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Zhang Y, Xu Z, Zhao B, Zhang X, Li R, Chen S, Wu S. Dynamic Coherent Diffractive Imaging with Modulus Enforced Probe and Low Spatial Frequency Constraints. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 25:2323. [PMID: 40218835 PMCID: PMC11991461 DOI: 10.3390/s25072323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2025] [Revised: 03/31/2025] [Accepted: 04/03/2025] [Indexed: 04/14/2025]
Abstract
Dynamic behavior is prevalent in biological and condensed matter systems at the nano- and mesoscopic scales. Typically, we capture images as "snapshots" to demonstrate the evolution of a system, and coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (CDI), as a lensless imaging technique, provides a nanoscale resolution, allowing us to clearly observe these microscopic phenomena. This paper presents a new dynamic CDI method based on zone-plate optics aiming to overcome the limitations of existing techniques in imaging fast dynamic processes by integrating the spatio-temporal dual constraint with a probe constraint. In this method, the modulus-enforced probe constraint and the temporal correlation of the dynamic sample low-frequency information are exploited and combined with an empty static region constraint in the dynamic sample. Using this method, we achieved a temporal resolution of 20 Hz and a spatial resolution of 13.2 nm, which were verified by visualized experimental results. Further comparisons showed that the reconstructed images were consistent with the ptychography reconstruction results, confirming the accuracy and feasibility of the method. This work is expected to provide a new tool for materials science and mesoscopic life sciences, promoting a deeper understanding of complex dynamic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingling Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zijian Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bo Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiangzhi Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruoru Li
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuhan Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Levenstein MA, Chevallard C, Malloggi F, Testard F, Taché O. Micro- and milli-fluidic sample environments for in situ X-ray analysis in the chemical and materials sciences. LAB ON A CHIP 2025; 25:1169-1227. [PMID: 39775751 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00637b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
Abstract
X-ray-based methods are powerful tools for structural and chemical studies of materials and processes, particularly for performing time-resolved measurements. In this critical review, we highlight progress in the development of X-ray compatible microfluidic and millifluidic platforms that enable high temporal and spatial resolution X-ray analysis across the chemical and materials sciences. With a focus on liquid samples and suspensions, we first present the origins of microfluidic sample environments for X-ray analysis by discussing some alternative liquid sample holder and manipulator technologies. The bulk of the review is then dedicated to micro- and milli-fluidic devices designed for use in the three main areas of X-ray analysis: (1) scattering/diffraction, (2) spectroscopy, and (3) imaging. While most research to date has been performed at synchrotron radiation facilities, the recent progress made using commercial and laboratory-based X-ray instruments is then reviewed here for the first time. This final section presents the exciting possibility of performing in situ and operando X-ray analysis in the 'home' laboratory and transforming microfluidic and millifluidic X-ray analysis into a routine method in physical chemistry and materials research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Levenstein
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LIONS, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Corinne Chevallard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LIONS, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Florent Malloggi
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LIONS, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Fabienne Testard
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LIONS, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Olivier Taché
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, NIMBE, LIONS, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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3
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Apseros A, Scagnoli V, Holler M, Guizar-Sicairos M, Gao Z, Appel C, Heyderman LJ, Donnelly C, Ihli J. X-ray linear dichroic tomography of crystallographic and topological defects. Nature 2024; 636:354-360. [PMID: 39663493 PMCID: PMC11634779 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08233-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 12/13/2024]
Abstract
The functionality of materials is determined by their composition1-4 and microstructure, that is, the distribution and orientation of crystalline grains, grain boundaries and the defects within them5,6. Until now, characterization techniques that map the distribution of grains, their orientation and the presence of defects have been limited to surface investigations, to spatial resolutions of a few hundred nanometres or to systems of thickness around 100 nm, thus requiring destructive sample preparation for measurements and preventing the study of system-representative volumes or the investigation of materials under operational conditions7-15. Here we present X-ray linear dichroic orientation tomography (XL-DOT), a quantitative, non-invasive technique that allows for an intragranular and intergranular characterization of extended polycrystalline and non-crystalline16 materials in three dimensions. We present the detailed characterization of a polycrystalline sample of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), a key catalyst in the production of sulfuric acid17. We determine the nanoscale composition, microstructure and crystal orientation throughout the polycrystalline sample with 73 nm spatial resolution. We identify and characterize grains, as well as twist, tilt and twin grain boundaries. We further observe the creation and annihilation of topological defects promoted by the presence of volume crystallographic defects. The non-destructive and spectroscopic nature of our method opens the door to operando combined chemical and microstructural investigations11,18 of functional materials, including energy, mechanical and quantum materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Apseros
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- PSI Center for Neutron and Muon Sciences, Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Valerio Scagnoli
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
- PSI Center for Neutron and Muon Sciences, Villigen, Switzerland.
