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Xue H, Luo Q, Chen J, Fan W. Assessing the Causal Relationship between Genetically Determined Inflammatory Cytokines and Parkinson's Disease Risk: A Bidirectional Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. J Immunol Res 2024; 2024:9069870. [PMID: 38455364 PMCID: PMC10919978 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9069870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Observational studies have suggested an association between inflammatory cytokines and Parkinson's disease (PD). This Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to further assess the causal correlations between inflammatory cytokines and PD. Methods Genetic instruments associated with inflammatory cytokines were extracted from a large summary genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving 8,293 European participants. Summary-level statistics for PD were obtained from a large-sample GWAS containing 17 studies that involved European participants. Causalities of exposures and outcomes were explored mainly using inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Results The IVW method indicated that basic fibroblast growth factor (FGFBasic), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) may be suggestively associated with the risk of PD (OR: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.52-0.96, P = 0.027; OR: 1.18, 95%CI: 1.01-1.38, P = 0.041; and OR: 1.23, 95%CI: 1.04-1.46, P = 0.018). In the reverse direction, monokine induced by interferon gamma (MIG), beta nerve growth factor (bNGF), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and interferon gamma (IFNg) are suggested to be the consequences of PD. Conclusion Our MR analysis indicated that suggestive associations between circulating levels of FGFBasic, IL-2, and MIF and PD risk. In addition, MIG, bNGF, IL-17, and IFNg are more likely to be involved in the development of downstream PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xue
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Jian Yang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610213, China
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Kant R, Mishra N, Kandhari K, Saba L, Michel C, Reisdorph R, Tewari-Singh N, Pantcheva MB, Petrash JM, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Dexamethasone targets actin cytoskeleton signaling and inflammatory mediators to reverse sulfur mustard-induced toxicity in rabbit corneas. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 483:116834. [PMID: 38266871 PMCID: PMC10923037 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sulfur mustard (SM), a bi-functional alkylating agent, was used during World War I and the Iran-Iraq war. SM toxicity is ten times higher in eyes than in other tissues. Cornea is exceptionally susceptible to SM-injuries due to its anterior positioning and mucous-aqueous interphase. Ocular SM exposure induces blepharitis, photosensitivity, dry eye, epithelial defects, limbal ischemia and stem cell deficiency, and mustard gas keratopathy leading to temporary or permanent vision impairments. We demonstrated that dexamethasone (Dex) is a potent therapeutic intervention against SM-induced corneal injuries; however, its mechanism of action is not well known. Investigations employing proteomic profiling (LC-MS/MS) to understand molecular mechanisms behind SM-induced corneal injury and Dex efficacy were performed in the rabbit cornea exposed to SM and then received Dex treatment. PEAKS studio was used to extract, search, and summarize peptide identity. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used for pathway identification. Validation was performed using immunofluorescence. One-Way ANOVA (FDR < 0.05; p < 0.005) and Student's t-test (p < 0.05) were utilized for analyzing proteomics and IF data, respectively. Proteomic analysis revealed that SM-exposure upregulated tissue repair pathways, particularly actin cytoskeleton signaling and inflammation. Prominently dysregulated proteins included lipocalin2, coronin1A, actin-related protein2, actin-related protein2/3 complex subunit2, actin-related protein2/3 complex subunit4, cell division cycle42, ezrin, bradykinin/kininogen1, moesin, and profilin. Upregulated actin cytoskeleton signaling increases F-actin formation, dysregulating cell shape and motility. Dex reversed SM-induced increases in the aforementioned proteins levels to near control expression profiles. Dex aids corneal wound healing and improves corneal integrity via actin cytoskeletal signaling and anti-inflammatory effects following SM-induced injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Kant
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Neha Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kushal Kandhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laura Saba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Cole Michel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Richard Reisdorph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Neera Tewari-Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Mina B Pantcheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Mark Petrash
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado-Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Reddy DS. Special Section on Medical Countermeasures, From Bench to Battlefield: Translating Experimental Therapies for Effective Combat Against Chemical Threats-Editorial. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:257-259. [PMID: 38233225 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.002025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Doodipala Samba Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
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Reddy DS. Progress and Challenges in Developing Medical Countermeasures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Threat Agents. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:260-267. [PMID: 38233227 PMCID: PMC10801730 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.002040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This Commentary delves into the current progress and challenges on ongoing research on medical countermeasures (MCs) for chemical, biologic, radiologic, and nuclear (CBRN) threats. CBRN agents pose a serious risk to human health and safety, with the potential for mass casualties in both military and civilian settings. Chemical threats are toxic compounds that could be used in a terrorist attack, an accidental release, or chemical warfare. They include nerve agents, organophosphates, pulmonary agents, metabolic/cellular agents, vesicants, ocular toxicants, and opioid agents. Developing effective MCs is crucial for mitigating the acute and chronic effects of exposure to CBRN agents. The papers in this special issue of JPET highlights the latest advancements in MC research, showcasing insightful outcomes on experimental models, mechanisms, and translational research on MCs for CBRN threats. They portray several notable contributions, including the development of neurosteroid and combination anticonvulsant therapies for nerve agent poisoning, the exploration of chronic impacts and diagnostic tracers for OP neurotoxicity, the establishment of innovative pediatric OP models, the identification of novel molecules for ocular, pulmonary and vesicant injuries, and the repurposing of existing drugs for the treatment of botulism, cyanide, and OP poisoning. These crucial outcomes underscore the breadth of current research covering a variety of chemical threats. Overall, this collection of articles highlights the importance of ongoing research and development in the field of MCs, emphasizing the potential of these countermeasures to effectively treat and mitigate the effects of toxicant exposures and thereby enhance our preparedness for mass casualty incidents. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: CBRN agents pose a significant threat to public health. Effective MCs exist for certain chemical threats, but there is a need for new and improved MCs for many others. The research presented in this special issue of JPET highlights the latest advancements in MCs for CBRN threats. This research has the potential to lead to the development of new and repurposed MCs that are more effective, broad-spectrum, and easier to administer to mitigate acute and long-term consequences of chemical exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doodipala Samba Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine and Institute of Pharmacology and Neurotherapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
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