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Stavely R, Rahman AA, Sahakian L, Prakash MD, Robinson AM, Hassanzadeganroudsari M, Filippone RT, Fraser S, Eri R, Bornstein JC, Apostolopoulos V, Nurgali K. Divergent Adaptations in Autonomic Nerve Activity and Neuroimmune Signaling Associated With the Severity of Inflammation in Chronic Colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1229-1243. [PMID: 35380670 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is thought to play a critical role in the anti-inflammatory reflex pathway in acute colitis via its interaction with the spleen and colon. Inflammation in the intestine is associated with a blunting of vagal signaling and increased sympathetic activity. As a corollary, methods to restore sympatho-vagal balance are being investigated as therapeutic strategies for the treatment of intestinal inflammation. Nevertheless, it is indefinite whether these autonomic signaling adaptations in colitis are detrimental or beneficial to controlling intestinal inflammation. In this study, models of moderate and severe chronic colitis are utilized to resolve the correlations between sympatho-vagal signaling and the severity of intestinal inflammation. METHODS Spleens and colons were collected from Winnie (moderate colitis), Winnie-Prolapse (severe colitis), and control C57BL/6 mice. Changes to the size and histomorphology of spleens were evaluated. Flow cytometry was used to determine the expression of adrenergic and cholinergic signaling proteins in splenic B and T lymphocytes. The inflammatory profile of the spleen and colon was determined using a RT-PCR gene array. Blood pressure, heart rate, splanchnic sympathetic nerve and vagus nerve activity were recorded. RESULTS Spleens and colons from Winnie and Winnie-Prolapse mice exhibited gross abnormalities by histopathology. Genes associated with a pro-inflammatory response were upregulated in the colons from Winnie and further augmented in colons from Winnie-Prolapse mice. Conversely, many pro-inflammatory markers were downregulated in the spleens from Winnie-Prolapse mice. Heightened activity of the splanchnic nerve was observed in Winnie but not Winnie-Prolapse mice. Conversely, vagal nerve activity was greater in Winnie-Prolapse mice compared with Winnie mice. Splenic lymphocytes expressing α1 and β2 adrenoreceptors were reduced, but those expressing α7 nAChR and producing acetylcholine were increased in Winnie and Winnie-Prolapse mice. CONCLUSIONS Sympathetic activity may correlate with an adaptive mechanism to reduce the severity of chronic colitis. The Winnie and Winnie-Prolapse mouse models of moderate and severe chronic colitis are well suited to examine the pathophysiology of progressive chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhian Stavely
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ahmed A Rahman
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lauren Sahakian
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica D Prakash
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ainsley M Robinson
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Majid Hassanzadeganroudsari
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rhiannon T Filippone
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rajaraman Eri
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Joel C Bornstein
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vasso Apostolopoulos
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Western Centre for Health Research and Education, Sunshine Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Rahman AA, Stojanovska V, Pilowsky P, Nurgali K. Platinum accumulation in the brain and alteration in the central regulation of cardiovascular and respiratory functions in oxaliplatin-treated rats. Pflugers Arch 2020; 473:107-120. [PMID: 33074398 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02480-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a platinum-based alkylating chemotherapeutic agent used for cancer treatment. Neurotoxicity is one of its major adverse effects that often demands dose limitation. However, the effects of chronic oxaliplatin on the toxicity of the autonomic nervous system regulating cardiorespiratory function and adaptive reflexes are unknown. Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with intraperitoneal oxaliplatin (3 mg kg-1 per dose) 3 times a week for 14 days. The effects of chronic oxaliplatin treatment on baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP); heart rate (HR); splanchnic sympathetic nerve activity (sSNA); phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and its amplitude (PNamp) and frequency (PNf); and sympathetic reflexes were investigated in anaesthetised, vagotomised and artificially ventilated rats. The same parameters were evaluated after acute oxaliplatin injection, and in the chronic treatment group following a single dose of oxaliplatin. The amount of platinum in the brain was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Chronic oxaliplatin treatment significantly increased MAP, sSNA and PNf and decreased HR and PNamp, while acute oxaliplatin had no effects. Platinum was accumulated in the brain after chronic oxaliplatin treatment. In the chronic oxaliplatin treatment group, further administration of a single dose of oxaliplatin increased MAP and sSNA. The baroreceptor sensitivity and somatosympathetic reflex were attenuated at rest while the sympathoexcitatory response to hypercapnia was increased in the chronic treatment group. This is the first study to reveal oxaliplatin-induced alterations in the central regulation of cardiovascular and respiratory functions as well as reflexes that may lead to hypertension and breathing disorders which may be mediated via accumulated platinum in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Rahman
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Vanesa Stojanovska
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.,Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash Health Translation Precinct, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Pilowsky
- Heart Research Institute, Central Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- College of Health and Biomedicine, Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Medicine Western Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia. .,Enteric Neuropathy Lab, Western Centre for Health, Research & Education, Sunshine Hospital, 176 Furlong Road, St Albans, Melbourne, Victoria, 3021, Australia.
