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Zhang H, Zhang HR, Zhang J, Hu ML, Ren L, Luo QQ, Qi HZ. Discovery of novel S6K1 inhibitors by an ensemble-based virtual screening method and molecular dynamics simulation. J Mol Model 2023; 29:102. [PMID: 36933164 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (S6K1) is considered a potential target for the treatment of various diseases, such as obesity, type II diabetes, and cancer. Development of novel S6K1 inhibitors is an urgent and important task for the medicinal chemists. In this research, an effective ensemble-based virtual screening method, including common feature pharmacophore model, 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model, naïve Bayes classifier model, and molecular docking, was applied to discover potential S6K1 inhibitors from BioDiversity database with 29,158 compounds. Finally, 7 hits displayed considerable properties and considered as potential inhibitors against S6K1. Further, carefully analyzing the interactions between these 7 hits and key residues in the S6K1 active site, and comparing them with the reference compound PF-4708671, it was found that 2 hits exhibited better binding patterns. In order to further investigate the mechanism of the interactions between 2 hits and S6K1 at simulated physiological conditions, the molecular dynamics simulation was performed. The ΔGbind energies for S6K1-Hit1 and S6K1-Hit2 were - 111.47 ± 1.29 and - 54.29 ± 1.19 kJ mol-1, respectively. Furthermore, deep analysis of these results revealed that Hit1 was the most stable complex, which can stably bind to S6K1 active site, interact with all of the key residues, and induce H1, H2, and M-loop regions changes. Therefore, the identified Hit1 may be a promising lead compound for developing new S6K1 inhibitor for various metabolic diseases treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Rui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ling Hu
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Ren
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Qing Luo
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Zhao Qi
- College of Life Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, People's Republic of China
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Caixeta LS, Giesy SL, Krumm CS, Perfield JW, Butterfield A, Boisclair YR. Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) administration to early-lactating dairy cows. II. Pharmacokinetics, whole-animal performance, and lipid metabolism. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:11597-11608. [PMID: 31548064 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cows cope with severe energy insufficiency in early lactation by engaging in intense and sustained mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue. An unwanted side effect of this adaptation is excessive lipid accumulation in the liver, which in turn impairs hepatic functions. Mice experiencing increased hepatic fatty acid flux are protected from this condition through coordinated actions of the newly described hormone fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) on liver and adipose tissue. The possibility of an analogous role for FGF21 in dairy cows is suggested by its rapid increase in plasma levels around parturition followed by chronically elevated levels in the first few weeks of lactation. To test this hypothesis, dairy cows were randomly assigned on d 12.6 ± 2.2 (± standard error) of lactation to receive either an excipient (control; n = 6) or recombinant human FGF21 (n = 7), first as an FGF21 bolus of 3 mg/kg of body weight (BW) followed 2 d later by a constant i.v. infusion of FGF21 at a rate of 6.3 mg/kg of metabolic BW for 9 consecutive days. After bolus administration, human FGF21 circulated with a half-life of 194 min, and its constant infusion increased total plasma concentration 117-fold over levels in excipient-infused cows. The FGF21 treatment had no effect on voluntary feed intake, milk yield, milk energy output, or net energy balance measured over the 9-d infusion or on final BW. Plasma fatty acids circulated at lower concentrations in the FGF21 group than in the control group for the 8-h period following bolus administration, but this reduction was not significant during the period of constant i.v. infusion. Treatment with FGF21 caused a 50% reduction in triglyceride content in liver biopsies taken at the end of the constant i.v. infusion without altering the mRNA abundance of key genes involved in the transport, acyl coenzyme A activation, or oxidation of fatty acids. In contrast, FGF21 treatment ablated the recovery of plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 seen in control cows during the 9-d i.v. infusion period despite a tendency for higher plasma growth hormone. This effect was associated with increased hepatic mRNA abundance of the intracellular inhibitor of growth hormone receptor trafficking, LEPROT. Overall, these data confirm the ability of FGF21 to reduce lipid accumulation in bovine liver and suggest the possibility that FGF21 does so by attenuating the hepatic influx of adipose tissue-derived fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Caixeta
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - S L Giesy
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - C S Krumm
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - J W Perfield
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285
| | - A Butterfield
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285
| | - Y R Boisclair
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
