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Qian X, Nguyen DTM, Li Y, Lyu J, Graviss EA, Hu TY. Predictive value of serum bradykinin and desArg 9-bradykinin levels for chemotherapeutic responses in active tuberculosis patients: A retrospective case series. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 101S:S109-S118. [PMID: 27720377 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need for methods that can rapidly and accurately assess therapeutic responses in patients with active tuberculosis (TB) in order to predict treatment outcomes. Exposure to bacterial pathogens can rapidly activate the plasma contact system, triggering the release of bradykinin (BK) and its metabolite desArg9-bradykinin (DABK) to induce inflammation and innate immune responses. We hypothesized that serum BK and DABK levels might act as sensitive immune response signatures for changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) burden, and therefore examined how serum levels of these markers corresponded with anti-TB therapy in a small cohort of active TB cases. METHODS Nanotrap Mass-Spectrometry (MS) was used to analyze serial blood specimens from 13 HIV-negative adults with microbiologically confirmed active TB who were treated with first-line anti-TB chemotherapy. MS signal for BK (m/z 1060.5) and DABK (m/z 904.5) serum peptides were evaluated at multiple time-points (before, during, and after treatment) to evaluate how BK and DABK levels corresponded with disease status. RESULTS Serum BK levels declined from pretreatment baseline levels during the early stage anti-TB therapy (induction phase) and tended to remain below baseline levels during extended treatment (consolidation phase) and after therapy completion. BK levels were consistent with induction phase sputum culture conversions indicative of decreased Mtb burden reflecting good treatment responses. Serum DABK levels tended to increase during the induction phase and decrease at consolidation and post-therapy time points, which may indicate a shift from active disease to chronic inflammation to a disease free state. Elevated BK and DABK levels after treatment completion in one patient may be related to the subsequent recurrent TB disease. CONCLUSIONS Our pilot data suggests that changes in the circulating BK and DABK levels in adult TB patients can be used as potential surrogate markers of the host response both early and late in anti-TB treatment for both pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB patients. We will further exploit these host-response signatures in the future as biomarkers in combination with other clinical and microbiologic tools which may improve treatment efficacy and facilitate the development of host-directed therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Qian
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Duc T M Nguyen
- HMRI Molecular Tuberculosis Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yaojun Li
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, PR China
| | - Edward A Graviss
- HMRI Molecular Tuberculosis Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Tony Y Hu
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornel University, New York City, NY, 10065, USA.
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Kilstein Y, Nowak W, Errasti AE, Feás AAB, Armesto AR, Pelorosso FG, Rothlin RP. Involvement of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 5 in Kinin B1 Receptor Upregulation in Isolated Human Umbilical Veins. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:114-24. [PMID: 26769916 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.230169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The upregulated kinin B1 receptors exert a pivotal role in modulating inflammatory processes. In isolated human umbilical veins (HUVs), kinin B1 receptor is upregulated as a function of in vitro incubation time and proinflammatory stimuli. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using functional and biochemical methods, the involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) on the kinin B1 receptor upregulation process in HUV. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed for the first time that kinin B1 receptor mRNA expression closely parallels the functional sensitization to kinin B1 receptor selective agonist des-Arg(10)-kallidin (DAKD) in HUV. Moreover, the selective inhibition of ERK5, p38 MAPK, and JNK, but not ERK1/2, produced a dose-dependent rightward shift of the concentration-response curves to DAKD after 5-hour incubation and a reduction in kinin B1 receptor mRNA expression. Biochemical analyses showed that ERK5, p38 MAPK, and JNK phosphorylation is maximal during the first 2 hours postisolation, followed by a significant reduction in the last 3 hours. None of the treatments modified the responses to serotonin, an unrelated agonist, suggesting a specific effect on kinin B1 receptor upregulation. The present work provides for the first time pharmacologic evidence indicating that ERK5 plays a significant role on kinin B1 receptor upregulation. Furthermore, we confirm the relevance of p38 MAPK and JNK as well as the lack of effect of ERK1/2 in this process. This study may contribute to a better understanding of MAPK involvement in inflammatory and immunologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Kilstein
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Wanda Nowak