| | - Mirko Holler
- PSI Center for Photon Science, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Guizar-Sicairos
- PSI Center for Photon Science, Villigen, Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Zirui Gao
- PSI Center for Photon Science, Villigen, Switzerland
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Laura J Heyderman
- Laboratory for Mesoscopic Systems, Department of Materials, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- PSI Center for Neutron and Muon Sciences, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Claire Donnelly
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Dresden, Germany.
- International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Johannes Ihli
- PSI Center for Photon Science, Villigen, Switzerland
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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4
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Gao Z, Appel C, Holler M, Jeschonek K, Brunnengräber K, Etzold BJM, Kronenberg M, Stampanoni M, Ihli J, Guizar-Sicairos M. Dynamic sparse x-ray nanotomography reveals ionomer hydration mechanism in polymer electrolyte fuel-cell catalyst. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp3346. [PMID: 39383223 PMCID: PMC11463282 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp3346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
Tomographic imaging of time-evolving samples is a challenging yet important task for various research fields. At the nanoscale, current approaches face limitations of measurement speed or resolution due to lengthy acquisitions. We developed a dynamic nanotomography technique based on sparse dynamic imaging and 4D tomography modeling. We demonstrated the technique, using ptychographic x-ray computed tomography as its imaging modality, on resolving the in situ hydration process of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) catalyst. The technique provides a 40-time increase in temporal resolution compared to conventional approaches, yielding 28 nm half-period spatial and 12 min temporal resolution. The results allow a quantitative characterization of the water intake process inside PEFC catalysts with nanoscale resolution, which is crucial for understanding their electrochemical mechanisms and optimizing their performance. Our technique enables high-speed operando nanotomography studies and paves the way for wider application of dynamic tomography at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Gao
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH and University of Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA
| | | | - Mirko Holler
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Bastian J. M. Etzold
- Technical University of Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Michal Kronenberg
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Carl Zeiss SMT, 73447 Oberkochen, Germany
| | - Marco Stampanoni
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH and University of Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Ihli
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK
| | - Manuel Guizar-Sicairos
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Kulow A, Pérez J, Boudjehem R, Gautier E, Pairis S, Ould-Chikh S, Hazemann JL, da Silva JC. First X-ray spectral ptychography and resonant ptychographic computed tomography experiments at the SWING beamline from Synchrotron SOLEIL. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:867-876. [PMID: 38771779 PMCID: PMC11226156 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524003229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
X-ray ptychography and ptychographic computed tomography have seen a rapid rise since the advent of fourth-generation synchrotrons with a high degree of coherent radiation. In addition to quantitative multiscale structural analysis, ptychography with spectral capabilities has been developed, allowing for spatial-localized multiscale structural and spectral information of samples. The SWING beamline of Synchrotron SOLEIL has recently developed a nanoprobe setup where the endstation's first spectral and resonant ptychographic measurements have been successfully conducted. A metallic nickel wire sample was measured using 2D spectral ptychography in XANES mode and resonant ptychographic tomography. From the 2D spectral ptychography measurements, the spectra of the components of the sample's complex-valued refractive index, δ and β, were extracted, integrated along the sample thickness. By performing resonance ptychographic tomography at two photon energies, 3D maps of the refractive index decrement, δ, were obtained at the Ni K-edge energy and another energy above the edge. These maps allowed the detection of impurities in the Ni wire. The significance of accounting for the atomic scattering factor is demonstrated in the calculation of electron density near a resonance through the use of the δ values. These results indicate that at the SWING beamline it is possible to conduct state-of-the-art spectral and resonant ptychography experiments using the nanoprobe setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anico Kulow
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 25 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 166, 38042Grenoble, France
| | - Javier Pérez
- Synchrotron SoleilL’Orme des Merisiers, Départementale 12891190Saint-AubinFrance
| | - Redhouane Boudjehem
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 25 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 166, 38042Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Gautier
- SPINTEC, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 17 Rue des Martyrs, 38054Grenoble, France
| | - Sébastien Pairis
