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Lee I, Melton SR, Xu D, Delor M. Controlling Molecular Photoisomerization in Photonic Cavities through Polariton Funneling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:9544-9553. [PMID: 38530932 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Strong coupling between photonic modes and molecular electronic excitations, creating hybrid light-matter states called polaritons, is an attractive avenue for controlling chemical reactions. Nevertheless, experimental demonstrations of polariton-modified chemical reactions remain sparse. Here, we demonstrate modified photoisomerization kinetics of merocyanine and diarylethene by coupling the reactant's optical transition with photonic microcavity modes. We leverage broadband Fourier-plane optical microscopy to noninvasively and rapidly monitor photoisomerization within microcavities, enabling systematic investigation of chemical kinetics for different cavity-exciton detunings and photoexcitation conditions. We demonstrate three distinct effects of cavity coupling: first, a renormalization of the photonic density of states, akin to a Purcell effect, leads to enhanced absorption and isomerization rates at certain wavelengths, notably red-shifting the onset of photoisomerization. This effect is present under both strong and weak light-matter couplings. Second, kinetic competition between polariton localization into reactive molecular states and cavity losses leads to a suppression of the photoisomerization yield. Finally, our key result is that in reaction mixtures with multiple reactant isomers, exhibiting partially overlapping optical transitions and distinct isomerization pathways, the cavity resonance can be tuned to funnel photoexcitations into specific reactant isomers. Thus, upon decoherence, polaritons localize into a chosen isomer, selectively triggering the latter's photoisomerization despite initially being delocalized across all isomers. This result suggests that careful tuning of the cavity resonance is a promising avenue to steer chemical reactions and enhance product selectivity in reaction mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inki Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Sarah R Melton
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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2
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Ricco LS, Shelykh IA, Kavokin A. Qubit gate operations in elliptically trapped polariton condensates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4211. [PMID: 38378989 PMCID: PMC10879284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54543-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
We consider bosonic condensates of exciton-polaritons optically confined in elliptical traps. A superposition of two non-degenerated p-type states of the condensate oriented along the two main axes of the trap is represented by a point on a Bloch sphere, being considered as an optically tunable qubit. We describe a set of universal single-qubit gates resulting in a controllable shift of the Bloch vector by means of an auxiliary laser beam. Moreover, we consider interaction mechanisms between two neighboring traps that enable designing two-qubit operations such as CPHASE and CNOT gates. Both the single- and two-qubit gates are analyzed in the presence of error sources in the context of polariton traps, such as pure dephasing and spontaneous relaxation mechanisms, leading to a fidelity reduction of the final qubit states and quantum concurrence, as well as the increase of Von Neumann entropy. We also discuss the applicability of our qubit proposal in the context of DiVincenzo's criteria for the realization of local quantum computing processes. Altogether, the developed set of quantum operations would pave the way to the realization of a variety of quantum algorithms in a planar microcavity with a set of optically induced elliptical traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano S Ricco
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Ivan A Shelykh
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Russian Quantum Center, Skolkovo IC, Bolshoy Bulvar 30 bld. 1, Moscow, 121205, Russia
- Abrikosov Center for Theoretical Physics, MIPT, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, 141707, Russia
| | - Alexey Kavokin
- Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, 310024, China.
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia.
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3
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Xu D, Mandal A, Baxter JM, Cheng SW, Lee I, Su H, Liu S, Reichman DR, Delor M. Ultrafast imaging of polariton propagation and interactions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3881. [PMID: 37391396 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39550-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Semiconductor excitations can hybridize with cavity photons to form exciton-polaritons (EPs) with remarkable properties, including light-like energy flow combined with matter-like interactions. To fully harness these properties, EPs must retain ballistic, coherent transport despite matter-mediated interactions with lattice phonons. Here we develop a nonlinear momentum-resolved optical approach that directly images EPs in real space on femtosecond scales in a range of polaritonic architectures. We focus our analysis on EP propagation in layered halide perovskite microcavities. We reveal that EP-phonon interactions lead to a large renormalization of EP velocities at high excitonic fractions at room temperature. Despite these strong EP-phonon interactions, ballistic transport is maintained for up to half-exciton EPs, in agreement with quantum simulations of dynamic disorder shielding through light-matter hybridization. Above 50% excitonic character, rapid decoherence leads to diffusive transport. Our work provides a general framework to precisely balance EP coherence, velocity, and nonlinear interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Arkajit Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - James M Baxter
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Shan-Wen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Inki Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Haowen Su
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US
| | - David R Reichman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US.