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Emilse Errasti
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antía Andrea Barcia Feás
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arnaldo Raúl Armesto
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Germán Pelorosso
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Pedro Rothlin
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Novel kinin B₁ receptor splice variant and 5'UTR regulatory elements are responsible for cell specific B₁ receptor expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87175. [PMID: 24475248 PMCID: PMC3903636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinin B1 receptor (B1R) is rapidly upregulated after tissue trauma or inflammation and is involved in cancer and inflammatory diseases such as asthma. However, the role of the: promoter; a postulated alternative promoter; and spliced variants in airway epithelial and other lung cells are poorly understood. We identified, in various lung cell lines and leucocytes, a novel, naturally occurring splice variant (SV) of human B1R gene with a shorter 5′untranslated region. This novel SV is ≈35% less stable than the wild-type (WT) transcript in lung adenocarcinoma cells (H2126), but does not influence translation efficiency. Cell-specific differences in splice variant expression were observed post des[Arg10]-kallidin stimulation with delayed upregulation of SV compared to WT suggesting potentially different regulatory responses to inflammation. Although an alternative promoter was not identified in our cell-lines, several cell-specific regulatory elements within the postulated alternative promoter region (negative response element (NRE) −1020 to −766 bp in H2126; positive response element (PRE) −766 to −410 bp in 16HBE; −410 to +1 region acts as a PRE in H2126 and NRE in 16HBE cells) were found. These findings reveal complex regulation of B1R receptor expression in pulmonary cells which may allow future therapeutic manipulation in chronic pulmonary inflammation and cancer.
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Zhang Y, Cardell LO, Edvinsson L, Xu CB. MAPK/NF-κB-dependent upregulation of kinin receptors mediates airway hyperreactivity: a new perspective for the treatment. Pharmacol Res 2013; 71:9-18. [PMID: 23428345 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Airway hyperreactivity (AHR) is a major feature of asthmatic and inflammatory airways. Cigarette smoke exposure, and bacterial and viral infections are well-known environmental risk factors for AHR, but knowledge about the underlying molecular mechanisms on how these risk factors lead to the development of AHR is limited. Activation of intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and their related signal pathways including protein kinase C (PKC), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathways may result in airway kinin receptor upregulation, which is suggested to play an important role in the development of AHR. Environmental risk factors trigger the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins (ILs) that activate intracellular MAPK- and NF-κB-dependent inflammatory pathways, which subsequently lead to AHR via kinin receptor upregulation. Blockage of intracellular MAPK/NF-κB signaling prevents kinin B₁ and B₂ receptor expression in the airways, resulting in a decrease in the response to bradykinin (kinin B₂ receptor agonist) and des-Arg⁹-bradykinin (kinin B₁ receptor agonist). This suggests that MAPK- and NF-κB-dependent kinin receptor upregulation can provide a novel option for treatment of AHR in asthmatic as well as in other inflammatory airway diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Zhang
- Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, People's Republic of China
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Shin HS, Ha UH. Up-regulation of human bradykinin B1 receptor by secreted components ofPseudomonas aeruginosavia a NF-κB pathway in epithelial cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:418-26. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2011.00868.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Talbot S, Lin JCJ, Lahjouji K, Roy JP, Sénécal J, Morin A, Couture R. Cigarette smoke-induced kinin B1 receptor promotes NADPH oxidase activity in cultured human alveolar epithelial cells. Peptides 2011; 32:1447-56. [PMID: 21600945 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2011] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary inflammation is an important pathological feature of tobacco smoke-related lung diseases. Kinin B1 receptor (B1R) is up-regulated in the rat trachea chronically exposed to cigarette-smoke. This study aimed at determining (1) whether exposure to total particulate matter of the cigarette smoke (TPM) can induce B1R in human alveolar epithelial A549 cells, (2) the mechanism of B1R induction, (3) the functionality of de novo synthesized B1R, and (4) the role of B1R in TPM-induced increase of superoxide anion (O₂(●⁻)) level. Results show that A549 cells exposed to 10 μg/ml TPM increased O₂(●⁻) level along with B1R (protein and mRNA) and IL-1β mRNA. In contrast, B2R and TNF-α mRNA were not affected by TPM. The increasing effect of TPM on O₂(●⁻) level was not significantly affected by the B1R antagonist SSR240612. TPM-increased B1R mRNA was prevented by co-treatments