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Emelianov AV, Pettersson M, Bobrinetskiy II. Ultrafast Laser Processing of 2D Materials: Novel Routes to Advanced Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2402907. [PMID: 38757602 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafast laser processing has emerged as a versatile technique for modifying materials and introducing novel functionalities. Over the past decade, this method has demonstrated remarkable advantages in the manipulation of 2D layered materials, including synthesis, structuring, functionalization, and local patterning. Unlike continuous-wave and long-pulsed optical methods, ultrafast lasers offer a solution for thermal heating issues. Nonlinear interactions between ultrafast laser pulses and the atomic lattice of 2D materials substantially influence their chemical and physical properties. This paper highlights the transformative role of ultrafast laser pulses in maskless green technology, enabling subtractive, and additive processes that unveil ways for advanced devices. Utilizing the synergetic effect between the energy states within the atomic layers and ultrafast laser irradiation, it is feasible to achieve unprecedented resolutions down to several nanometers. Recent advancements are discussed in functionalization, doping, atomic reconstruction, phase transformation, and 2D and 3D micro- and nanopatterning. A forward-looking perspective on a wide array of applications of 2D materials, along with device fabrication featuring novel physical and chemical properties through direct ultrafast laser writing, is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksei V Emelianov
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Mika Pettersson
- Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland
| | - Ivan I Bobrinetskiy
- BioSense Institute - Research and Development Institute for Information Technologies in Biosystems, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21000, Serbia
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Mori S, Tanimura H, Ichitsubo T, Sutou Y. Photoinduced Nonvolatile Displacive Transformation and Optical Switching in MnTe Semiconductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42730-42736. [PMID: 37640668 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
MnTe is considered a promising candidate for next-generation phase change materials owing to the reversible and nonvolatile phase transformation between its α and β' phases by irradiation of a nanosecond laser or application of a pulse voltage. In this work, for a faster phase control of MnTe, the response of metastable β-MnTe thin films to femtosecond (fs) laser irradiation was investigated. Using ultrafast optical spectroscopy, we inferred transient phase transformation. Moreover, with an increase in laser-excitation fluence, a nonvolatile structural change from the β to α phase was experimentally observed by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy without ablation damage on the sample. The observation results strongly suggest that the fs-laser-induced β → α phase transformation proceeds through the nucleation and growth mode without a large temperature increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Mori
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11, Aoba-yama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanimura
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Tetsu Ichitsubo
- Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Yuji Sutou
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11, Aoba-yama, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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Liu W, Liu H, Wang Z, Li S, Wang L, Luo J. Inverse Design of Light Manipulating Structural Phase Transition in Solids. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:6647-6657. [PMID: 37462525 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
This Perspective focuses on recent advances in understanding ultrafast processes involved in photoinduced structural phase transitions and proposes a strategy for precise manipulation of such transitions. It has been demonstrated that photoexcited carriers occupying empty antibonding or bonding states generate atomic driving forces that lead to either stretching or shortening of associated bonds, which in turn induce collective and coherent motions of atoms and yield structural transitions. For instance, phase transitions in IrTe2 and VO2, and nonthermal melting in Si, can be explained by the occupation of specific local bonding or antibonding states during laser excitation. These cases reveal the electronic-orbital-selective nature of laser-induced structural transitions. Based on this understanding, we propose an inverse design protocol for achieving or preventing a target structural transition by controlling the related electron occupations with orbital-selective photoexcitation. Overall, this Perspective provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in dynamical structural control in solid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haowen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shushen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linwang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Junwei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Iwaya K, Yokota M, Hanada H, Mogi H, Yoshida S, Takeuchi O, Miyatake Y, Shigekawa H. Externally-triggerable optical pump-probe scanning tunneling microscopy with a time resoloution of tens-picosecond. Sci Rep 2023; 13:818. [PMID: 