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, US.
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4
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Enabling multiple intercavity polariton coherences by adding quantum confinement to cavity molecular polaritons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2206062120. [PMID: 36574657 PMCID: PMC9910592 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2206062120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the "particle in a box" idea, which was broadly developed in semiconductor quantum dot research, was extended into mid-infrared (IR) cavity modes by applying lateral confinement in an optical cavity. The discrete cavity modes hybridized with molecular vibrational modes, resulting in a quartet of polariton states that can support multiple coherence states in the IR regime. We applied tailored pump pulse sequences to selectively prepare these coherences and verified the multi-coherence existence. The simulation based on Lindblad equation showed that because the quartet of polariton states resided in the same cavity, they were specifically robust toward decoherence caused by fluctuations in space. The multiple robust coherences paved the way for entangled states and coherent interactions between cavity polaritons, which would be critical for advancing polariton-based quantum information technology.
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5
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Sigurdsson H, Gnusov I, Alyatkin S, Pickup L, Gippius NA, Lagoudakis PG, Askitopoulos A. Persistent Self-Induced Larmor Precession Evidenced through Periodic Revivals of Coherence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:155301. [PMID: 36269967 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.155301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Interferometric measurements of an optically trapped exciton-polariton condensate reveal a regime where the condensate pseudo-spin precesses persistently within the driving optical pulse. For a single 20 μs optical pulse, the condensate pseudo-spin undergoes over 10^{5} full precessions with striking frequency stability. The emergence of the precession is traced to polariton nonlinear interactions that give rise to a self-induced out-of-plane magnetic field, which in turn drives the system spin dynamics. The Larmor precession frequency and trajectory are directly influenced by the condensate density, enabling the control of this effect with optical means. Our results accentuate the system's potential for the realization of magnetometry devices and can lead to the emergence of spin-squeezed polariton condensates.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sigurdsson
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, United Kingdom
| | - I Gnusov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - S Alyatkin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - L Pickup
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, United Kingdom
| | - N A Gippius
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - P G Lagoudakis
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO171BJ, United Kingdom
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - A Askitopoulos
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, Building 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- QUBITECH, Thessalias 10, Chalandri, 15231 Athens, Greece
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6
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Quantum Coherence and Total Phase in Semiconductor Microcavities for Multi-Photon Excitation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12152671. [PMID: 35957102 PMCID: PMC9370133 DOI: 10.3390/nano12152671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We examine how the weak excitation regime of a quantum well confined in a semiconductor microcavity (SM) influences the dynamics of quantum coherence and the total phase. We analyze the impact of the physical parameters on different quantumness measures, and illustrate their numerical results. We show that the amount of the coherence and total phase in the SMs for multi-photon excitation can be improved and controlled by the strength of the field, exciton-photon coupling, cavity dissipation rate, and excitonic spontaneous emission rate. We illustrate how the fidelity varies depending on the physical parameters. These results might have far-reaching ramifications not just in quantum information processing and optics, but also in physics at large.
