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Ferrante JR, Blendy JA. Advances in animal models of prenatal opioid exposure. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:367-382. [PMID: 38614891 PMCID: PMC11096018 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) is a growing public health concern. The complexity of in utero opioid exposure in clinical studies makes it difficult to investigate underlying mechanisms that could ultimately inform early diagnosis and treatments. Clinical studies are unable to dissociate the influence of maternal polypharmacy or the environment from direct effects of in utero opioid exposure, highlighting the need for effective animal models. Early animal models of prenatal opioid exposure primarily used the prototypical opioid, morphine, and opioid exposure that was often limited to a narrow period during gestation. In recent years, the number of preclinical studies has grown rapidly. Newer models utilize both prescription and nonprescription opioids and vary the onset and duration of opioid exposure. In this review, we summarize novel prenatal opioid exposure models developed in recent years and attempt to reconcile results between studies while critically identifying gaps within the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia R Ferrante
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julie A Blendy
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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2
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Chang L, Li G, Jiang S, Li J, Yang J, Shah K, Zhou L, Song H, Deng L, Luo Z, Guo Y, Yan Y. 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate inhibit T cell glycolysis in prostate cancer microenvironment by SHP1/PKM2/LDHB axis. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:101. [PMID: 38326896 PMCID: PMC10851605 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies demonstrated that 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) released by prostate cancer cells inhibits T cell proliferation and function by increasing SHP1 expression. We designed this study to further explore the influence of P5C on T cell metabolism, and produced an antibody for targeting P5C to restore the functions of T cells. METHOD We co-immunoprecipated SHP1 from T cells and analyzed the proteins that were bound to it using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). The influence of P5C on T cells metabolism was also detected by LC/MS-MS. Seahorse XF96 analyzer was further used to identify the effect of P5C on T cells glycolysis. We subsequently designed and produced an antibody for targeting P5C by monoclonal technique and verified its effectiveness to restore the function of T cells in vitro and in vivo. RESULT PKM2 and LDHB bind SHP1 in T cells, and P5C could increase the levels of p-PKM2 while having no effect on the levels of PKM2 and LDHB. We further found that P5C influences T cell energy metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. P5C also inhibits the activity of PKM2 and decreases the content of intracellular lactic acid while increasing the activity of LDH. Using seahorse XF96 analyzer, we confirmed that P5C remarkably inhibits glycolysis in T cells. We produced an antibody for targeting P5C by monoclonal technique and verified that the antibody could oppose the influence of P5C to restore the process of glycolysis and function in T cells. Meanwhile, the antibody also inhibits the growth of prostate tumors in an animal model. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that P5C inhibits the process of glycolysis in T cells by targeting SHP1/PKM2/LDHB complexes. Moreover, it is important that the antibody for targeting P5C could restore the function of T cells and inhibit the growth of prostate tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chang
- Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China.
| | - Guohao Li
- Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Kavita Shah
- Department of Chemistry and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Le Zhou
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Hanrui Song
- First Clinical College of College of Medicine and Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Leyuan Deng
- First Clinical College of College of Medicine and Nursing, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zhiguo Luo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yonglian Guo
- Department of Urology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Yutao Yan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.
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3
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Rajalingam D, Boix F, Khoder A, Andersen JM, Paulsen RE. Distribution of morphine and methadone to the brain in a developmental chicken embryo model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 479:116731. [PMID: 37866706 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
The use and/or misuse of opioids by pregnant women would expose the fetuses to these drugs during critical stages of development with serious effects for the newborn, like the neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS). We have revisited an established chicken model for NAS to describe the distribution of morphine and methadone to the brain and explore its validity as a valuable alternative to rodent models. For this purpose, chicken eggs were injected with a single dose of 10 mg/kg or 20 mg/kg morphine or 20 mg/kg methadone onto the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) on embryonal day 13. Whole brains and lungs were harvested and the concentrations of morphine, methadone and their subsequent metabolites (morphine-3-glucuronide and EDDP, respectively) determined in the brain and lungs at different time points using LC-MS/MS. Morphine and methadone, as well as their metabolites, were detected both in the brain and lungs, with significantly higher concentrations in the lungs. Pharmacokinetic modelling showed that the distribution of morphine to the brain followed a first-order absorption with transit compartments and linear elimination, with concentrations linearly dependent on dose. Moreover, methadone, but not morphine, reduced μ receptor (the main morphine receptor) binding, which can be of relevance for opioid tolerance. The present study is the first to report the brain distribution of morphine, which can be described by standard pharmacokinetic processes, and methadone in the developing chicken embryo. The present findings supplement the already established model and support the use of this chicken model to study NAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaksshaginy Rajalingam
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1068, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Fernando Boix
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Ala Khoder
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1068, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannike Mørch Andersen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1068, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway; Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Elisabeth Paulsen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O Box 1068, Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway.
