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Liaoning Shihua University; Dandong Road 1, Fushun 113001 P. R. China
| | - Shukuan Mao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Liaoning Shihua University; Dandong Road 1, Fushun 113001 P. R. China
| | - Ming-Dong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Liaoning Shihua University; Dandong Road 1, Fushun 113001 P. R. China
| | - He Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Liaoning Shihua University; Dandong Road 1, Fushun 113001 P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science; Liaoning Shihua University; Dandong Road 1, Fushun 113001 P. R. China
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11
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Yang GH, Zhao Q, Zhang ZP, Zheng HL, Chen L, Li X. Asymmetric Cycloaddition of ortho-Hydroxyphenyl-Substituted para-Quinone Methides and Enamides Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphoric Acid. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7883-7893. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhi-Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Han-Liang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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12
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Yang B, Yao W, Xia XF, Wang D. Mn-Catalyzed 1,6-conjugate addition/aromatization of para-quinone methides. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:4547-4557. [PMID: 29873652 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of ferrocenyl triazole ligands have been synthesized and characterized, which proved to be effective for the Mn-catalyzed 1,6-conjugate addition/aromatization of para-quinone methides with good to high yields under mild conditions. This protocol provided an efficient and practical route to the synthetically interesting functionalized quinones, methines and their analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu Province, China.
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13
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Santra S, Porey A, Jana B, Guin J. N-Heterocyclic carbenes as chiral Brønsted base catalysts: a highly diastereo- and enantioselective 1,6-addition reaction. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6446-6450. [PMID: 30288232 PMCID: PMC6144034 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc02138d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly diastereo- and enantioselective 1,6-addition of 1,3-ketoamides to p-quinone methides (p-QMs) using chiral NHCs as Brønsted base catalysts is developed. The reaction is based on the utilization of a 1,3-ketoamide having acidic N-H that forms a chiral ion-pair consisting of the enolate and the azolium ion. Different β-ketoamides and functionalized p-QMs are applicable to the reaction. Synthetic application of the method is demonstrated via the preparation of highly enantioenriched β and γ-lactam derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Santra
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur , Kolkata-700032 , India .
| | - Arka Porey
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur , Kolkata-700032 , India .
| | - Barun Jana
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur , Kolkata-700032 , India .
| | - Joyram Guin
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur , Kolkata-700032 , India .
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14
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Gupta AK, Ahamad S, Vaishanv NK, Kant R, Mohanan K. Base-mediated 1,6-conjugate addition of the Seyferth-Gilbert reagent to para-quinone methides. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:4623-4627. [PMID: 29876566 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01017j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A 1,6-conjugate addition reaction of the Seyferth-Gilbert reagent (SGR) to p-quinone methides is reported. This base-mediated protocol allows rapid access to diarylmethylated diazomethylphosphonates. The reaction proceeds under mild basic conditions, making it a practical approach for the synthesis of diarylmethylated diazomethylphosphonates with a broad substrate scope. Interestingly, the treatment of the conjugate adduct with a catalytic amount of rhodium acetate resulted in the 1,2-aryl migration of the rhodium carbenoid intermediate to generate the corresponding 1,2-diaryl alkenylphosphonates in excellent yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashis Kumar Gupta
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Shakir Ahamad
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Narendra Kumar Vaishanv
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Ruchir Kant
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kishor Mohanan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India. and Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
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15
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Santra S, Porey A, Guin J. 1,6-Conjugate Addition of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds topara-Quinone Methides Enabled by Noncovalent N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surojit Santra
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Arka Porey
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 India
| | - Joyram Guin
- Department of Organic Chemistry; Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science; 2A & 2B Raja S. C. Mullick Road Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032 India
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16
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Rahman A, Zhou Q, Lin X. Asymmetric organocatalytic synthesis of chiral 3,3-disubstituted oxindolesviaa 1,6-conjugate addition reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5301-5309. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01169a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The chiral spirocyclic phosphoric acid-catalyzed enantioselective 1,6-conjugate addition reaction ofpara-quinone methides derived fromN-unprotected isatins with indoles was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahman
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Qiaoxia Zhou
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xufeng Lin
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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17
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Zhang ZP, Xie KX, Yang C, Li M, Li X. Asymmetric Synthesis of Dihydrocoumarins through Chiral Phosphoric Acid-Catalyzed Cycloannulation of para-Quinone Methides and Azlactones. J Org Chem 2017; 83:364-373. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b02750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Pei Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kai-Xue Xie
- State key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chen Yang
- State key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Man Li
- State key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xin Li
- State key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of
Chemical Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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18
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Xie KX, Zhang ZP, Li X. Bismuth Triflate-Catalyzed Vinylogous Nucleophilic 1,6-Conjugate Addition of para-Quinone Methides with 3-Propenyl-2-silyloxyindoles. Org Lett 2017; 19:6708-6711. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Xue Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of
Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of
Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of
Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
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19
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Ke M, Song Q. Copper-Catalyzed 1,6-Hydrodifluoroacetylation ofpara-Quinone Methides at Ambient Temperature with Bis(pinacolato)diboron as Reductant. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201600991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miaolin Ke
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering; College of Materials Science & Engineering at Huaqiao University; Fujian People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Song
- Institute of Next Generation Matter Transformation, College of Chemical Engineering; College of Materials Science & Engineering at Huaqiao University; Fujian People's Republic of China
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20