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7
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Orfanakis K, Rajendran SK, Walther V, Volz T, Pohl T, Ohadi H. Rydberg exciton-polaritons in a Cu 2O microcavity. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:767-772. [PMID: 35422507 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Giant Rydberg excitons with principal quantum numbers as high as n = 25 have been observed in cuprous oxide (Cu2O), a semiconductor in which the exciton diameter can become as large as ∼1 μm. The giant dimension of these excitons results in excitonic interaction enhancements of orders of magnitude. Rydberg exciton-polaritons, formed by the strong coupling of Rydberg excitons to cavity photons, are a promising route to exploit these interactions and achieve a scalable, strongly correlated solid-state platform. However, the strong coupling of these excitons to cavity photons has remained elusive. Here, by embedding a thin Cu2O crystal into a Fabry-Pérot microcavity, we achieve strong coupling of light to Cu2O Rydberg excitons up to n = 6 and demonstrate the formation of Cu2O Rydberg exciton-polaritons. These results pave the way towards realizing strongly interacting exciton-polaritons and exploring strongly correlated phases of matter using light on a chip.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sai Kiran Rajendran
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - Valentin Walther
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Volz
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thomas Pohl
- Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hamid Ohadi
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK.
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8
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Carbon Nanotube Devices for Quantum Technology. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15041535. [PMID: 35208080 PMCID: PMC8878677 DOI: 10.3390/ma15041535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes, quintessentially one-dimensional quantum objects, possess a variety of electrical, optical, and mechanical properties that are suited for developing devices that operate on quantum mechanical principles. The states of one-dimensional electrons, excitons, and phonons in carbon nanotubes with exceptionally large quantization energies are promising for high-operating-temperature quantum devices. Here, we discuss recent progress in the development of carbon-nanotube-based devices for quantum technology, i.e., quantum mechanical strategies for revolutionizing computation, sensing, and communication. We cover fundamental properties of carbon nanotubes, their growth and purification methods, and methodologies for assembling them into architectures of ordered nanotubes that manifest macroscopic quantum properties. Most importantly, recent developments and proposals for quantum information processing devices based on individual and assembled nanotubes are reviewed.
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9
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Suárez-Forero DG, Riminucci F, Ardizzone V, Karpowicz N, Maggiolini E, Macorini G, Lerario G, Todisco F, De Giorgi M, Dominici L, Ballarini D, Gigli G, Lanotte AS, West K, Baldwin K, Pfeiffer L, Sanvitto D. Enhancement of Parametric Effects in Polariton Waveguides Induced by Dipolar Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:137401. [PMID: 33861133 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.137401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons are hybrid light-matter excitations arising from the nonperturbative coupling of a photonic mode and an excitonic resonance. Behaving as interacting photons, they show optical third-order nonlinearities providing effects such as optical parametric oscillation or amplification. It has been suggested that polariton-polariton interactions can be greatly enhanced by inducing aligned electric dipoles in their excitonic part. However, direct evidence of a true particle-particle interaction, such as superfluidity or parametric scattering, is still missing. In this Letter, we demonstrate that dipolar interactions can be used to enhance parametric effects such as self-phase modulation in waveguide polaritons. By quantifying these optical nonlinearities, we provide a reliable experimental measurement of the direct dipolar enhancement of polariton-polariton interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Suárez-Forero
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università del Salento, Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - F Riminucci
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università del Salento, Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100, Italy
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, One Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - V Ardizzone
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - N Karpowicz
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - E Maggiolini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Macorini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Lerario
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - F Todisco
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - M De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - L Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - D Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - G Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - A S Lanotte
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - K West
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - K Baldwin
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - L Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - D Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Via per Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
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10
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Emmanuele RPA, Sich M, Kyriienko O, Shahnazaryan V, Withers F, Catanzaro A, Walker PM, Benimetskiy FA, Skolnick MS, Tartakovskii AI, Shelykh IA, Krizhanovskii DN. Highly nonlinear trion-polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3589. [PMID: 32680995 PMCID: PMC7368028 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly nonlinear optical materials with strong effective photon-photon interactions are required for ultrafast and quantum optical signal processing circuitry. Here we report strong Kerr-like nonlinearities by employing efficient optical transitions of charged excitons (trions) observed in semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). By hybridising trions in monolayer MoSe2 at low electron densities with a microcavity mode, we realise trion-polaritons exhibiting significant energy shifts at small photon fluxes due to phase space filling. We find the ratio of trion- to neutral exciton-polariton interaction strength is in the range from 10 to 100 in TMDC materials and that trion-polariton nonlinearity is comparable to that in other polariton systems. The results are in good agreement with a theory accounting for the composite nature of excitons and trions and deviation of their statistics from that of ideal bosons and fermions. Our findings open a way to scalable quantum optics applications with TMDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P A Emmanuele
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - M Sich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - O Kyriienko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QL, UK.