with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (potent antioxidant), diphenyleneiodonium (NADPH oxidase inhibitor), IL-1Ra (interleukin-1R antagonist) and SN-50 (specific inhibitor of NF-kB activation) but not by pentoxifylline (TNF-α release inhibitor), indomethacin and niflumic acid (COX-1 and -2 inhibitors). Stimulation of B1R with a selective agonist (des-Arg⁹-BK, 10 μM; 30 min) increased O₂(●⁻)production which was prevented by apocynin and diphenyleneiodonium (NADPH oxidase inhibitors). Data suggest that the increased expression of B1R by TPM in A549 cells is mediated by oxidative stress, IL-1β and NF-kB but not by cyclooxygenases or TNF-α. The amplification of O₂(●⁻) levels via the activation of B1R-NADPH oxidase may exacerbate pulmonary inflammation and contribute to the chronicity of tobacco smoke-related lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Talbot
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C3J7, Canada
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Rapala-Kozik M, Karkowska-Kuleta J, Ryzanowska A, Golda A, Barbasz A, Faussner A, Kozik A. Degradation of human kininogens with the release of kinin peptides by extracellular proteinases of Candida spp. Biol Chem 2011; 391:823-30. [PMID: 20624001 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The secretion of proteolytic enzymes by pathogenic microorganisms is one of the most successful strategies used by pathogens to colonize and infect the host organism. The extracellular microbial proteinases can seriously deregulate the homeostatic proteolytic cascades of the host, including the kinin-forming system, repeatedly reported to be activated during bacterial infection. The current study assigns a kinin-releasing activity to secreted proteinases of Candida spp. yeasts, the major fungal pathogens of humans. Of several Candida species studied, C. parapsilosis and C. albicans in their invasive filamentous forms are shown to produce proteinases which most effectively degrade proteinaceous kinin precursors, the kininogens. These enzymes, classified as aspartyl proteinases, have the highest kininogen-degrading activity at low pH (approx. 3.5), but the associated production of bradykinin-related peptides from a small fraction of kininogen molecules is optimal at neutral pH (6.5). The peptides effectively interact with cellular B2-type kinin receptors. Moreover, kinin-related peptides capable of interacting with inflammation-induced B1-type receptors are also formed, but with a reversed pH dependence. The presented variability of the potential extracellular kinin production by secreted aspartyl proteinases of Candida spp. is consistent with the known adaptability of these opportunistic pathogens to different niches in the host organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Campos MM, Leal PC, Yunes RA, Calixto JB. Non-peptide antagonists for kinin B1 receptors: new insights into their therapeutic potential for the management of inflammation and pain. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2006; 27:646-51. [PMID: 17056130 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2006.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2006] [Revised: 09/04/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Kinin B1 and B2 receptors are central to the aetiology of pain and inflammation. Constitutive B2 receptors are commonly associated with the acute phase of inflammation and nociception, whereas the inducible B1 receptors are mostly linked to the chronic or persistent phase (or both). Therefore, selective, orally active kinin B1 receptor antagonists could be potentially therapeutic. B1 receptor antagonists have long been exclusively peptides, but recently a few non-peptide representatives have been identified. The clinical potential of these non-peptide molecules has not yet been evaluated, but they might have a role in treating persistent inflammation and pain, especially when no satisfactory therapy is available. This review summarizes recent advances in the identification and the potential therapeutic properties of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88049-900, Brazil
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Newton R, Holden NS. New aspects of p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) biology in lung inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 3:53-61. [PMID: 32373184 PMCID: PMC7185389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ddmec.2006.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Lung inflammation features in asthma, chronic obstructive airways disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cystic fibrosis (CF) and others. Whilst in asthma anti-inflammatory glucocorticosteroids are generally effective, certain individuals are steroid resistant and in COPD, ARDS and CF, as well as disease exacerbations caused by infection, there seems little benefit. We summarise recent advances in p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) biology and document beneficial and possibly detrimental effects in respect of lung inflammation. Maria Belvisi – Imperial College School of Medicine, London, UK Stuart Farrow – GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Newton
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
| | - Neil S Holden
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
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