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Chen J, Zheng M, Xiao Q, Wang H, Chi C, Lin T, Wang Y, Yi X, Zhu L. Recent Advances in Microfluidic-Based Extracellular Vesicle Analysis. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:630. [PMID: 38793203 PMCID: PMC11122811 DOI: 10.3390/mi15050630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as vital messengers, facilitating communication between cells, and exhibit tremendous potential in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. However, conventional EV isolation methods are labor-intensive, and they harvest EVs with low purity and compromised recovery. In addition, the drawbacks, such as the limited sensitivity and specificity of traditional EV analysis methods, hinder the application of EVs in clinical use. Therefore, it is urgent to develop effective and standardized methods for isolating and detecting EVs. Microfluidics technology is a powerful and rapidly developing technology that has been introduced as a potential solution for the above bottlenecks. It holds the advantages of high integration, short analysis time, and low consumption of samples and reagents. In this review, we summarize the traditional techniques alongside microfluidic-based methodologies for the isolation and detection of EVs. We emphasize the distinct advantages of microfluidic technology in enhancing the capture efficiency and precise targeting of extracellular vesicles (EVs). We also explore its analytical role in targeted detection. Furthermore, this review highlights the transformative impact of microfluidic technology on EV analysis, with the potential to achieve automated and high-throughput EV detection in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiming Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Meiyu Zheng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Qiaoling Xiao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Caixing Chi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Tahui Lin
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Xue Yi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China; (J.C.); (M.Z.); (Q.X.); (H.W.); (C.C.); (T.L.); (Y.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Functional and Clinical Translational Medicine, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, China
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen 361023, China
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Li X, Liu Y, Fan Y, Tian G, Shen B, Zhang S, Fu X, He W, Tao X, Ding X, Li X, Ding S. Advanced Nanoencapsulation-Enabled Ultrasensitive Analysis: Unraveling Tumor Extracellular Vesicle Subpopulations for Differential Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via DNA Cascade Reactions. ACS NANO 2024; 18:11389-11403. [PMID: 38628141 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (tEVs) hold immense promise as potential biomarkers for the precise diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, their clinical translation is hampered by their inherent characteristics, such as small size and high heterogeneity and complex environment, including non-EV particles and normal cell-derived EVs, which prolong separation procedures and compromise detection accuracy. In this study, we devised a DNA cascade reaction-triggered individual EV nanoencapsulation (DCR-IEVN) strategy to achieve the ultrasensitive and specific detection of tEV subpopulations via routine flow cytometry in a one-pot, one-step fashion. DCR-IEVN enables the direct and selective packaging of multiple tEV subpopulations in clinical serum samples into flower-like particles exceeding 600 nm. This approach bypasses the need for EV isolation, effectively reducing interference from non-EV particles and nontumor EVs. Compared with conventional analytical technologies, DCR-IEVN exhibits superior efficacy in diagnosing HCC owing to its high selectivity for tEVs. Integration of machine learning algorithms with DCR-IEVN resulted in differential diagnosis accuracy of 96.7% for the training cohort (n = 120) and 93.3% for the validation cohort (n = 30), effectively distinguishing HCC, cirrhosis, and healthy donors. This strategy offers a streamlined workflow and rapid assay completion and requires only small-volume serum samples and routine clinical devices, facilitating the clinical translation of tEV-based tumor diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yuanjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yunpeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Songzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xuhuai Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital and Chongqing Cancer Institute, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Wen He
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xingyu Tao
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaojuan Ding
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinmin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Sichuan-Chongqing Co-construction for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shijia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics (Ministry of Education), College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Li Y, Zhang S, Liu C, Deng J, Tian F, Feng Q, Qin L, Bai L, Fu T, Zhang L, Wang Y, Sun J. Thermophoretic glycan profiling of extracellular vesicles for triple-negative breast cancer management. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2292. [PMID: 38480740 PMCID: PMC10937950 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly metastatic and heterogeneous type of breast cancer with poor outcomes. Precise, non-invasive methods for diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of TNBC are particularly challenging due to a paucity of TNBC biomarkers. Glycans on extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold the promise as valuable biomarkers, but conventional methods for glycan analysis are not feasible in clinical practice. Here, we report that a lectin-based thermophoretic assay (EVLET) streamlines vibrating membrane filtration (VMF) and thermophoretic amplification, allowing for rapid, sensitive, selective and cost-effective EV glycan profiling in TNBC plasma. A pilot cohort study shows that the EV glycan signature reaches 91% accuracy for TNBC detection and 96% accuracy for longitudinal monitoring of TNBC therapeutic response. Moreover, we demonstrate the potential of EV glycan signature for predicting TNBC progression. Our EVLET system lays the foundation for non-invasive cancer management by EV glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Li