36697458 PMCID: PMC9877009 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27383-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Photoinduced carrier dynamics of nanostructures play a crucial role in developing novel functionalities in advanced materials. Optical pump-probe scanning tunneling microscopy (OPP-STM) represents distinctive capabilities of real-space imaging of such carrier dynamics with nanoscale spatial resolution. However, combining the advanced technology of ultrafast pulsed lasers with STM for stable time-resolved measurements has remained challenging. The recent OPP-STM system, whose laser-pulse timing is electrically controlled by external triggers, has significantly simplified this combination but limited its application due to nanosecond temporal resolution. Here we report an externally-triggerable OPP-STM system with a temporal resolution in the tens-picosecond range. We also realize the stable laser illumination of the tip-sample junction by placing a position-movable aspheric lens driven by piezo actuators directly on the STM stage and by employing an optical beam stabilization system. We demonstrate the OPP-STM measurements on GaAs(110) surfaces, observing carrier dynamics with a decay time of [Formula: see text] ps and revealing local carrier dynamics at features including a step edge and a nanoscale defect. The stable OPP-STM measurements with the tens-picosecond resolution by the electrical control of laser pulses highlight the potential capabilities of this system for investigating nanoscale carrier dynamics of a wide range of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hiroyuki Mogi
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573 Japan
| | - Shoji Yoshida
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573 Japan
| | - Osamu Takeuchi
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573 Japan
| | | | - Hidemi Shigekawa
- grid.20515.330000 0001 2369 4728Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8573 Japan
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Qi Y, Guan M, Zahn D, Vasileiadis T, Seiler H, Windsor YW, Zhao H, Meng S, Ernstorfer R. Traversing Double-Well Potential Energy Surfaces: Photoinduced Concurrent Intralayer and Interlayer Structural Transitions in XTe 2 (X = Mo, W). ACS NANO 2022; 16:11124-11135. [PMID: 35793703 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The microscopic arrangement of atoms and molecules is the determining factor in how materials behave and perform; i.e., the structure determines the property, a traditional paradigm in materials science. Photoexcitation-driven manipulation of the crystal structure and associated electronic properties in quantum materials provides opportunities for the exploration of exotic physics and practical applications; however, a generalized mechanism for such symmetry engineering is absent. Here, by ultrafast electron diffraction, structure factor calculation, and TDDFT-MD simulations, we report the photoinduced concurrent intralayer and interlayer structural transitions in the Td and 1T' phases of XTe2 (X = Mo, W). We discuss the modification of multiple quantum electronic states associated with the intralayer and interlayer structural transitions, such as the topological band inversion and the higher-order topological state. The twin structures and the stacking faults in XTe2 are also identified by ultrafast structural responses. The comprehensive study of the ultrafast structural response in XTe2 suggests the traversal of all double-well potential energy surfaces (DWPES) by laser excitation, which is expected to be an intrinsic mechanism in the field of photoexcitation-driven global/local symmetry engineering and also a critical ingredient inducing the exotic properties in the non-equilibrium state in a large number of material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingpeng Qi
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Center for Ultrafast Science and Technology, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Mengxue Guan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Daniela Zahn
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Thomas Vasileiadis
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Hélène Seiler
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Yoav William Windsor
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Hui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Meng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ralph Ernstorfer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
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Abstract
Photoinduced phase transition (PIPT) is always treated as a coherent process, but ultrafast disordering in PIPT is observed in recent experiments. Utilizing the real-time time-dependent density functional theory method, here we track the motion of individual vanadium (V) ions during PIPT in VO2 and uncover that their coherent or disordered dynamics can be manipulated by tuning the laser fluence. We find that the photoexcited holes generate a force on each V-V dimer to drive their collective coherent motion, in competing with the thermal-induced vibrations. If the laser fluence is so weak that the photoexcited hole density is too low to drive the phase transition alone, the PIPT is a disordered process due to the interference of thermal phonons. We also reveal that the photoexcited holes populated by the V-V dimerized bonding states will become saturated if the laser fluence is too strong, limiting the timescale of photoinduced phase transition.