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
| | - V Shahnazaryan
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668, Warsaw, Poland
| | - F Withers
- College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, UK
| | - A Catanzaro
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - P M Walker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - F A Benimetskiy
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - M S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - A I Tartakovskii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK
| | - I A Shelykh
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi-3, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - D N Krizhanovskii
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, UK.
- Department of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
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11
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Alyatkin S, Töpfer JD, Askitopoulos A, Sigurdsson H, Lagoudakis PG. Optical Control of Couplings in Polariton Condensate Lattices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:207402. [PMID: 32501101 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.207402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate deterministic control of the nearest and next-nearest neighbor coupling in the unit cell of a square lattice of microcavity exciton-polariton condensates. We tune the coupling in a continuous and reversible manner by optically imprinting potential barriers of variable height, in the form of spatially localized incoherent exciton reservoirs that modify the particle flow between condensates. By controlling the couplings in a 2×2 polariton cluster, we realize ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic, and paired ferromagnetic phases and demonstrate the potential scalability of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alyatkin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Territory of innovation center "Skolkovo", Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205, Russia
| | - J D Töpfer
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Territory of innovation center "Skolkovo", Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205, Russia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - A Askitopoulos
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Territory of innovation center "Skolkovo", Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205, Russia
| | - H Sigurdsson
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Territory of innovation center "Skolkovo", Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205, Russia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - P G Lagoudakis
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Territory of innovation center "Skolkovo", Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205, Russia
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
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12
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Suárez-Forero DG, Ardizzone V, Covre da Silva SF, Reindl M, Fieramosca A, Polimeno L, Giorgi MD, Dominici L, Pfeiffer LN, Gigli G, Ballarini D, Laussy F, Rastelli A, Sanvitto D. Quantum hydrodynamics of a single particle. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2020; 9:85. [PMID: 32435468 PMCID: PMC7221079 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0324-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor devices are strong competitors in the race for the development of quantum computational systems. In this work, we interface two semiconductor building blocks of different dimensionalities with complementary properties: (1) a quantum dot hosting a single exciton and acting as a nearly ideal single-photon emitter and (2) a quantum well in a 2D microcavity sustaining polaritons, which are known for their strong interactions and unique hydrodynamic properties, including ultrafast real-time monitoring of their propagation and phase mapping. In the present experiment, we can thus observe how the injected single particles propagate and evolve inside the microcavity, giving rise to hydrodynamic features typical of macroscopic systems despite their genuine intrinsic quantum nature. In the presence of a structural defect, we observe the celebrated quantum interference of a single particle that produces fringes reminiscent of wave propagation. While this behavior could be theoretically expected, our imaging of such an interference pattern, together with a measurement of antibunching, constitutes the first demonstration of spatial mapping of the self-interference of a single quantum particle impinging on an obstacle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gustavo Suárez-Forero
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ardizzone
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Saimon Filipe Covre da Silva
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstr. 69, Linz, 4040 Austria
| | - Marcus Reindl
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstr. 69, Linz, 4040 Austria
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100 Italy
| | - Laura Polimeno
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100 Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Loren N. Pfeiffer
- PRISM, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E. De Giorgi, Università del Salento, Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, Lecce, 73100 Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Fabrice Laussy
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Wolverhampton, Wulfruna Street, Wolverhampton, WV1 1LY UK
- Russian Quantum Center, Novaya 100, 143025 Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Armando Rastelli
- Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstr. 69, Linz, 4040 Austria