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jinqi Deng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lili Qin
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Lixiao Bai
- Department of Oncology, the Fifth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - Ting Fu
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province for Aptamers and Theranostics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310022, China
- Jiangsu Union Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhongdi Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211500, China
| | - Liqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yuguang Wang
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Jiashu Sun
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for BioNanotechnology, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Leong SY, Lok WW, Goh KY, Ong HB, Tay HM, Su C, Kong F, Upadya M, Wang W, Radnaa E, Menon R, Dao M, Dalan R, Suresh S, Lim DWT, Hou HW. High-Throughput Microfluidic Extraction of Platelet-free Plasma for MicroRNA and Extracellular Vesicle Analysis. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6623-6637. [PMID: 38348825 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cell-free RNAs and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are valuable biomarkers in liquid biopsies, but they are prone to preanalytical variabilities such as nonstandardized centrifugation or ex vivo blood degradation. Herein, we report a high-throughput and label-free inertial microfluidic device (ExoArc) for isolation of platelet-free plasma from blood for RNA and EV analysis. Unlike conventional inertial microfluidic devices widely used for cell sorting, a submicrometer size cutoff (500 nm) was achieved which completely removed all leukocytes, RBCs, platelets, and cellular debris based on differential lateral migration induced by Dean vortices. The single-step operation also reduced platelet-associated miRNAs (∼2-fold) compared to centrifugation. We clinically validated ExoArc for plasma miRNA profiling (39 samples) and identified a 7-miRNA panel that detects non-small cell lung cancer with ∼90% sensitivity. ExoArc was also coupled with size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to isolate EVs within 50 min with ∼10-fold higher yield than ultracentrifugation. As a proof-of-concept for EV-based transcriptomics analysis, we performed miRNA analysis in healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects (n = 3 per group) by coupling ExoArc and ExoArc+SEC with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay. Among 293 miRNAs detected, plasmas and EVs showed distinct differentially expressed miRNAs in T2DM subjects. We further demonstrated automated in-line EV sorting from low volume culture media for continuous EV monitoring. Overall, the developed ExoArc offers a convenient centrifugation-free workflow to automate plasma and EV isolation for point-of-care diagnostics and quality control in EV manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Yuan Leong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Wan Wei Lok
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Kah Yee Goh
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583
| | - Hong Boon Ong
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Hui Min Tay
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Chengxun Su
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Fang Kong
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Megha Upadya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
| | - Wei Wang
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138634
| | - Enkhtuya Radnaa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555-1062, United States
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77555-1062, United States
| | - Ming Dao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rinkoo Dalan
- Endocrine and Diabetes, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore 308433
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232
| | - Subra Suresh
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Darren Wan-Teck Lim
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore 168583
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138673
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Han Wei Hou
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232
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5
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Du S, Zhou X, Zheng B. Beyond Traditional Medicine: EVs-Loaded Hydrogels as a Game Changer in Disease Therapeutics. Gels 2024; 10:162. [PMID: 38534580 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), especially exosomes, have shown great therapeutic potential in the treatment of diseases, as they can target cells or tissues. However, the therapeutic effect of EVs is limited due to the susceptibility of EVs to immune system clearance during transport in vivo. Hydrogels have become an ideal delivery platform for EVs due to their good biocompatibility and porous structure. This article reviews the preparation and application of EVs-loaded hydrogels as a cell-free therapy strategy in the treatment of diseases. The article also discusses the challenges and future outlook of EVs-loaded hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Du
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Xiaohu Zhou