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Takubo K, Banu S, Jin S, Kaneko M, Yajima W, Kuwahara M, Hayashi Y, Ishikawa T, Okimoto Y, Hada M, Koshihara S. Generation of sub-100 fs electron pulses for time-resolved electron diffraction using a direct synchronization method. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:053005. [PMID: 35649807 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To investigate photoinduced phenomena in various materials and molecules, ultrashort pulsed x-ray and electron sources with high brightness and high repetition rates are required. The x-ray and electron's typical and de Broglie wavelengths are shorter than lattice constants of materials and molecules. Therefore, photoinduced structural dynamics on the femtosecond to picosecond timescales can be directly observed in a diffraction manner by using these pulses. This research created a tabletop ultrashort pulsed electron diffraction setup that used a femtosecond laser and electron pulse compression cavity that was directly synchronized to the microwave master oscillator (∼3 GHz). A compressed electron pulse with a 1 kHz repetition rate contained 228 000 electrons. The electron pulse duration was estimated to be less than 100 fs at the sample position by using photoinduced immediate lattice changes in an ultrathin silicon film (50 nm). The newly developed time-resolved electron diffraction setup has a pulse duration that is comparable to femtosecond laser pulse widths (35-100 fs). The pulse duration, in particular, fits within the timescale of photoinduced phenomena in quantum materials. Our developed ultrafast time-resolved electron diffraction setup with a sub-100 fs temporal resolution would be a powerful tool in material science with a combination of optical pump-probe, time-resolved photoemission spectroscopic, and pulsed x-ray measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kou Takubo
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Samiran Banu
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Sichen Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Misaki Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Wataru Yajima
- Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuwahara
- Department of Applied Physics and Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Hayashi
- Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Science, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yoichi Okimoto
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Masaki Hada
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Shinya Koshihara
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
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Liu W, Wang Z, Chen Z, Luo J, Li S, Wang L. Algorithm advances and applications of time‐dependent first‐principles simulations for ultrafast dynamics. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zhang‐Hui Chen
- Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
| | - Jun‐Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing China
| | - Shu‐Shen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing China
| | - Lin‐Wang Wang
- Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California USA
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Rumo M, Pulkkinen A, Ma K, von Rohr FO, Muntwiler M, Monney C. Break of symmetry at the surface of IrTe 2upon phase transition measured by x-ray photoelectron diffraction. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:075001. [PMID: 34787110 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac3a45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
IrTe2undergoes a series of charge-ordered phase transitions below room temperature that are characterized by the formation of stripes of Ir dimers of different periodicities. Full hemispherical x-ray photoelectron diffraction (XPD) experiments have been performed to investigate the atomic position changes undergone near the surface of 1T-IrTe2in the first-order phase transition, from the (1 × 1) phase to the (5 × 1) phase. Comparison between experiment and simulation allows us to identify the consequence of the dimerization on the Ir atoms local environment. We report that XPD permits to unveil the break of symmetry of IrTe2trigonal to a monoclinic unit cell and confirm the occurrence of the (5 × 1) reconstruction within the first few layers below the surface with a staircase-like stacking of dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Rumo
- Département de Physique and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, Université de Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Aki Pulkkinen
- Département de Physique and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, Université de Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- School of Engineering Science, LUT University, FI-53850 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - KeYuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian O von Rohr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Claude Monney
- Département de Physique and Fribourg Center for Nanomaterials, Université de Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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Reisbick SA, Zhang Y, Flannigan DJ. Influence of Discrete Defects on Observed Acoustic-Phonon Dynamics in Layered Materials Probed with Ultrafast Electron Microscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1877-1884. [PMID: 32068411 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b12026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The structural anisotropy of layered materials leads to disparate lattice responses along different crystallographic directions following femtosecond photoexcitation. Ultrafast scattering methods are well-suited to resolving such responses, though probe size and specimen structure and morphology must be considered when interpreting results. Here we use ultrafast electron microscopy (UEM) imaging and diffraction to study the influence of individual multilayer terraces and few-layer step-edges on acoustic-phonon dynamics in 1T-TaS2 and 2H-MoS2. In TaS2, we find that a multilayer terrace produces distinct, localized responses arising from thickness-dependent c-axis phonon dynamics. Convolution of the responses is demonstrated with ultrafast selected-area diffraction by limiting the probe size and training it on the region of interest. This results in a reciprocal-space frequency response that is a convolution of the spatially separated behaviors. Sensitivity of phonon dynamics to few-layer step-edges in MoS2 and the capability of UEM imaging to resolve the influence of such defects are also demonstrated. Spatial frequency maps from the UEM image series reveal regions separated by a four-layer step-edge having 60.0 GHz and 63.3 GHz oscillation frequencies, again linked to c-axis phonon propagation. As with ultrafast diffraction, signal convolution is demonstrated by continuous increase of the size of the selected region of interest used in the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer A Reisbick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yichao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David J Flannigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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