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 25 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 166, 38042Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jean-Louis Hazemann
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 25 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 166, 38042Grenoble, France
| | - Julio César da Silva
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, 25 Avenue des Martyrs, BP 166, 38042Grenoble, France
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6
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Shirani S, Cuesta A, Morales-Cantero A, Santacruz I, Diaz A, Trtik P, Holler M, Rack A, Lukic B, Brun E, Salcedo IR, Aranda MAG. 4D nanoimaging of early age cement hydration. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2652. [PMID: 37156776 PMCID: PMC10167225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38380-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite a century of research, our understanding of cement dissolution and precipitation processes at early ages is very limited. This is due to the lack of methods that can image these processes with enough spatial resolution, contrast and field of view. Here, we adapt near-field ptychographic nanotomography to in situ visualise the hydration of commercial Portland cement in a record-thick capillary. At 19 h, porous C-S-H gel shell, thickness of 500 nm, covers every alite grain enclosing a water gap. The spatial dissolution rate of small alite grains in the acceleration period, ∼100 nm/h, is approximately four times faster than that of large alite grains in the deceleration stage, ∼25 nm/h. Etch-pit development has also been mapped out. This work is complemented by laboratory and synchrotron microtomographies, allowing to measure the particle size distributions with time. 4D nanoimaging will allow mechanistically study dissolution-precipitation processes including the roles of accelerators and superplasticizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shirani
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Cuesta
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Alejandro Morales-Cantero
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Isabel Santacruz
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Diaz
- Laboratory for Macromolecules and Bioimaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Pavel Trtik
- Laboratory for Neutron Scattering and Imaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Mirko Holler
- Laboratory for Macromolecules and Bioimaging, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Rack
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Bratislav Lukic
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 71 Rue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel Brun
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm UA7 STROBE, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Inés R Salcedo
- Servicios Centrales de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A G Aranda
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Cristalografía y Mineralogía, Universidad de Málaga, 29071, Málaga, Spain.
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7
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Monochromatic computed tomography using laboratory-scale setup. Sci Rep 2023; 13:363. [PMID: 36611113 PMCID: PMC9825405 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this article, we demonstrate the viability of highly monochromatic full-field X-ray absorption near edge structure based tomography using a laboratory-scale Johann-type X-ray absorption spectrometer utilising a conventional X-ray tube source. In this proof-of-concept, by using a phantom embedded with elemental Se, Na[Formula: see text]SeO[Formula: see text], and Na[Formula: see text]SeO[Formula: see text], we show that the three-dimensional distributions of Se in different oxidation states can be mapped and distinguished from the phantom matrix and each other with absorption edge contrast tomography. The presented method allows for volumetric analyses of chemical speciation in mm-scale samples using low-brilliance X-ray sources, and represents a new analytic tool for materials engineering and research in many fields including biology and chemistry.
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8
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Townsend O, Gazzola S, Dolgov S, Quinn P. Undersampling raster scans in spectromicroscopy for a reduced dose and faster measurements. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:43237-43254. [PMID: 36523026 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Combinations of spectroscopic analysis and microscopic techniques are used across many disciplines of scientific research, including material science, chemistry and biology. X-ray spectromicroscopy, in particular, is a powerful tool used for studying chemical state distributions at the micro and nano scales. With the beam fixed, a specimen is typically rastered through the probe with continuous motion and a range of multimodal data is collected at fixed time intervals. The application of this technique is limited in some areas due to: long scanning times to collect the data, either because of the area/volume under study or the compositional properties of the specimen; and material degradation due to the dose absorbed during the measurement. In this work, we propose a novel approach for reducing the dose and scanning times by undersampling the raster data. This is achieved by skipping rows within scans and reconstructing the x-ray spectromicroscopic measurements using low-rank matrix completion. The new method is robust and allows for 5 to 6-fold reduction in sampling. Experimental results obtained on real data are illustrated.