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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Bi Y, Chen J, Li Q, Li Y, Zhang L, Zhida L, Yuan F, Zhang R. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicle drug delivery system for chemo-photothermal-immune combination cancer treatment. iScience 2024; 27:108833. [PMID: 38333709 PMCID: PMC10850737 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor extracellular vesicles (EVs) demonstrate considerable promise for medication delivery and tumor targeting owing to their natural long-term blood circulation and tissue targeting capabilities. We extracted EVs from mouse breast cancer cell 4T1 using UV stimulation and differential centrifugation. To create a new nano-drug delivery system, the vesicle delivery system (EPM) loaded with melanin and paclitaxel albumin (PA), the collected EVs were repeatedly compressed on a 200 nm porous polycarbonate membrane with melanin and PA. Our findings suggest that EPM is readily absorbed by breast cancer and dendritic cells. EPM generates significant photoacoustic signals and photothermal effects when exposed to near-infrared light and can enhance the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in mouse tumor tissues. EPM is more cytotoxic than PA in in vivo and in vitro investigations. The efficacy of EPM in clinical transformation when paired with chemotherapy/photothermal/immunotherapy treatment is demonstrated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Bi
- Center of Gene Sequencing, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, P.R. China
| | - Jieya Chen
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences,Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- Center of Gene Sequencing, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030032, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Pathology & Shanxi Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research of Esophageal Cancer, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Liu Zhida
- Shanxi Academy of Advanced Research and Innovation, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Fajia Yuan
- Shanxi Jinzhong Health School, Jinzhong 030600, P.R. China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- The Radiology Department of Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, P.R. China
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Cong XZ, Feng J, Zhang HJ, Zhang LZ, Lin TY, Chen G, Zhang ZL. Microfluidic Device-Based In Vivo Detection of PD-L1-Positive Small Extracellular Vesicles and Its Application for Tumor Monitoring. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2658-2665. [PMID: 38311857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is of great significance in tumor early diagnosis and treatment stratification. PD-L1-positive small extracellular vesicles (PD-L1+ sEVs) are closely related to tumor growth and immunotherapy response, which are considered valuable liquid biopsy biomarkers. In contrast to conventional in vitro detection, in vivo detection has the ability to improve the detection efficiency and enable continuous or real-time dynamic monitoring. However, in vivo detection of PD-L1+ sEVs has multiple difficulties, such as high cell background, complex blood environments, and lack of a specific and stable detection method. Herein, the in vivo detection of PD-L1+ sEVs method was constructed, which efficiently separated sEVs based on the microfluidic device and quantitatively analyzed PD-L1+ sEVs by aptamer recognition and hybridization chain reaction. The concentration of PD-L1+ sEVs was continuously monitored, and significant differences at different stages of tumor as well as a correlation with tumor volume were found. Diseased and healthy individuals could also be effectively distinguished based on the concentration of PD-L1+ sEVs. The method with good stability, biocompatibility, and detection performance provided a powerful means for in vivo detection of PD-L1+ sEVs, contributing to the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Zhu Cong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Feng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - He-Jing Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Zhou Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Tian-Yang Lin
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Ling Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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Marassi V, Giordani S, Placci A, Punzo A, Caliceti C, Zattoni A, Reschiglian P, Roda B, Roda A. Emerging Microfluidic Tools for Simultaneous Exosomes and Cargo Biosensing in Liquid Biopsy: New Integrated Miniaturized FFF-Assisted Approach for Colon Cancer Diagnosis. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9432. [PMID: 38067805 PMCID: PMC10708636 DOI: 10.3390/s23239432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The early-stage diagnosis of cancer is a crucial clinical need. The inadequacies of surgery tissue biopsy have prompted a transition to a less invasive profiling of molecular biomarkers from biofluids, known as liquid biopsy. Exosomes are phospholipid bilayer vesicles present in many biofluids with a biologically active cargo, being responsible for cell-to-cell communication in biological systems. An increase in their excretion and changes in their cargo are potential diagnostic biomarkers for an array of diseases, including cancer, and they constitute a promising analyte for liquid biopsy. The number of exosomes released, the morphological properties, the membrane composition, and their content are highly related to the physiological and pathological states. The main analytical challenge to establishing liquid biopsy in clinical practice is the development of biosensors able to detect intact exosomes concentration and simultaneously analyze specific membrane biomarkers and those contained in their cargo. Before analysis, exosomes also need to be isolated from biological fluids. Microfluidic systems can address several issues present in conventional methods (i.e., ultracentrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography, ultrafiltration, and immunoaffinity capture), which are time-consuming and require a relatively high amount of sample; in addition, they can be easily integrated with biosensing systems. A critical review of emerging microfluidic-based devices for integrated biosensing approaches and following the major analytical need for accurate diagnostics is presented here. The design of a new miniaturized biosensing system is also reported. A device based on hollow-fiber flow field-flow fractionation followed by luminescence-based immunoassay is applied to isolate intact exosomes and characterize their cargo as a proof of concept for colon cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Marassi