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Zhang ZP, Dong N, Li X. Bismuth-catalyzed allylation of para-quinone methides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:1301-1304. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06605d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
An efficient 1,6-allylation addition of para-quinone methides with allylboronic acid pinacol ester was developed with 0.5–5 mol% bismuth(iii) triflate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Pei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Nan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin 300071
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Tianjin 300071
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21
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Ge L, Lu X, Cheng C, Chen J, Cao W, Wu X, Zhao G. Amide-Phosphonium Salt as Bifunctional Phase Transfer Catalyst for Asymmetric 1,6-Addition of Malonate Esters to para-Quinone Methides. J Org Chem 2016; 81:9315-9325. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luo Ge
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xuehe Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Cang Cheng
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Weiguo Cao
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Shanghai University, 99 Shangda Road, Shanghai 200444, China
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Key
Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Lu, Shanghai 200032, China
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22
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Zhang XZ, Deng YH, Yan X, Yu KY, Wang FX, Ma XY, Fan CA. Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Synthesis of Unsymmetric β,β-Diaryl-α-Amino Acid Esters via Organocatalytic 1,6-Conjugate Addition of para-Quinone Methides. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5655-62. [PMID: 27224285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel strategy based on phase transfer catalysis for the diastereoselective and enantioselective direct assembly of unsymmetric β,β-diaryl-α-amino acid esters via 1,6-conjugate addition of para-quinone methides and glycine derivatives is described. This protocol also provides an alternative route to the synthetically interesting functionalized chiral tetrahydroisoquinoline and its analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu-Hua Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ke-Yin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fang-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University , 38 Xueyuan Lu, Beijing 100191, China
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23
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Zhang XZ, Du JY, Deng YH, Chu WD, Yan X, Yu KY, Fan CA. Spirocyclopropanation Reaction of para-Quinone Methides with Sulfonium Salts: The Synthesis of Spirocyclopropanyl para-Dienones. J Org Chem 2016; 81:2598-606. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Zhi Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ji-Yuan Du
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yu-Hua Deng
- State
Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou
Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wen-Dao Chu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xu Yan
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ke-Yin Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State
Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, 38
Xueyuan Lu, Beijing 100191, China
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24
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Wong YF, Wang Z, Sun J. Chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric addition of naphthols to para-quinone methides. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:5751-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob00125d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An asymmetric addition of naphthols to in situ generated para-quinone methides catalyzed by a chiral phosphoric acid is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuk Fai Wong
- Department of Chemistry
- the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Zhaobin Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
| | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Chemistry
- the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
- Kowloon
- China
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25
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Deng YH, Zhang XZ, Yu KY, Yan X, Du JY, Huang H, Fan CA. Bifunctional tertiary amine-squaramide catalyzed asymmetric catalytic 1,6-conjugate addition/aromatization of para-quinone methides with oxindoles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:4183-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc10502a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel organocatalytic enantioselective 1,6-addition of p-QMs has been developed to access diarylmethine-functionalized oxindoles bearing vicinal tertiary and quaternary stereocenters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hua Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Xiang-Zhi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Ke-Yin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Ji-Yuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Hanmin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
| | - Chun-An Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Lanzhou 730000
- China
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26
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He FS, Jin JH, Yang ZT, Yu X, Fossey JS, Deng WP. Direct Asymmetric Synthesis of β-Bis-Aryl-α-Amino Acid Esters via Enantioselective Copper-Catalyzed Addition of p-Quinone Methides. ACS Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.5b02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Sheng He
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jing-Hai Jin
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Yang
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xingxin Yu
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - John S. Fossey
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, West Midlands B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Ping Deng
- School of Pharmacy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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27
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Wang Z, Wong YF, Sun J. Catalytic Asymmetric 1,6-Conjugate Addition ofpara-Quinone Methides: Formation of All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13711-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Wang Z, Wong YF, Sun J. Catalytic Asymmetric 1,6-Conjugate Addition ofpara-Quinone Methides: Formation of All-Carbon Quaternary Stereocenters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Lou Y, Cao P, Jia T, Zhang Y, Wang M, Liao J. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,6-Boration ofpara-Quinone Methides and Efficient Transformation ofgem-Diarylmethine Boronates to Triarylmethanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201505926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Lou Y, Cao P, Jia T, Zhang Y, Wang M, Liao J. Copper-Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,6-Boration ofpara-Quinone Methides and Efficient Transformation ofgem-Diarylmethine Boronates to Triarylmethanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:12134-8. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201505926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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32
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Abstract
Cytotoxicity assays were among the first in vitro bioassay methods used to predict toxicity of substances to various tissues. In vitro cytotoxicity testing provides a crucial means for safety assessment and screening, and for ranking compounds. The choice of using a particular cytotoxicity assay technology may be influenced by specific research goals. As such, four main classes of assays are used to monitor the response of cultured cells after treatment with potential toxicants. These methods measure viability, cell membrane integrity, cell proliferation, and metabolic activity. In this chapter, we focus on the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide tetrazolium reduction colorimetric assay to evaluate detrimental intracellular effects on metabolic activity. This assay is well-characterized, simple to use and remains popular in several laboratories worldwide.