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9
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Structure of an amorphous calcium carbonate phase involved in the formation of Pinctada margaritifera shells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2212616119. [PMID: 36322756 PMCID: PMC9659418 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212616119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Some mollusc shells are formed from an amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) compound, which further transforms into a crystalline material. The transformation mechanism is not fully understood but is however crucial to develop bioinspired synthetic biomineralization strategies or accurate marine biomineral proxies for geoscience. The difficulty arises from the simultaneous presence of crystalline and amorphous compounds in the shell, which complicates the selective experimental characterization of the amorphous fraction. Here, we use nanobeam X-ray total scattering together with an approach to separate crystalline and amorphous scattering contributions to obtain the spatially resolved atomic pair distribution function (PDF). We resolve three distinct amorphous calcium carbonate compounds, present in the shell of Pinctada margaritifera and attributed to: interprismatic periostracum, young mineralizing units, and mature mineralizing units. From this, we extract accurate bond parameters by reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling of the PDF. This shows that the three amorphous compounds differ mostly in their Ca-O nearest-neighbor atom pair distance. Further characterization with conventional spectroscopic techniques unveils the presence of Mg in the shell and shows Mg-calcite in the final, crystallized shell. In line with recent literature, we propose that the amorphous-to-crystal transition is mediated by the presence of Mg. The transition occurs through the decomposition of the initial Mg-rich precursor into a second Mg-poor ACC compound before forming a crystal.
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10
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Holler M, Aidukas T, Heller L, Appel C, Phillips NW, Müller-Gubler E, Guizar-Sicairos M, Raabe J, Ihli J. Environmental control for X-ray nanotomography. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2022; 29:1223-1231. [PMID: 36073881 PMCID: PMC9455200 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522006968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The acquisition speed and spatial resolution of X-ray nanotomography have continuously improved over the last decades. Coherent diffraction-based techniques breach the 10 nm resolution barrier frequently and thus pose stringent demands on sample positioning accuracy and stability. At the same time there is an increasing desire to accommodate in situ or operando measurements. Here, an environmental control system for X-ray nanotomography is introduced to regulate the temperature of a sample from room temperature up to 850°C in a controlled atmospheric composition. The system allows for a 360° sample rotation, permitting tomographic studies in situ or operando free of missing wedge constraints. The system is implemented and available at the flOMNI microscope at the Swiss Light Source. In addition to the environmental control system itself, the related modifications of flOMNI are described. Tomographic measurements of a nanoporous gold sample at 50°C and 600°C at a resolution of sub-20 nm demonstrate the performance of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Holler
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI, Aargau 5232, Switzerland
| | - Tomas Aidukas
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI, Aargau 5232, Switzerland
| | - Lars Heller
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI, Aargau 5232, Switzerland
| | - Christian Appel
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI, Aargau 5232, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas W. Phillips
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI, Aargau 5232, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jörg Raabe
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI, Aargau 5232, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Ihli
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, Villigen PSI, Aargau 5232, Switzerland
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11
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Ishiguro N, Takahashi Y. Method for restoration of X-ray absorption fine structure in sparse spectroscopic ptychography. J Appl Crystallogr 2022. [DOI: 10.1107/s1600576722006380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The spectroscopic ptychography method, a technique combining X-ray ptychography imaging and X-ray absorption spectroscopy, is one of the most promising and powerful tools for studying the chemical states and morphological structures of bulk materials at high resolutions. However, this technique still requires long measurement periods because of insufficient coherent X-ray intensity. Although the improvements in hardware represent a critical solution, breakthroughs in software for experiments and analyses are also required. This paper proposes a novel method for restoring the spectrum structures from spectroscopic ptychography measurements with reduced energy points, by utilizing the Kramers–Kronig relationship. First, a numerical simulation is performed of the spectrum restoration for the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) oscillation from the thinned theoretical absorption and phase spectra. Then, this algorithm is extended by binning the noise removal to handle actual experimental spectral data. Spectrum restoration for the experimental EXAFS data obtained from spectroscopic ptychography measurements is also successfully demonstrated. The proposed restoration will help shorten the time required for spectroscopic ptychography single measurements and increase the throughput of the entire experiment under limited time resources.
