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Zhao Y, Wang Y, Xue W, Cheng R, Zheng X, Zhu G, Hu D, Huang H, Hu C, Liu D. Unveiling the Role of Cationic Pyridine Sites in Covalent Triazine Framework for Boosting Zinc-Iodine Batteries Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403097. [PMID: 38753369 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Rechargeable Zinc-iodine batteries (ZIBs) are gaining attention as energy storage devices due to their high energy density, low-cost, and inherent safety. However, the poor cycling performance of these batteries always arises from the severe leakage and shuttle effect of polyiodides (I3 - and I5 -). Herein, a novel cationic pyridine-rich covalent triazine framework (CCTF-TPMB) is developed to capture and confine iodine (I2) species via strong electrostatic interaction, making it an attractive host for I2 in ZIBs. The as-fabricated ZIBs with I2 loaded CCTF-TPMB (I2@CCTF-TPMB) cathode achieve a large specific capacity of 243 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 and an exceptionally stable cyclic performance, retaining 93.9% of its capacity over 30 000 cycles at 5 A g-1. The excellent electrochemical performance of the ZIBs can be attributed to the pyridine-rich cationic sites of CCTF-TPMB, which effectively suppress the leakage and shuttle of polyiodides, while also accelerating the conversion reaction of I2 species. Combined in situ Raman and UV-vis analysis, along with theoretical calculations, clearly reveal the critical role played by pyridine-rich cationic sites in boosting the ZIBs performances. This work opens up a promising pathway for designing advanced I2 cathode materials toward next-generation ZIBs and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wenjuan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Ruyi Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Gengcong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dayin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Chuangang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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2
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Wang Z, Yi Z, Wong LW, Tang X, Wang H, Wang H, Zhou C, He Y, Xiong W, Wang G, Zeng G, Zhao J, Xu P. Oxygen Doping Cooperated with Co-N-Fe Dual-Catalytic Sites: Synergistic Mechanism for Catalytic Water Purification within Nanoconfined Membrane. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404278. [PMID: 38743014 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Atom-site catalysts, especially for graphitic carbon nitride-based catalysts, represents one of the most promising candidates in catalysis membrane for water decontamination. However, unravelling the intricate relationships between synthesis-structure-properties remains a great challenge. This study addresses the impacts of coordination environment and structure units of metal central sites based on Mantel test, correlation analysis, and evolution of metal central sites. An optimized unconventional oxygen doping cooperated with Co-N-Fe dual-sites (OCN Co/Fe) exhibits synergistic mechanism for efficient peroxymonosulfate activation, which benefits from a significant increase in charge density at the active sites and the regulation in the natural population of orbitals, leading to selective generation of SO4 •-. Building upon these findings, the OCN-Co/Fe/PVDF composite membrane demonstrates a 33 min-1 ciprofloxacin (CIP) rejection efficiency and maintains over 96% CIP removal efficiency (over 24 h) with an average permeance of 130.95 L m-2 h-1. This work offers a fundamental guide for elucidating the definitive origin of catalytic performance in advance oxidation process to facilitate the rational design of separation catalysis membrane with improved performance and enhanced stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Zhigang Yi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Lok Wing Wong
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Xiang Tang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, P. R. China
| | - Hou Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Han Wang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Chengyun Zhou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yangzhuo He
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Weiping Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guangfu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Zeng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Piao Xu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University and Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Ministry of Education), Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
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Ma R, Tang C, Wang Y, Xu X, Wu M, Cui X, Yang Y. Linker Mediated Electronic-State Manipulation of Conjugated Organic Polymers Enabling Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202405594. [PMID: 38638107 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers with tailorable composition and microarchitecture are propitious for modulating catalytic properties and deciphering inherent structure-performance relationships. Herein, we report a facile linker engineering strategy to manipulate the electronic states of metallophthalocyanine conjugated polymers and uncover the vital role of organic linkers in facilitating electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Specifically, a set of cobalt phthalocyanine conjugated polymers (CoPc-CPs) wrapped onto carbon nanotubes (denoted CNTs@CoPc-CPs) are judiciously crafted via in situ assembling square-planar cobalt tetraaminophthalocyanine (CoPc(NH2)4) with different linear aromatic dialdehyde-based organic linkers in the presence of CNTs. Intriguingly, upon varying the electronic characteristic of organic