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4
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Simmons SC, Grecco GG, Atwood BK, Nugent FS. Effects of prenatal opioid exposure on synaptic adaptations and behaviors across development. Neuropharmacology 2023; 222:109312. [PMID: 36334764 PMCID: PMC10314127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on prenatal opioid exposure (POE) given the significant concern for the mental health outcomes of children with parents affected by opioid use disorder (OUD) in the view of the current opioid crisis. We highlight some of the less explored interactions between developmental age and sex on synaptic plasticity and associated behavioral outcomes in preclinical POE research. We begin with an overview of the rich literature on hippocampal related behaviors and plasticity across POE exposure paradigms. We then discuss recent work on reward circuit dysregulation following POE. Additional risk factors such as early life stress (ELS) could further influence synaptic and behavioral outcomes of POE. Therefore, we include an overview on the use of preclinical ELS models where ELS exposure during key critical developmental periods confers considerable vulnerability to addiction and stress psychopathology. Here, we hope to highlight the similarity between POE and ELS on development and maintenance of opioid-induced plasticity and altered opioid-related behaviors where similar enduring plasticity in reward circuits may occur. We conclude the review with some of the limitations that should be considered in future investigations. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Opioid-induced addiction'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Simmons
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Greg G Grecco
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Brady K Atwood
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Fereshteh S Nugent
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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5
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Baehr CA, Wu MM, Pandit SG, Arias-Umana J, AuCoin D, Pravetoni M. Pharmacological Profiling of Antifentanyl Monoclonal Antibodies in Combination with Naloxone in Pre- and Postexposure Models of Fentanyl Toxicity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2022; 381:129-136. [PMID: 35153198 PMCID: PMC9048265 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.001048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of fatal drug overdoses in the United States is an alarming public health threat that has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in over 100,000 deaths between April 2020 and April 2021. A significant portion of this is attributable to widespread access to fentanyl and other synthetic opioids, alone or in combination with heroin or psychostimulants, such as cocaine or methamphetamine. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) offer prophylactic and therapeutic interventions against opioid overdose by binding opioids in serum, reducing distribution of drug to the brain and other organs. Here, we investigated the efficacy of a leading antifentanyl mAb, clone HY6-F9, in reversal and prevention of fentanyl-induced toxicity compared with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (NLX) in rats. In postexposure models, rats were challenged with fentanyl, followed by HY6-F9, NLX, or both. HY6-F9 reversed fentanyl-induced antinociception, respiratory depression, and bradycardia, and rats retained protection against additional challenges for at least 1 week. Although intravenous NLX reversed fentanyl-induced respiratory depression more rapidly than mAb alone, kinetics of reversal by intravenous mAb were similar to subcutaneous NLX. Coadministration of mAb and NLX provided greater protection than individual treatments against high doses of fentanyl. Prophylactic administration of mAb reduced the ED50 of NLX approximately twofold against 2.25 mg/kg of fentanyl. Finally, mAb sequestered fentanyl and its metabolite norfentanyl in serum and reduced brain concentrations of fentanyl. These results support the translation of mAb as medical interventions alone or in combination with NLX to prevent and reverse fentanyl-related overdose. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Fentanyl-related overdoses have increased dramatically in the US and worldwide. Currently, approved pharmacotherapies for treatment of opioid use disorder and reversal of overdose are not sufficient to curb the incidence of opioid-related deaths. Additionally, fentanyl and its potent analogs present a potential risk from use in deliberate poisoning or chemical attacks. This study demonstrates the use of monoclonal antibodies as a countermeasure to fentanyl-induced toxicity in pre- and postexposure scenarios, supporting their use in combination with the opioid antagonist naloxone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A Baehr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.A.B., M.M.W., M.P.); Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.M.W.); Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada (S.G.P., J.A.-U., D.A.); University of Minnesota Center for Immunology, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.P.)