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Laurentius T, Raffetseder U, Fellner C, Kob R, Nourbakhsh M, Floege J, Bertsch T, Bollheimer LC, Ostendorf T. High-fat diet-induced obesity causes an inflammatory microenvironment in the kidneys of aging Long-Evans rats. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2019; 16:14. [PMID: 31289451 PMCID: PMC6593534 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-019-0219-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). While the exact mechanisms remain unclear, inflammation may be a consequence of obesity that directly impacts the kidneys. The aim of this study was to examine the inflammatory status of the kidneys and potential ongoing renal damage, i.e., tubular damage and fibrosis after long-term obesity maintained through persistent consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD). Results Twenty-four-week-old male Long-Evans (LEV) rats were continuously fed a control diet (CD) or HFD for 51 weeks. The mean body weight was higher in HFD-fed rats than in control diet-fed rats and markedly elevated during the last 24 weeks. Blood analyses revealed no substantial alterations in renal functional parameters by HFD consumption but a substantial increase in creatine kinase, a muscle loss marker. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was utilized to quantify rat quadriceps muscle mass. The data showed that HFD-induced obesity in LEV rats was accompanied by minor decreases in muscle mass and strength at 75 weeks of age. Rat kidney inflammatory status was evaluated using histological and immunohistological techniques. The number of foci with immune cell infiltrates and infiltrating monocytes/macrophages was significantly increased in HFD-fed rat kidneys at week 75. Renal fibrosis parameters, including glomerulosclerosis and tubular damage, were also markedly increased in renal tissues from HFD-fed rats compared to the controls. The significant increase in tubular protein casts in HFD-fed rat tissues indicated that renal function was already disturbed. Rat kidney inflammatory status was further evaluated using the simultaneous profiling of twenty-two inflammatory markers in kidney tissue extracts. Consistently, MCP-1 and eotaxin (CCL11) levels were elevated in obese LEV rat kidneys. Conclusions Compared to CD-fed rats, HFD-fed obese LEV rats show significant damage of renal structures with aging. These subtle changes may sensitize the kidneys to the development of progressive CKD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12950-019-0219-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Laurentius
- 1Department of Geriatric Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Raffetseder
- 2Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudia Fellner
- 3Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Robert Kob
- 4Institute for Biomedicine of Aging, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, General Hospital Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Mahtab Nourbakhsh
- 1Department of Geriatric Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,6Department of Geriatric Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- 2Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, General Hospital Nuremberg, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Leo Cornelius Bollheimer
- 1Department of Geriatric Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tammo Ostendorf
- 2Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Nagy CT, Koncsos G, Varga ZV, Baranyai T, Tuza S, Kassai F, Ernyey AJ, Gyertyán I, Király K, Oláh A, Radovits T, Merkely B, Bukosza N, Szénási G, Hamar P, Mathé D, Szigeti K, Pelyhe C, Jelemenský M, Onódi Z, Helyes Z, Schulz R, Giricz Z, Ferdinandy P. Selegiline reduces adiposity induced by high-fat, high-sucrose diet in male rats. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3713-3726. [PMID: 29971762 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Incidence and severity of obesity are increasing worldwide, however, efficient and safe pharmacological treatments are not yet available. Certain MAO inhibitors reduce body weight, although their effects on metabolic parameters have not been investigated. Here, we have assessed effects of a widely used, selective MAO-B inhibitor, selegiline, on metabolic parameters in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male Long-Evans rats were given control (CON) or a high-fat (20%), high-sucrose (15%) diet (HFS) for 25 weeks. From week 16, animals were injected s.c. with 0.25 mg·kg-1 selegiline (CON + S and HFS + S) or vehicle (CON, HFS) once daily. Whole body, subcutaneous and visceral fat was measured by CT, and glucose and insulin tolerance were tested. Expression of glucose transporters and chemokines was assessed by quantitative RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS Selegiline decreased whole body fat, subcutaneous- and visceral adiposity, measured by CT and epididymal fat weight in the HFS group, compared with HFS placebo animals, without influencing body weight. Oral glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests showed impaired glucose homeostasis in HFS and HFS + S groups, although insulin levels in plasma and pancreas were unchanged. HFS induced expression of Srebp-1c, Glut1 and Ccl3 in adipose tissue, which were alleviated by selegiline. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Selegiline reduced adiposity, changes in adipose tissue energy metabolism and adipose inflammation induced by HFS diet without affecting the increased body weight, impairment of glucose homeostasis, or behaviour. These results suggest that selegiline could mitigate harmful effects of visceral adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Terézia Nagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Koncsos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Baranyai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sebestyén Tuza
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Kassai
- MTA-SE NAP B Cognitive Translational Behavioural Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aliz Judit Ernyey
- MTA-SE NAP B Cognitive Translational Behavioural Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Gyertyán
- MTA-SE NAP B Cognitive Translational Behavioural Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornél Király
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Oláh
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Bukosza
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szénási
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hamar
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Clinical Experimental Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Translational Medicine Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Pécs University, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Domokos Mathé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Szigeti
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Pelyhe
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marek Jelemenský
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zsófia Onódi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School and Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Germany
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
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