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC, Institute of Nanotechnology, Campus Ecotekne, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Observation of quantum depletion in a non-equilibrium exciton-polariton condensate. Nat Commun 2020; 11:429. [PMID: 31969565 PMCID: PMC6976592 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Superfluidity, first discovered in liquid 4He, is closely related to Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) phenomenon. However, even at zero temperature, a fraction of the quantum liquid is excited out of the condensate into higher momentum states via interaction-induced fluctuations—the phenomenon of quantum depletion. Quantum depletion of atomic BECs in thermal equilibrium is well understood theoretically but is difficult to measure. This measurement is even more challenging in driven-dissipative exciton–polariton condensates, since their non-equilibrium nature is predicted to suppress quantum depletion. Here, we observe quantum depletion of a high-density exciton–polariton condensate by detecting the spectral branch of elementary excitations populated by this process. Analysis of this excitation branch shows that quantum depletion of exciton–polariton condensates can closely follow or strongly deviate from the equilibrium Bogoliubov theory, depending on the exciton fraction in an exciton polariton. Our results reveal beyond mean-field effects of exciton–polariton interactions and call for a deeper understanding of the relationship between equilibrium and non-equilibrium BECs. Many aspects of polariton condensate behaviour can be captured by mean-field theories but interactions introduce additional quantum effects. Here the authors observe quantum depletion in a driven-dissipative condensate and find that deviations from equilibrium predictions depend on the excitonic fraction.
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14
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Ghosh S, Paterek T, Liew TCH. Quantum Neuromorphic Platform for Quantum State Preparation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:260404. [PMID: 31951463 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.260404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We develop a scheme of quantum reservoir state preparation, based on a quantum neural network framework, which takes classical optical excitation as input and provides desired quantum states as output. We theoretically demonstrate the broad potential of our scheme by explicitly preparing a range of intriguing quantum states, including single-photon states, Schrödinger's cat states, and two-mode entangled states. This scheme can be used as a compact quantum state preparation device for emerging quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Ghosh
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Tomasz Paterek
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, University of Gdańsk, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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15
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Schlaus AP, Spencer MS, Zhu XY. Light-Matter Interaction and Lasing in Lead Halide Perovskites. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2950-2959. [PMID: 31571486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) are attractive material systems for light emission, thanks to the ease and diverse routes of synthesis, the broad tunability in color, the high emission quantum efficiencies, and the strong light-matter coupling which may potentially lead to exciton-polariton condensation. This account contrasts the laser-like coherent light emission from highly lossy Fabry-Perot cavities, formed naturally from LHP nanowires (NWs) and nanoplates (NPs), with highly reflective cavities made of LHP gain media, sandwiched between two distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirrors. The mechanism responsible for the operation of conventional semiconductor lasers involves stimulated emission of electron and hole pairs bound by the Coulomb potential, i.e., excitons or, at excitation density above the so-called Mott threshold, an electron-hole plasma (EHP). We discuss how lasing from LHP NWs or NPs likely originates from stimulated emission of an EHP, not excitons or exciton-polaritons. A character central to this kind of lasing is the dynamically changing photonic properties in the naturally formed cavity. In contrast to the more static conditions of a DBR cavity, lasing modes and gain profiles are extremely sensitive to material properties and excitation conditions in an NW/NP cavity. While such unstable photonic cavities pose engineering challenges in the application of NW/NP lasers, they provide excellent probes of many-body physics in the LHP material. For sufficiently strong light-matter coupling expected for LHPs in DBR cavities, an exciton-polariton, i.e., the superposition state between the exciton and the cavity photon, can form. An exciting prospect of strong light-matter coupling is the potential formation of an exciton polariton condensate, which possesses many interesting quantum and nonlinear effects, such as superfluidity, long-range coherence, and laserlike light emission. However, it is difficult to distinguish coherent light from an exciton-polariton condensate and that from conventional stimulated laser emission. Several reports have established the condition of strong coupling for LHPs in DBR cavities. We stress, however, that these studies have not included necessary experiments to unambiguously establish the formation of exciton-polariton condensation, and several experiments and routes of analysis are needed to make a more convincing case for exciton-polariton condensation in LHP based systems. The potential of exciton-polariton condensation expands the horizon of LHP materials from conventional optoelectronics to quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P. Schlaus
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Michael S. Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - X-Y. Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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16