| | - Mariah M Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.A.B., M.M.W., M.P.); Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.M.W.); Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada (S.G.P., J.A.-U., D.A.); University of Minnesota Center for Immunology, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.P.)
| | - Sujata G Pandit
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.A.B., M.M.W., M.P.); Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.M.W.); Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada (S.G.P., J.A.-U., D.A.); University of Minnesota Center for Immunology, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.P.)
| | - Jose Arias-Umana
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.A.B., M.M.W., M.P.); Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.M.W.); Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada (S.G.P., J.A.-U., D.A.); University of Minnesota Center for Immunology, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.P.)
| | - David AuCoin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.A.B., M.M.W., M.P.); Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.M.W.); Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada (S.G.P., J.A.-U., D.A.); University of Minnesota Center for Immunology, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.P.)
| | - Marco Pravetoni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota (C.A.B., M.M.W., M.P.); Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.M.W.); Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada (S.G.P., J.A.-U., D.A.); University of Minnesota Center for Immunology, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.); and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington (M.P.)
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6
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Grecco GG, Haggerty DL, Reeves KC, Gao Y, Maulucci D, Atwood BK. Prenatal opioid exposure reprograms the behavioural response to future alcohol reward. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13136. [PMID: 35229956 PMCID: PMC8896285 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
As the opioid crisis has continued to grow, so has the number of infants exposed to opioids during the prenatal period. A growing concern is that prenatal exposure to opioids may induce persistent neurological changes that increase the propensity for future addictions. Although alcohol represents the most likely addictive substance that the growing population of prenatal opioid exposed will encounter as they mature, no studies to date have examined the effect of prenatal opioid exposure on future sensitivity to alcohol reward. Using a recently developed mouse model of prenatal methadone exposure (PME), we investigated the rewarding properties of alcohol and alcohol consumption in male and female adolescent PME and prenatal saline exposed (PSE) control animals. Conditioned place preference to alcohol was disrupted in PME offspring in a sex-dependent manner with PME males exhibiting resistance to the rewarding properties of alcohol. Repeated injections of alcohol revealed enhanced sensitivity to the locomotor-stimulating effects of alcohol specific to PME females. PME males consumed significantly more alcohol over 4 weeks of alcohol access relative to PSE males and exhibited increased resistance to quinine-adulterated alcohol. Further, a novel machine learning model was developed to employ measured differences in alcohol consumption and drinking microstructure to reliably predict prenatal exposure. These findings indicate that PME alters the sensitivity to alcohol reward in adolescent mice in a sex-specific manner and suggests prenatal opioid exposure may induce persistent effects on reward neurocircuitry that can reprogram offspring behavioural response to alcohol later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory G. Grecco
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Indiana University School of Medicine, Medical Scientist Training Program, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - David L. Haggerty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kaitlin C. Reeves
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Danielle Maulucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Brady K. Atwood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.,Corresponding Author: Brady K. Atwood, Ph.D. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Contact: 320 W. 15th St, Indianapolis, IN 46202, NB 400-C. phone: 317-274-8917.