linkers from terephthalaldehyde (TA) to 2,5-thiophenedicarboxaldehyde (TDA) and then to thieno/thiophene-2,5-dicarboxaldehyde (bTDA), their corresponding CNTs@CoPc-CPs exhibit gradually improved electrocatalytic ORR performance. More importantly, theoretical calculations reveal that the charge transfer from CoPc units to electron-withdrawing linkers (i.e., TDA and bTDA) drives the delocalization of Co d-orbital electrons, thereby downshifting the Co d-band energy level. Accordingly, the active Co centers with more positive valence state exhibit optimized binding energy toward ORR-relevant intermediates and thus a balanced adsorption/desorption pathway that endows significant enhancement in electrocatalytic ORR. This work demonstrates a molecular-level engineering route for rationally designing efficient polymer catalysts and gaining insightful understanding of electrocatalytic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chenglong Tang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yonglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Mingjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Xun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Yingkui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
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Liu F, Guo Y, Zhong Y, Li J, Zhang H, Shi L, Lin X, Ye F, Ge K, Yuan S, Hu C, Guo C. Sulfur-bridge ligands altering the microenvironment of single-atom CoN 3S sites to boost the oxygen reduction reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4064-4067. [PMID: 38502568 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00854e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
We report here an asymmetric N,S-coordinated cobalt-based single-atom catalyst with sulfur (S)-bridge ligands (Co-N/S-C) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The Co-N/S-C exhibits a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.908 V versus RHE, outperforming most state-of-the-art ORR catalysts. Theoretical calculations indicate that the CoN3SC10-S moiety facilitates the ORR kinetics by optimizing the adsorption of intermediates. This work provides new insights into the design of single-atom catalysts for electrocatalysis through heteroatom-bridge ligand engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Yingchun Guo
- Department of Materials Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Yan Zhong
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Jingsha Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xuanni Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic - Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Fenghui Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Organic - Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Kai Ge
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing 102600, China
| | - Chuangang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic - Inorganic Composites, College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chunxian Guo
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
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5
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Yang Y, Wang G, Zhang S, Jiao C, Wu X, Pan C, Mao J, Liu Y. Boron in the Second Coordination Sphere of Fe Single Atom Boosts the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:16224-16231. [PMID: 38513153 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Metal single atoms coordinated with four nitrogen atoms (M1N4) are regarded as tremendously promising catalysts for the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Nevertheless, the strong bond intensity between the metal center and the O atom in oxygen-containing intermediates significantly limits the ORR activity of M1N4. Herein, the catalytically active B atom is successfully introduced into the second coordination sphere of the Fe single atom (Fe1N4-B-C) to realize the alternative binding of B and O atoms and thus facilitate the ORR activity. Compared with the pristine Fe1N4 catalyst, the synthesized Fe1N4-B-C catalyst exhibits improved ORR catalytic capability with a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.80 V and a kinetic current density (JK) of 5.32 mA cm-2 in acid electrolyte. Moreover, in an alkaline electrolyte, the Fe1N4-B-C catalyst displays remarkable ORR activity with E1/2 of 0.87 V and JK of 8.94 mA cm-2 at 0.85 V, outperforming commercial Pt/C. Notably, the mechanistic study has revealed that the active center is the B atom in the second coordination shell of the Fe1N4-B-C catalyst, which avoids the direct bonding of Fe-O. The B center has a moderate binding force to the ORR intermediate, which flattens the ORR energy diagram and thereby improves the ORR performance. Therefore, this study offers a novel strategy for tailoring catalytic performance by tuning the active center of single-atom catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Chi Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Anhui RuiHy Power Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Chenbing Pan
- Anhui RuiHy Power Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Junjie Mao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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6