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Giordani
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Anna Placci
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
| | - Angela Punzo
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiana Caliceti
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Renewable Sources, Environment, Sea and Energy—CIRI FRAME, University of Bologna, 40131 Bologna, Italy
- Interdepartmental Centre for Industrial Agrofood Research—CIRI Agrofood, University of Bologna, 47521 Cesena, Italy
| | - Andrea Zattoni
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Reschiglian
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Roda
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
- byFlow srl, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Aldo Roda
- Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (V.M.); (S.G.); (A.P.); (A.Z.); (P.R.)
- National Institute of Biostructure and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy; (A.P.); (C.C.)
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9
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Meng Y, Zhang Y, Bühler M, Wang S, Asghari M, Stürchler A, Mateescu B, Weiss T, Stavrakis S, deMello AJ. Direct isolation of small extracellular vesicles from human blood using viscoelastic microfluidics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadi5296. [PMID: 37801500 PMCID: PMC10558121 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi5296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs; <200 nm) that contain lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins are considered promising biomarkers for a wide variety of diseases. Conventional methods for sEV isolation from blood are incompatible with routine clinical workflows, significantly hampering the utilization of blood-derived sEVs in clinical settings. Here, we present a simple, viscoelastic-based microfluidic platform for label-free isolation of sEVs from human blood. The separation performance of the device is assessed by isolating fluorescent sEVs from whole blood, demonstrating purities and recovery rates of over 97 and 87%, respectively. Significantly, our viscoelastic-based microfluidic method also provides for a remarkable increase in sEV yield compared to gold-standard ultracentrifugation, with proteomic profiles of blood-derived sEVs purified by both methods showing similar protein compositions. To demonstrate the clinical utility of the approach, we isolate sEVs from blood samples of 20 patients with cancer and 20 healthy donors, demonstrating that elevated sEV concentrations can be observed in blood derived from patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchao Meng
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Bühler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Shuchen Wang
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Asghari
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra Stürchler
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Mateescu
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Weiss
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University of Zürich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stavros Stavrakis
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J. deMello
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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10
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Chernyshev VS, Yashchenok A, Ivanov M, Silachev DN. Filtration-based technologies for isolation, purification and analysis of extracellular vesicles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23344-23357. [PMID: 37646109 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03129b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cellular communication with multifactorial and multifaceted biological activity has generated significant interest, highlighting their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. EVs are found in nearly all biological fluids creating a broad spectrum of where potential disease markers can be found for liquid biopsy development and what subtypes can be used for treatment of diseases. Complexity of biological fluids has generated a variety of different approaches for EV isolation and identification that may in one way or another be most optimal for research studies or clinical use. Each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages, significance of which can be evaluated depending on the end goal of the study. One of the methods is based on filtration which has received attention in the past years due its versatility, low cost and other advantages. Introduction of different approaches for EV capture and analysis that are based on filtration gave rise to new subcategories of filtration techniques which are presented in this overview. Miniaturization and combination of filtration-based approaches with microfluidics is also highlighted due its future prospects in healthcare, especially point-of-need technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy S Chernyshev
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey Yashchenok
- Skoltech Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ivanov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Denis N Silachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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