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7
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Rimawi I, Ornoy A, Yanai J. Paternal and/or maternal preconception-induced neurobehavioral teratogenicity in animal and human models. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:103-121. [PMID: 34087361 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal insult exposure effects on the offspring, have and are still considered the main interest of most teratological studies, while paternal and maternal preconception effects have received relatively little interest. Once thought to be a myth, paternal exposure to insults leading to numerous detrimental effects in the offspring, has been confirmed on several occasions and is gaining increased attention. These effects could be demonstrated molecularly, biochemically and/or behaviorally. Different epigenetic mechanisms have been proposed for these effects to occur, including DNA methylation, histone modification and sperm RNA transmission. Paternal insult exposure has been shown to cause several neurobehavioral and developmental defects in the offspring. Findings on parental insult exposure effects on the progeny will be discussed in this review, with the main focus being on neurobehavioral effects after parental preconceptional exposure. The exposure to the insults induced long-lasting, mostly marked, defects. A few pioneering, prevention and reversal studies were published. Interestingly, most studies were conducted on paternal exposure and, at the present state of this field, on animal models. Clinical translation remains the subsequent challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issam Rimawi
- The Ross Laboratory for Studies in Neural Birth Defects, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research - Israel-Canada and The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Box 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Asher Ornoy
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Israel; Laboratory of Teratology, department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research - Israel-Canada and The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Box 12272, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Joseph Yanai
- The Ross Laboratory for Studies in Neural Birth Defects, Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research - Israel-Canada and The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Box 12272, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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8
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Akbarabadi A, Sadat-Shirazi MS, Kabbaj M, Nouri Zadeh-Tehrani S, Khalifeh S, Pirri F, Zarrindast MR. Effects of Morphine and Maternal Care on Behaviors and Protein Expression of Male Offspring. Neuroscience 2021; 466:58-76. [PMID: 33915201 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Genes and environment interact during development to alter gene expression and behavior. Parental morphine exposure before conception has devastating effects on the offspring. In the present study, we evaluated the role of maternal care in the intergenerational effect of maternal morphine exposure. Female rats received morphine or saline for ten days and were drugfree for another ten days. Thereafter, they were allowed to mate with drug-naïve male rats. When pups were born, they were cross-fostered to assess the contribution of maternal care versus morphine effects on the offspring. Adult male offspring were examined for anxiety-like behavior, spatial memory, and obsessive-compulsive-like behavior. To determine the mechanisms underlying the observed behavioral changes, protein levels of acetylated histone H3, BDNF, Trk-B, NMDA subunits, p-CREB, and 5-HT3R were measured in the brain. Our results indicate that maternal caregiving is impaired in morphine-abstinent mothers. Interestingly, maternal care behaviors were also affected in drug-naïve mothers that raised offspring of morphine-exposed mothers. In addition, the offspring of morphine abstinent and non-drug dependent mothers, when raised by morphine abstinent mothers, exhibited more anxiety, obsessive-compulsive behaviors and impaired spatial memory. These altered behaviors were associated with alterations in the levels of the above-mentioned proteins. These data illustrate the intergenerational effects of maternal morphine exposure on offspring behaviors. Moreover, exposure to morphine before gestation not only affects maternal care and offspring behavior, but also has negative consequences on behaviors and protein expression in adoptive mothers of affected offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardeshir Akbarabadi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohamed Kabbaj
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1270, United States; Program of Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1270, United States
| | | | - Solmaz Khalifeh
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardad Pirri
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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Prenatal opioid exposure and vulnerability to future substance use disorders in offspring. Exp Neurol 2021; 339:113621. [PMID: 33516730 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The heightened incidence of opioid use during pregnancy has resulted in unprecedented rates of neonates prenatally exposed to opioids. Prenatal opioid exposure (POE) results in significantly adverse medical, developmental, and behavioral outcomes in offspring. Of growing interest is whether POE contributes to future vulnerability to substance use disorders. The effects of POE on brain development is difficult to assess in humans, as the timing, dose, and route of drug exposure together with complex genetic and environmental factors affect susceptibility to addiction. Preclinical models of POE have allowed us to avoid methodological difficulties and confounding factors of POE in humans. Here, we review the effects of maternal opioid exposure on the developing brain with an emphasis on the neurobiological basis of drug addiction and on preclinical models of POE and their limitations. These studies have indicated that POE increases self-administration of drugs, reward-driven behaviors in the conditioned place paradigm, and locomotor sensitization. While addiction is multifaceted and vulnerability to drug addiction is still inconclusive in human studies of prenatally exposed infants, animal studies do provide a noteworthy corroboration of negative behavioral outcomes.
