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Li B, Cao Y, Li YH, Cai WQ, Liu WY, Ren JG, Liao SK, Wu HN, Li SL, Li L, Liu NL, Lu CY, Yin J, Chen YA, Peng CZ, Pan JW. Quantum State Transfer over 1200 km Assisted by Prior Distributed Entanglement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:170501. [PMID: 35570417 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.170501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Long-distance quantum state transfer (QST), which can be achieved with the help of quantum teleportation, is a core element of important quantum protocols. A typical situation for QST based on teleportation is one in which two remote communication partners (Alice and Bob) are far from the entanglement source (Charlie). Because of the atmospheric turbulence, it is challenging to implement the Bell-state measurement after photons propagate in atmospheric channels. In previous long-distance free-space experiments, Alice and Charlie always perform local Bell-state measurement before the entanglement distribution process is completed. Here, by developing a highly stable interferometer to project the photon into a hybrid path-polarization dimension and utilizing the satellite-borne entangled photon source, we demonstrate proof-of-principle QST at the distance of over 1200 km assisted by prior quantum entanglement shared between two distant ground stations with the satellite Micius. The average fidelity of transferred six distinct quantum states is 0.82±0.01, exceeding the classical limit of 2/3 on a single copy of a qubit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu-Huai Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Wen-Qi Cai
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Wei-Yue Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Ji-Gang Ren
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Sheng-Kai Liao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Hui-Nan Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Shuang-Lin Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Li Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Nai-Le Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Chao-Yang Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Juan Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Yu-Ao Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Peng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Shanghai Branch, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Shanghai 201315, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences, Shanghai 201315, China
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3
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Kaltenbaek R, Acin A, Bacsardi L, Bianco P, Bouyer P, Diamanti E, Marquardt C, Omar Y, Pruneri V, Rasel E, Sang B, Seidel S, Ulbricht H, Ursin R, Villoresi P, van den Bossche M, von Klitzing W, Zbinden H, Paternostro M, Bassi A. Quantum technologies in space. EXPERIMENTAL ASTRONOMY 2021; 51:1677-1694. [PMID: 34744306 PMCID: PMC8536585 DOI: 10.1007/s10686-021-09731-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the European Commission supported by many European countries has announced large investments towards the commercialization of quantum technology (QT) to address and mitigate some of the biggest challenges facing today's digital era - e.g. secure communication and computing power. For more than two decades the QT community has been working on the development of QTs, which promise landmark breakthroughs leading to commercialization in various areas. The ambitious goals of the QT community and expectations of EU authorities cannot be met solely by individual initiatives of single countries, and therefore, require a combined European effort of large and unprecedented dimensions comparable only to the Galileo or Copernicus programs. Strong international competition calls for a coordinated European effort towards the development of QT in and for space, including research and development of technology in the areas of communication and sensing. Here, we aim at summarizing the state of the art in the development of quantum technologies which have an impact in the field of space applications. Our goal is to outline a complete framework for the design, development, implementation, and exploitation of quantum technology in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Kaltenbaek
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Acin
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laszlo Bacsardi
- Department of Networked Systems and Services, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Philippe Bouyer
- LP2N, Laboratoire Photonique, Numérique et Nanosciences, Université Bordeaux–IOGS–CNRS: UMR5298, Talence, France
| | | | | | - Yasser Omar
- Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Lisbon, Portugal
- Y Quantum, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Valerio Pruneri
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ernst Rasel
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Seidel
- Airbus Defence and Space GmbH, 82024 Taufkirchen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Ulbricht
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Rupert Ursin
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paolo Villoresi
- Department of Information and Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padua Quantum Technologies Research Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Wolf von Klitzing
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology – Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Mauro Paternostro
- Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Angelo Bassi
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Trieste Section, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
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5
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Vedovato F, Agnesi C, Tomasin M, Avesani M, Larsson JÅ, Vallone G, Villoresi P. Postselection-Loophole-Free Bell Violation with Genuine Time-Bin Entanglement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:190401. [PMID: 30468593 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.190401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement is an invaluable resource for fundamental tests of physics and the implementation of quantum information protocols such as device-independent secure communications. In particular, time-bin entanglement is widely exploited to reach these purposes both in free space and optical fiber propagation, due to the robustness and simplicity of its implementation. However, all existing realizations of time-bin entanglement suffer from an intrinsic postselection loophole, which undermines their usefulness. Here, we report the first experimental violation of Bell's inequality with "genuine" time-bin entanglement, free of the postselection loophole. We introduced a novel function of the interferometers at the two measurement stations, that operate as fast synchronized optical switches. This scheme allowed us to obtain a postselection-loophole-free Bell violation of more than 9 standard deviations. Since our scheme is fully implementable using standard fiber-based components and is compatible with modern integrated photonics, our results pave the way for the distribution of genuine time-bin entanglement over long distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vedovato
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Padova, via Gradenigo 6B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Centro di Ateneo di Studi e Attività Spaziali "G. Colombo", Università di Padova, via Venezia 15, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Costantino Agnesi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Padova, via Gradenigo 6B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Tomasin
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Padova, via Gradenigo 6B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Avesani
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Padova, via Gradenigo 6B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Jan-Åke Larsson
- Institutionen för systemteknik, Linköping Universitet, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Giuseppe Vallone
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Padova, via Gradenigo 6B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Villoresi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università di Padova, via Gradenigo 6B, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, CNR, via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
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6
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Agnesi C, Vedovato F, Schiavon M, Dequal D, Calderaro L, Tomasin M, Marangon DG, Stanco A, Luceri V, Bianco G, Vallone G, Villoresi P. Exploring the boundaries of quantum mechanics: advances in satellite quantum communications. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:20170461. [PMID: 29807904 PMCID: PMC5990660 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Recent interest in quantum communications has stimulated great technological progress in satellite quantum technologies. These advances have rendered the aforesaid technologies mature enough to support the realization of experiments that test the foundations of quantum theory at unprecedented scales and in the unexplored space environment. Such experiments, in fact, could explore the boundaries of quantum theory and may provide new insights to investigate phenomena where gravity affects quantum objects. Here, we review recent results in satellite quantum communications and discuss possible phenomena that could be observable with current technologies. Furthermore, stressing the fact that space represents an incredible resource to realize new experiments aimed at highlighting some physical effects, we challenge the community to propose new experiments that unveil the interplay between quantum mechanics and gravity that could be realizable in the near future.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Foundations of quantum mechanics and their impact on contemporary society'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costantino Agnesi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Vedovato
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Schiavon
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Daniele Dequal
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Matera Laser Ranging Observatory, Italian Space Agency, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Luca Calderaro
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Tomasin
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Davide G Marangon
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Stanco
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Bianco
- Matera Laser Ranging Observatory, Italian Space Agency, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vallone
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Villoresi
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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