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Keune J, Di Giuseppe F, Barnard C, Damasio da Costa E, Wetterhall F. ERA5-Drought: Global drought indices based on ECMWF reanalysis. Sci Data 2025; 12:616. [PMID: 40229303 PMCID: PMC11997039 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-025-04896-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2025] [Indexed: 04/16/2025] Open
Abstract
Droughts are increasingly intensified by human-induced climate change and pose a growing threat to society. Thus, enhancing our capabilities to monitor drought occurrence and intensity is crucial. This paper introduces a new dataset of drought indices derived from the 5th generation ECMWF reanalysis system (ERA5), which offers long-term monitoring of the global climate in both deterministic and probabilistic forms. This global dataset is freely accessible through an ECMWF-hosted data store, and it entails two prominent drought indices: the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI). Both indices are calculated over a range of accumulation periods from 1 month to 4 years and are available for the full ERA5 climatology from 1940 to today. It also contains validation data that indicates the quality of these drought indices. The ERA5-Drought dataset serves as a valuable tool for environmental agencies and supports sectors such as water management and agriculture, thus contributing to efforts that monitor water and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Keune
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, RG2 9AX, Reading, UK.
| | - Francesca Di Giuseppe
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, RG2 9AX, Reading, UK.
| | - Christopher Barnard
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, RG2 9AX, Reading, UK
| | | | - Fredrik Wetterhall
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Park, RG2 9AX, Reading, UK
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Naeem S, Jackson J, Neelin D. Let's celebrate Earth Day as the Age of Open Science. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp6048. [PMID: 38630823 PMCID: PMC11023497 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp6048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Naeem
- Shahid Naeem, Deputy Editor, Science Advances, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology (E3B), Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Ave, 10th Floor Schermerhorn Extension, MC5557, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Jeremy Jackson, Deputy Editor, Science Advances, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA, USA
- David Neelin, Deputy Editor, Science Advances, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1565, USA
| | - Jeremy Jackson
- Shahid Naeem, Deputy Editor, Science Advances, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology (E3B), Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Ave, 10th Floor Schermerhorn Extension, MC5557, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Jeremy Jackson, Deputy Editor, Science Advances, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA, USA
- David Neelin, Deputy Editor, Science Advances, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1565, USA
| | - David Neelin
- Shahid Naeem, Deputy Editor, Science Advances, Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Biology (E3B), Columbia University, 1200 Amsterdam Ave, 10th Floor Schermerhorn Extension, MC5557, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
- Jeremy Jackson, Deputy Editor, Science Advances, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA, USA
- David Neelin, Deputy Editor, Science Advances, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1565, USA
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