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Prenatal Opioid Exposure Enhances Responsiveness to Future Drug Reward and Alters Sensitivity to Pain: A Review of Preclinical Models and Contributing Mechanisms. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0393-20.2020. [PMID: 33060181 PMCID: PMC7768284 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0393-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid crisis has resulted in an unprecedented number of neonates born with prenatal opioid exposure (POE); however, the long-term effects of POE on offspring behavior and neurodevelopment remain relatively unknown. The advantages and disadvantages of the various preclinical POE models developed over the last several decades are discussed in the context of clinical and translational relevance. Although considerable and important variability exists among preclinical models of POE, the examination of these preclinical models has revealed that opioid exposure during the prenatal period contributes to maladaptive behavioral development as offspring mature including an altered responsiveness to rewarding drugs and increased pain response. The present review summarizes key findings demonstrating the impact of POE on offspring drug self-administration (SA), drug consumption, the reinforcing properties of drugs, drug tolerance, and other reward-related behaviors such as hypersensitivity to pain. Potential underlying molecular mechanisms which may contribute to this enhanced addictive phenotype in POE offspring are further discussed with special attention given to key brain regions associated with reward including the striatum, prefrontal cortex (PFC), ventral tegmental area (VTA), hippocampus, and amygdala. Improvements in preclinical models and further areas of study are also identified which may advance the translational value of findings and help address the growing problem of POE in clinical populations.
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Baehr C, Kelcher AH, Khaimraj A, Reed DE, Pandit SG, AuCoin D, Averick S, Pravetoni M. Monoclonal Antibodies Counteract Opioid-Induced Behavioral and Toxic Effects in Mice and Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:469-477. [PMID: 32980813 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and vaccines have been proposed as medical countermeasures to treat opioid use disorder (OUD) and prevent opioid overdose. In contrast to current pharmacotherapies (e.g., methadone, buprenorphine, naltrexone, and naloxone) for OUD and overdose, which target brain opioid receptors, mAbs and vaccine-generated polyclonal antibodies sequester the target opioid in the serum and reduce drug distribution to the brain. Furthermore, mAbs offer several potential clinical benefits over approved medications, such as longer serum half-life, higher selectivity, reduced side effects, and no abuse liability. Using magnetic enrichment to isolate opioid-specific B cell lymphocytes prior to fusion with myeloma partners, this study identified a series of murine hybridoma cell lines expressing mAbs with high affinity for opioids of clinical interest, including oxycodone, heroin and its active metabolites, and fentanyl. In mice, passive immunization with lead mAbs against oxycodone, heroin, and fentanyl reduced drug-induced antinociception and the distribution of the target opioid to the brain. In mice and rats, mAb pretreatment reduced fentanyl-induced respiratory depression and bradycardia, two risk factors for opioid-related overdose fatality. Overall, these results support use of mAbs to counteract toxic effects of opioids and other chemical threats. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The incidence of fatal overdoses due to the widespread access to heroin, prescription opioids, and fentanyl suggests that current Food and Drug Administration-approved countermeasures are not sufficient to mitigate the opioid epidemic. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may provide acute protection from overdose by binding to circulating opioids in serum. Use of mAbs prophylactically, or after exposure in combination with naloxone, may reduce hospitalization and increase survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Baehr
- Departments of Pharmacology (C.B., A.H.K., A.K., M.P.), Veterinary Population Medicine (C.B.), and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (A.H.K.), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada (D.E.R., S.G.P., D.A.); Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.A.); and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.)
| | - April Huseby Kelcher
- Departments of Pharmacology (C.B., A.H.K., A.K., M.P.), Veterinary Population Medicine (C.B.), and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (A.H.K.), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada (D.E.R., S.G.P., D.A.); Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.A.); and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.)
| | - Aaron Khaimraj
- Departments of Pharmacology (C.B., A.H.K., A.K., M.P.), Veterinary Population Medicine (C.B.), and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (A.H.K.), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada (D.E.R., S.G.P., D.A.); Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.A.); and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.)