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33
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Gai K, Fang X, Li X, Xu J, Wu X, Lin A, Yao H. Synthesis of spiro[2.5]octa-4,7-dien-6-one with consecutive quaternary centers via 1,6-conjugate addition induced dearomatization of para-quinone methides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15831-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06287j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spiro[2.5]octa-4,7-dien-6-one with consecutive quaternary centers was synthesized in one pot without the use of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Xinxin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Xuanyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- PR China
| | - Hequan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry
- School of Pharmacy
- China Pharmaceutical University
- Nanjing
- PR China
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34
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Caruana L, Kniep F, Johansen TK, Poulsen PH, Jørgensen KA. A New Organocatalytic Concept for Asymmetric α-Alkylation of Aldehydes. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15929-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ja510475n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Caruana
- Center for Catalysis, Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Florian Kniep
- Center for Catalysis, Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Pernille H. Poulsen
- Center for Catalysis, Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karl Anker Jørgensen
- Center for Catalysis, Department
of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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35
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Bolleddula J, DeMent K, Driscoll JP, Worboys P, Brassil PJ, Bourdet DL. Biotransformation and bioactivation reactions of alicyclic amines in drug molecules. Drug Metab Rev 2014; 46:379-419. [DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2014.924962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Abstract
The formation of quinone methides (QMs) from either direct 2-electron oxidation of 2- or 4-alkylphenols, isomerization of o-quinones, or elimination of a good leaving group could explain the cytotoxic/cytoprotective effects of several drugs, natural products, as well as endogenous compounds. For example, the antiretroviral drug nevirapine and the antidiabetic agent troglitazone both induce idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity through mechanisms involving quinone methide formation. The anesthetic phencyclidine induces psychological side effects potentially through quinone methide mediated covalent modification of crucial macromolecules in the brain. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen, toremifene, and raloxifene are metabolized to quinone methides which could potentially contribute to endometrial carcinogenic properties and/or induce detoxification enzymes and enhance the chemopreventive effects of these SERMs. Endogenous estrogens and/or estrogens present in estrogen replacement formulations are also metabolized to catechols and further oxidized to o-quinones which can isomerize to quinone methides. Both estrogen quinoids could cause DNA damage which could enhance hormone dependent cancer risk. Natural products such as the food and flavor agent eugenol can be directly oxidized to a quinone methide which may explain the toxic effects of this natural compound. Oral toxicities associated with chewing areca quid could be the result of exposure to hydroxychavicol through initial oxidation to an o-quinone which isomerizes to a p-quinone methide. Similar o-quinone to p-quinone methide isomerization reactions have been reported for the ubiquitous flavonoid quercetin which needs to be taken into consideration when evaluating risk-benefit assessments of these natural products. The resulting reaction of these quinone methides with proteins, DNA, and/or resulting modulation of gene expression may explain the toxic and/or beneficial effects of the parent compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy L. Bolton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy (M/C 781) College of Pharmacy University of Illinois at Chicago 833 S. Wood Street Chicago, Illinois 60612-7231
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37
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Abstract
Deuterium, the stable isotope of hydrogen, is known to medicinal chemists for its utility in mechanistic, spectroscopic, and tracer studies. In fact, well-known applications utilizing deuterium exist within every subdiscipline in pharmaceutical discovery and development. Recent emphasis on incorporation of deuterium into the active pharmaceutical ingredient has come about as a result of inquiries into the potential for substantial benefits of the deuterium kinetic isotope effect on the safety and disposition of the drug substance. This Perspective traces the author's experience in reviving and expanding this potential utility, first suggested many decades prior by the discoverer of this, the simplest of all isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Gant
- Recondite Falls Discovery, LLC , Greengarden Blvd, Erie, Pennsylvania 16509 United States
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38
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Chu W, Zhang L, Bao X, Zhao X, Zeng C, Du J, Zhang G, Wang F, Ma X, Fan C. Asymmetric Catalytic 1,6‐Conjugate Addition/Aromatization of
para
‐Quinone Methides: Enantioselective Introduction of Functionalized Diarylmethine Stereogenic Centers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201303928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Dao Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Le‐Fen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Xu Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Xian‐He Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Chao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Ji‐Yuan Du
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Guo‐Biao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Fang‐Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Xiao‐Yan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
| | - Chun‐An Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Nanlu, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Lu, Beijing 100191 (China)
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39
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Chu WD, Zhang LF, Bao X, Zhao XH, Zeng C, Du JY, Zhang GB, Wang FX, Ma XY, Fan CA. Asymmetric Catalytic 1,6-Conjugate Addition/Aromatization ofpara-Quinone Methides: Enantioselective Introduction of Functionalized Diarylmethine Stereogenic Centers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:9229-33. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201303928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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