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12
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Deng J, Yao Y, Jiang Y, Chen S, Mooney TM, Klug JA, Marin FS, Roehrig C, Yue K, Preissner C, Cai Z, Lai B, Vogt S. High-resolution ptychographic imaging enabled by high-speed multi-pass scanning. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:26027-26042. [PMID: 36236801 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a coherent diffraction imaging technique, ptychography provides high-spatial resolution beyond Rayleigh's criterion of the focusing optics, but it is also sensitively affected by the decoherence coming from the spatial and temporal variations in the experiment. Here we show that high-speed ptychographic data acquisition with short exposure can effectively reduce the impact from experimental variations. To reach a cumulative dose required for a given resolution, we further demonstrate that a continuous multi-pass scan via high-speed ptychography can achieve high-resolution imaging. This low-dose scan strategy is shown to be more dose-efficient, and has potential for radiation-sensitive sample studies and time-resolved imaging.
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13
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Abstract
X-ray spectroptychography is an emerging method for the chemical microanalysis of advanced nanomaterials such as catalysts and batteries. This method builds upon established synchrotron X-ray microscopy and spectromicroscopy techniques with added spatial resolution from ptychography, an algorithmic imaging technique. This minireview will introduce the technique of X-ray spectroptychography, where ptychography is performed with variable photon energy, and discuss recent results and prospects for this method.
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14
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Abstract
This study presents information about crystal imperfections in the main phase of industrial vanadium phosphorous oxide catalysts that are used to catalyze the oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride, being an important intermediate in the chemical industry. The mechanism of this reaction is still debated, and the catalytically active and selective surface centers have not yet been identified. The results presented are based on X-ray diffraction data obtained by both laboratory-scale and synchrotron powder diffraction experiments, as well as laboratory-scale single-crystal diffraction experiments. It has been proven that pronounced Bragg reflection broadening effects found in laboratory-scale powder diffraction patterns of industrial VPO catalysts are real and not due to an insufficient 2-θ resolution of the apparatus. In the framework of this work, a powder diffraction full profile fitting strategy was developed using the TOPAS software, which was applied to analyze the X-ray diffraction data of four differently activated industrial catalyst samples, originating from one batch after they had been catalytically tested. It was found that the reflection broadening is mainly caused by an anisotropic crystal size, which results in platelet-shaped crystallites of vanadyl pyrophosphate. A further contribution to the reflex broadening, especially for (111), was found to be a result of stacking faults perpendicular to the a direction in the crystal structure of vanadyl pyrophosphate. These results were used to elaborate on possible correlations between structural proxies and catalytic performance. A direct correlation between the extension of coherently scattering domains in the z direction and the catalyst’s selectivity could be proven, whereas the activity turned out to be dependent on the crystallite shape. Regarding the phase contents, it could be shown that sample catalysts containing a higher amount of β-VO(PO3)2 showed increased catalytic activity.
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Ihli J, Bloch L, Boecklein S, Rzepka P, Burghammer M, Cesar da Silva J, Mestl G, Anton van Bokhoven J. Evolution of Heterogeneity in Industrial Selective Oxidation Catalyst Pellets. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ihli
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
| | - Leonid Bloch
- Institut für Chemie- und Bioingenieurwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Przemyslaw Rzepka
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Institut für Chemie- und Bioingenieurwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
| | | | - Julio Cesar da Silva
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Institut Néel, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Gerhard Mestl
- Clariant AG, Waldheimer Str. 13, Bruckmühl 83052, Germany
| | - Jeroen Anton van Bokhoven
- Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen PSI 5232, Switzerland
- Institut für Chemie- und Bioingenieurwissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
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