| | - Dana E Reed
- Departments of Pharmacology (C.B., A.H.K., A.K., M.P.), Veterinary Population Medicine (C.B.), and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (A.H.K.), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada (D.E.R., S.G.P., D.A.); Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.A.); and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.)
| | - Sujata G Pandit
- Departments of Pharmacology (C.B., A.H.K., A.K., M.P.), Veterinary Population Medicine (C.B.), and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (A.H.K.), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada (D.E.R., S.G.P., D.A.); Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.A.); and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.)
| | - David AuCoin
- Departments of Pharmacology (C.B., A.H.K., A.K., M.P.), Veterinary Population Medicine (C.B.), and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (A.H.K.), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada (D.E.R., S.G.P., D.A.); Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.A.); and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.)
| | - Saadyah Averick
- Departments of Pharmacology (C.B., A.H.K., A.K., M.P.), Veterinary Population Medicine (C.B.), and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (A.H.K.), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada (D.E.R., S.G.P., D.A.); Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.A.); and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.)
| | - Marco Pravetoni
- Departments of Pharmacology (C.B., A.H.K., A.K., M.P.), Veterinary Population Medicine (C.B.), and Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (A.H.K.), University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Reno School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada (D.E.R., S.G.P., D.A.); Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (S.A.); and Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota (M.P.)
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12
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Kongstorp M, Bogen IL, Steinsland S, Nerem E, Salih TW, Stiris T, Andersen JM. Prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine alters µ-opioid receptor binding and downstream signaling in the rat brain. Int J Dev Neurosci 2020; 80:443-453. [PMID: 32484968 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing concern related to the use of opioid maintenance treatment during pregnancy. Studies in both humans and animals have reported reduced cognitive functioning in offspring prenatally exposed to methadone or buprenorphine; however, little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these impairments. To reveal possible neurobiological effects of such in utero exposure, we examined brain tissue from methadone- and buprenorphine-exposed rat offspring previously shown to display impaired learning and memory. We studied µ-opioid receptor (MOR) and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) binding in the rat offspring cerebrum during development and in the hippocampus at young adulthood. Moreover, we examined activation of the Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which are central in the downstream signaling of these receptors. The methadone- and buprenorphine-exposed rat pups displayed reduced MOR binding up to two weeks after birth, whereas the NMDAR binding was unaffected. Prenatal exposure to methadone or buprenorphine also resulted in decreased activation of CaMKII and/or ERK during development, while young adult offspring displayed increased hippocampal ERK activation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that prenatal exposure to exogenous opioids, such as methadone or buprenorphine, may disturb the endogenous opioid system during development, with long-term effects on proteins important for cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Kongstorp
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger Lise Bogen
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Synne Steinsland
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabeth Nerem
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Tom Stiris
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannike Mørch Andersen
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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13
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Abstract
Buprenorphine has not only had an interdisciplinary impact on our understanding of key neuroscience topics like opioid pharmacology, pain signaling, and reward processing but has also been a key influence in changing the way that substance use disorders are approached in modern medical systems. From its leading role in expanding outpatient treatment of opioid use disorders to its continued influence on research into next-generation analgesics, buprenorphine has been a continuous player in the ever-evolving societal perception of opioids and substance use disorder. To provide a multifaceted account on the enormous diversity of areas where this molecule has made an impact, this article discusses buprenorphine's chemical properties, synthesis and development, pharmacology, adverse effects, manufacturing information, and historical place in the field of chemical neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L. Kyzer
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Cody J. Wenthur
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Pharmacy, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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14