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Suárez-Forero DG, Giuri A, De Giorgi M, Polimeno L, De Marco L, Todisco F, Gigli G, Dominici L, Ballarini D, Ardizzone V, Belviso BD, Altamura D, Giannini C, Brescia R, Colella S, Listorti A, Esposito Corcione C, Rizzo A, Sanvitto D. Quantum Nature of Light in Nonstoichiometric Bulk Perovskites. ACS NANO 2019; 13:10711-10716. [PMID: 31469265 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b05361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sources of single photons are a fundamental brick in the development of quantum information technologies. Great efforts have been made so far in the realization of reliable, highly efficient, and on demand quantum sources that could show an easy integration with quantum devices. This has recently culminated in the use of solid state quantum dots as promising candidates for future sources of quantum technologies. However, some challenges, like their complex fabrication, random distribution, and difficult integrability with silicon technology, could hinder their broad application, making necessary the study of alternative systems. In this work, we clearly demonstrate single photon emission from quantum dots formed in nonstoichiometric bulk perovskites. Their simple growing procedures, exceptional stability under constant illumination, easy control of their optical properties, as well as ease of integrability make these materials very interesting candidates for the development of quantum light sources in the near-infrared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Suárez-Forero
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione , Università del Salento , via per Monteroni, km 1 , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Antonella Giuri
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione , Università del Salento , via per Monteroni, km 1 , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Milena De Giorgi
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Laura Polimeno
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Universitá del Salento , Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100 , Italy
| | - Luisa De Marco
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Francesco Todisco
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Universitá del Salento , Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100 , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Dominici
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Dario Ballarini
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ardizzone
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Universitá del Salento , Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100 , Italy
| | - Benny D Belviso
- Istituto di Cristallografia, CNR-IC , Via Amendola 122/O , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Davide Altamura
- Istituto di Cristallografia, CNR-IC , Via Amendola 122/O , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Cinzia Giannini
- Istituto di Cristallografia, CNR-IC , Via Amendola 122/O , 70126 Bari , Italy
| | - Rosaria Brescia
- Electron Microscopy Facility , Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , via Morego 30 , Genova 16163 , Italy
| | - Silvia Colella
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Universitá del Salento , Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100 , Italy
| | - Andrea Listorti
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Universitá del Salento , Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100 , Italy
| | - Carola Esposito Corcione
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione , Università del Salento , via per Monteroni, km 1 , 73100 Lecce , Italy
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica , Universitá del Salento , Strada Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, Campus Ecotekne, Lecce 73100 , Italy
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC , Institute of Nanotechnology , Via Monteroni , 73100 Lecce , Italy
- INFN Sezione di Lecce , 73100 Lecce , Italy
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17
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Cirio M, Shammah N, Lambert N, De Liberato S, Nori F. Multielectron Ground State Electroluminescence. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 122:190403. [PMID: 31144951 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.190403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ground state of a cavity-electron system in the ultrastrong coupling regime is characterized by the presence of virtual photons. If an electric current flows through this system, the modulation of the light-matter coupling induced by this nonequilibrium effect can induce an extracavity photon emission signal, even when electrons entering the cavity do not have enough energy to populate the excited states. We show that this ground state electroluminescence, previously identified in a single-qubit system [Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 113601 (2016)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.116.113601] can arise in a many-electron system. The collective enhancement of the light-matter coupling makes this effect, described beyond the rotating wave approximation, robust in the thermodynamic limit, allowing its observation in a broad range of physical systems, from a semiconductor heterostructure with flatband dispersion to various implementations of the Dicke model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Cirio
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, China
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nathan Shammah
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Neill Lambert
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Simone De Liberato
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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18