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Martinez VG, O'Driscoll L. Neuromedin U: a multifunctional neuropeptide with pleiotropic roles. Clin Chem 2015; 61:471-82. [PMID: 25605682 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2014.231753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuromedin U (NmU) belongs to the neuromedin family, comprising a series of neuropeptides involved in the gut-brain axis and including neuromedins B and C (bombesin-like), K (neurokinin B), L (neurokinin A or neurotensin), N, S, and U. CONTENT Although initially isolated from porcine spinal cord on the basis of their ability to induce uterine smooth muscle contraction, these peptides have now been found to be expressed in several different tissues and have been ascribed numerous functions, from appetite regulation and energy balance control to muscle contraction and tumor progression. NmU has been detected in several species to date, particularly in mammals (pig, rat, rabbit, dog, guinea pig, human), but also in amphibian, avian, and fish species. The NmU sequence is highly conserved across different species, indicating that this peptide is ancient and plays an important biological role. Here, we summarize the main structural and functional characteristics of NmU and describe its many roles, highlighting the jack-of-all-trades nature of this neuropeptide. SUMMARY NmU involvement in key processes has outlined the possibility that this neuropeptide could be a novel target for the treatment of obesity and cancer, among other disorders. Although the potential for NmU as a therapeutic target is obvious, the multiple functions of this molecule should be taken into account when designing an approach to targeting NmU and/or its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa G Martinez
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Rahman AA, Shahid IZ, Pilowsky PM. Neuromedin U causes biphasic cardiovascular effects and impairs baroreflex function in rostral ventrolateral medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rat. Peptides 2013; 44:15-24. [PMID: 23538213 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuromedin U (NMU) causes biphasic cardiovascular and sympathetic responses and attenuates adaptive reflexes in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and spinal cord in normotensive animal. However, the role of NMU in the pathogenesis of hypertension is unknown. The effect of NMU on baseline cardiorespiratory variables in the RVLM and spinal cord were investigated in urethane-anaesthetized, vagotomized and artificially ventilated male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Experiments were also conducted to determine the effects of NMU on somatosympathetic and baroreceptor reflexes in the RVLM of SHR and WKY. NMU injected into the RVLM and spinal cord elicited biphasic response, a brief pressor and sympathoexcitatory response followed by a prolonged depressor and sympathoinhibitory response in both hypertensive and normotensive rat models. The pressor, sympathoexcitatory and sympathoinhibitory responses evoked by NMU were exaggerated in SHR. Phrenic nerve amplitude was also increased following intrathecal or microinjection of NMU into the RVLM of both strains. NMU injection into the RVLM attenuated the somatosympathetic reflex in both SHR and WKY. Baroreflex sensitivity was impaired in SHR at baseline and further impaired following NMU injection into the RVLM. NMU did not affect baroreflex activity in WKY. The present study provides functional evidence that NMU can have an important effect on the cardiovascular and reflex responses that are integrated in the RVLM and spinal cord. A role for NMU in the development and maintenance of essential hypertension remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Rahman
- Australian School of Advanced Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2112, Australia
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Arakawa H, Kawabe K, Sapru HN. Angiotensin-(1-12) in the rostral ventrolateral medullary pressor area of the rat elicits sympathoexcitatory responses. Exp Physiol 2012; 98:94-108. [PMID: 22707504 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.067116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The rostral ventrolateral medullary pressor area (RVLM) is known to be critical in the regulation of cardiovascular function. In this study, it was hypothesized that the RVLM may be one of the sites of cardiovascular actions of a newly discovered angiotensin, angiotensin-(1-12) [Ang-(1-12)]. Experiments were carried out in urethane-anaesthetized, artificially ventilated, adult male Wistar rats. The RVLM was identified by microinjections of L-glutamate (5 mM). The volume of all microinjections into the RVLM was 100 nl. Microinjections of Ang-(1-12) (0.1-1.0 mM) into the RVLM elicited increases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Maximal cardiovascular responses were elicited by 0.5 mM Ang-(1-12); this concentration was used in the other experiments described. Microinjections of Ang-(1-12) increased greater splanchnic nerve activity. The tachycardic responses to Ang-(1-12) were not altered by bilateral vagotomy. The cardiovascular responses elicited by Ang-(1-12) were attenuated by microinjections of an angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) antagonist (losartan), but not an AT(2)R antagonist (PD123319), into the RVLM. Combined inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme and chymase in the RVLM abolished Ang-(1-12)-induced responses. Angiotensin-(1-12)-immunoreactive cells were present in the RVLM. Angiotensin II type 1 receptors and phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase were present in the RVLM neurons retrogradely labelled by microinjections of Fluoro-Gold into the intermediolateral cell column of the thoracic spinal cord. Angiotensin-(1-12)-containing neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus did not project to the RVLM. These results indicated that: (1) microinjections of Ang-(1-12) into the RVLM elicited increases in mean arterial pressure, heart rate and greater splanchnic nerve activity; (2) both angiotensin-converting enzyme and chymase were needed to convert Ang-(1-12) into angiotensin II; and (3) AT(1)Rs, but not AT(2)Rs, in the RVLM mediated the Ang-(1-12)-induced responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Arakawa
- Department of Neurological Surgery, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
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