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Fjelldal MF, Hadera MG, Kongstorp M, Austdal LPE, Šulović A, Andersen JM, Paulsen RE. Opioid receptor-mediated changes in the NMDA receptor in developing rat and chicken. Int J Dev Neurosci 2019; 78:19-27. [PMID: 31351113 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of opioids during pregnancy has been associated with neurodevelopmental toxicity in exposed children, leading to cognitive and behavioural deficits later in life. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunit GluN2B plays critical roles in cerebellar development, and methadone has been shown to possess NMDAR antagonist effect. Consequently, we wanted to explore if prenatal opioid exposure affected GluN2B subunit expression and NMDAR function in rat and chicken cerebellum. Pregnant rats were exposed to methadone (10 mg/kg/day) or buprenorphine (1 mg/kg/day) for the whole period of gestation, using an osmotic minipump. To further examine potential effects of prenatal opioid exposure in a limited time window, chicken embryos were exposed to a 20 mg/kg dose of methadone or morphine on embryonic days 13 and 14. Western blot analysis of cerebella isolated from 14 days old rat pups exposed to buprenorphine showed significantly lower level of the GluN2B subunit, while the opioid exposed chicken embryo cerebellar GluN2B expression remained unaffected at embryonic day 17. However, we observed increased NMDA/glycine-induced calcium influx in cerebellar granule neurone cultures from opioid exposed chicken embryos. We conclude that prenatal opioid exposure leads to opioid receptor-dependent reduction in the postnatal expression of GluN2B in rat cerebella, and increase in NMDA-induced calcium influx in chicken embryo cerebella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Fredheim Fjelldal
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Mussie Ghezu Hadera
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Mette Kongstorp
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Lars Peter Engeset Austdal
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana Šulović
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Jannike Mørch Andersen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway.,Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Ragnhild Elisabeth Paulsen
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway
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15
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Smith LC, Bremer PT, Hwang CS, Zhou B, Ellis B, Hixon MS, Janda KD. Monoclonal Antibodies for Combating Synthetic Opioid Intoxication. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:10489-10503. [PMID: 31187995 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b04872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Opioid abuse in the United States has been declared a national crisis and is exacerbated by an inexpensive, readily available, and illicit supply of synthetic opioids. Specifically, fentanyl and related analogues such as carfentanil pose a significant danger to opioid users due to their high potency and rapid acting depression of respiration. In recent years these synthetic opioids have become the number one cause of drug-related deaths. In our research efforts to combat the public health threat posed by synthetic opioids, we have developed monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the fentanyl class of drugs. The mAbs were generated in hybridomas derived from mice vaccinated with a fentanyl conjugate vaccine. Guided by a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) binding assay, we selected six hybridomas that produced mAbs with 10-11 M binding affinity for fentanyl, yet broad cross-reactivity with related fentanyl analogues. In mouse antinociception models, our lead mAb (6A4) could blunt the effects of both fentanyl and carfentanil in a dose-responsive manner. Additionally, mice pretreated with 6A4 displayed enhanced survival when subjected to fentanyl above LD50 doses. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that the antibody sequesters large amounts of these drugs in the blood, thus reducing drug biodistribution to the brain and other tissue. Lastly, the 6A4 mAb could effectively reverse fentanyl/carfentanil-induced antinociception comparable to the opioid antagonist naloxone, the standard of care drug for treating opioid overdose. While naloxone is known for its short half-life, we found the half-life of 6A4 to be approximately 6 days in mice, thus monoclonal antibodies could theoretically be useful in preventing renarcotization events in which opioid intoxication recurs following quick metabolism of naloxone. Our results as a whole demonstrate that monoclonal antibodies could be a desirable treatment modality for synthetic opioid overdose and possibly opioid use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren C Smith
- Departments of Chemistry, Immunology and Microbial Science, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Paul T Bremer
- Departments of Chemistry, Immunology and Microbial Science, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States.,Cessation Therapeutics LLC , 3031 Tisch Way Ste 505 , San Jose , California 95128 , United States
| | - Candy S Hwang
- Departments of Chemistry, Immunology and Microbial Science, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States.,Department of Chemistry , Southern Connecticut State University , New Haven , Connecticut 06515 , United States
| | - Bin Zhou
- Departments of Chemistry, Immunology and Microbial Science, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Beverly Ellis
- Departments of Chemistry, Immunology and Microbial Science, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Mark S Hixon
- Departments of Chemistry, Immunology and Microbial Science, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States.,Mark S. Hixon Consulting LLC , 11273 Spitfire Road , San Diego , California 92126 , United States
| | - Kim D Janda
- Departments of Chemistry, Immunology and Microbial Science, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 N Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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