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Pei Z, Zhang H, Guo Y, Luan D, Gu X, Lou XWD. Atomically Dispersed Fe Sites Regulated by Adjacent Single Co Atoms Anchored on N-P Co-Doped Carbon Structures for Highly Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306047. [PMID: 37496431 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the coordination environment and electron distribution for heterogeneous catalysts at the atomic level is an effective strategy to improve electrocatalytic performance but remains challenging. Herein, atomically dispersed Fe and Co anchored on nitrogen, phosphorus co-doped carbon hollow nanorod structures (FeCo-NPC) are rationally designed and synthesized. The as-prepared FeCo-NPC catalyst exhibits significantly boosted electrocatalytic kinetics and greatly upshifts the half-wave potential for the oxygen reduction reaction. Furthermore, when utilized as the cathode, the FeCo-NPC catalyst also displays excellent zinc-air battery performance. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that the introduction of single Co atoms with Co-N/P coordination around isolated Fe atoms induces asymmetric electron distribution, resulting in the suitable adsorption/desorption ability for oxygen intermediates and the optimized reaction barrier, thereby improving the electrocatalytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Pei
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637459
| | - Huabin Zhang
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Deyan Luan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xiaojun Gu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, China
| | - Xiong Wen David Lou
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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7
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Luo Y, Li K, Hu Y, Chen T, Wang Q, Hu J, Feng J, Feng J. TiN as Radical Scavenger in Fe─N─C Aerogel Oxygen Reduction Catalyst for Durable Fuel Cell. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309822. [PMID: 38396268 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Fe─N─C is the most promising alternative to platinum-based catalysts to lower the cost of proton-exchange-membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). However, the deficient durability of Fe─N─C has hindered their application. Herein, a TiN-doped Fe─N─C (Fe─N─C/TiN) is elaborately synthesized via the sol-gel method for the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR) in PEMFC. The interpenetrating network composed by Fe─N─C and TiN can simultaneously eliminate the free radical intermediates while maintaining the high ORR activity. As a result, the H2 O2 yields of Fe─N─C/TiN are suppressed below 4%, ≈4 times lower than the Fe─N─C, and the half-wave potential only lost 15 mV after 30 kilo-cycle accelerated durability test (ADT). In a H2 ─O2 fuel cell assembled with Fe─N─C/TiN, it presents 980 mA cm-2 current density at 0.6 V, 880 mW cm-2 peak power density, and only 17 mV voltage loss at 0.80 A cm-2 after 10 kilo-cycle ADT. The experiment and calculation results prove that the TiN has a strong adsorption interaction for the free radical intermediates (such as *OH, *OOH, etc.), and the radicals are scavenged subsequently. The rational integration of Fe single-atom, TiN radical scavenger, and highly porous network adequately utilize the intrinsic advantages of composite structure, enabling a durable and active Pt-metal-free catalyst for PEMFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luo
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 109 De Ya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China
- Department of Aviation Oil and Material, Air Force Logistics Academy, 72 Xi Ge Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, China
| | - Ke Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, 299 Ba Yi Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 300720, China
| | - Yijie Hu
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 109 De Ya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China
| | - Teng Chen
- Department of Aviation Oil and Material, Air Force Logistics Academy, 72 Xi Ge Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, China
| | - Qichen Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 1088 Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianqiang Hu
- Department of Aviation Oil and Material, Air Force Logistics Academy, 72 Xi Ge Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221000, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 109 De Ya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China
| | - Junzong Feng
- Science and Technology on Advanced Ceramic Fibers and Composites Laboratory, College of Aerospace Science and Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, 109 De Ya Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China
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Zhang M, Hao M, Tang X, Fan Y, Xia H. Synthetic Principles of Spiky Au Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:59722-59730. [PMID: 38091471 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the synthetic principles of spiky Au nanoparticles (spiky Au NPs) with an average number of spikes of less than or equal to six and controlled core sizes by using Au nanorods as seeds (Au-NR seeds) are summarized on the basis of the results of a series of control experiments. In addition, one empirical equation that can roughly estimate the number of spiky Au NPs is proposed, demonstrated by the results of the products prepared from different aspect ratios of Au-NRs as seeds and non-Au-NR seeds. Moreover, the synthetic principles of spiky Au NPs are further demonstrated by taking the successful synthesis of a serials of spiky Au21×7 NPs. Furthermore, the as-prepared spiky Au@Au11.8Pd88.2 NPs with ultrathin AuPd shells, which are derived from spiky Au21×7 NPs with the smallest cores, can bear excellent catalytic activity (say, E1/2 = 0.947 V) and durability toward the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline conditions, compared with commercial Pt/C catalysts (E1/2 = 0.883 V).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xueling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yongchan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Haibing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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