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Muñoz-Matutano G, Wood A, Johnsson M, Vidal X, Baragiola BQ, Reinhard A, Lemaître A, Bloch J, Amo A, Nogues G, Besga B, Richard M, Volz T. Emergence of quantum correlations from interacting fibre-cavity polaritons. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:213-218. [PMID: 30783231 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0281-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, exciton-polaritons in semiconductor microcavities have revealed themselves as one of the richest realizations of a light-based quantum fluid1, subject to fascinating new physics and potential applications2-6. For instance, in the regime of large two-body interactions, polaritons can be used to manipulate the quantum properties of a light field7-9. In this work, we report on the emergence of quantum correlations in laser light transmitted through a fibre-cavity polariton system. We observe a dispersive shape of the autocorrelation function around the polariton resonance that indicates the onset of this regime. The weak amplitude of these correlations indicates a state that still remains far from a low-photon-number state. Nonetheless, given the underlying physical mechanism7, our work opens up the prospect of eventually using polaritons to turn laser light into single photons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Muñoz-Matutano
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Andrew Wood
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mattias Johnsson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xavier Vidal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ben Q Baragiola
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas Reinhard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aristide Lemaître
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS (C2N), Universities Paris-Sud and Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jacqueline Bloch
- Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS (C2N), Universities Paris-Sud and Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Alberto Amo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523, PhLAM - Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules, Lille, France
| | - Gilles Nogues
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin Besga
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Richard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Volz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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19
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Gerace D, Laussy F, Sanvitto D. Quantum nonlinearities at the single-particle level. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:200-201. [PMID: 30783232 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Gerace
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrice Laussy
- University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
- Russian Quantum Center, Moscow, Russia
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20
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All-optical implementation of collision-based evolutions of open quantum systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3205. [PMID: 30824831 PMCID: PMC6397296 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39832-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a new optical scheme enabling the implementation of highly stable and configurable non-Markovian dynamics. Here one photon qubit can circulate in a multipass bulk geometry consisting of two concatenated Sagnac interferometers to simulate the so called collisional model, where the system interacts at discrete times with a vacuum environment. We show the optical features of our apparatus and three different implementations of it, replicating a pure Markovian scenario and two non-Markovian ones, where we quantify the information backflow by tracking the evolution of the initial entanglement between the system photon and an ancillary one.
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21
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Delteil A, Fink T, Schade A, Höfling S, Schneider C, İmamoğlu A. Towards polariton blockade of confined exciton-polaritons. NATURE MATERIALS 2019; 18:219-222. [PMID: 30783230 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-019-0282-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Cavity-polaritons in semiconductor microstructures have emerged as a promising system for exploring non-equilibrium dynamics of many-body systems1. Key advances in this field, including the observation of polariton condensation2, superfluidity3, realization of topological photonic bands4, and dissipative phase transitions5-7, generically allow for a description based on a mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii formalism. Observation of polariton intensity squeezing8,9 and decoherence of a polarization entangled photon pair by a polariton condensate10, on the other hand, demonstrate quantum effects that show up at high polariton occupancy. Going beyond and into the regime of strongly correlated polaritons requires the observation of a photon blockade effect11,12 where interactions are strong enough to suppress double occupancy of a photonic lattice site. Here, we report evidence of quantum correlations between polaritons spatially confined in a fibre cavity. Photon correlation measurements show that careful tuning of the coupled system can lead to a modest reduction of simultaneous two-polariton generation probability by 5%. Concurrently, our experiments allow us to measure the polariton interaction strength, thereby resolving the controversy stemming from recent experimental reports13. Our findings constitute an essential step towards the realization of strongly interacting photonic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Delteil
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Fink
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anne Schade
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | | | - Ataç İmamoğlu
- Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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