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Wang YX, Deng ZH, Li YY, Bai K, Ma J, Liu Y, Chen Q. Function of hematopoiesis and bone marrow niche in inflammation and non-hematopoietic diseases. LIFE MEDICINE 2025; 4:lnaf015. [PMID: 40376111 PMCID: PMC12076419 DOI: 10.1093/lifemedi/lnaf015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2025] [Indexed: 05/18/2025]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis and the behavior of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are regulated by the bone marrow niche. Here, we introduce the major niche cell types in bone marrow and their response to stress condition. We highlight the hematopoietic response and bone marrow niche adaptation to inflammatory condition and non-hematopoietic diseases, which are not systematically summarized. These emerging data suggest targeting hematopoiesis and bone marrow niche may provide novel therapeutic target to precisely control the progression of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-xiang Wang
- Center for Cell Lineage Atlas, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- China-New Zealand Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhao-hua Deng
- Center for Cell Lineage Atlas, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- China-New Zealand Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yu-yan Li
- Center for Cell Lineage Atlas, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
- China-New Zealand Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Ke Bai
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinjin Ma
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- The Institute of Future Health, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Innovation Centre of Ministry of Education for Development and Diseases, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Center for Cell Lineage Atlas, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
- China-New Zealand Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510530, China
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Marshall JL, Satti I, Surakhy M, Harris SA, Morrison H, Wittenberg RE, Peralta Alvarez MP, Li S, Lopez Ramon R, Hoogkamer E, Salguero FJ, Ramos Lopez F, Mitton C, Cabrera Puig I, Powell Doherty R, Tanner R, Hinks TSC, Bettinson H, McShane H. Early mucosal responses following a randomised controlled human inhaled infection with attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Nat Commun 2025; 16:4989. [PMID: 40442144 PMCID: PMC12122720 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-60285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2025] [Indexed: 06/02/2025] Open
Abstract
The development of an effective vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is hampered by an incomplete understanding of immunoprotective mechanisms. We utilise an aerosol human challenge model using attenuated Mycobacterium bovis BCG, in BCG-naïve UK adults. The primary endpoint of this study (NCT03912207) was to characterise the early immune responses induced by aerosol BCG infection, the secondary endpoint was to identify immune markers associated with in-vitro protection. Blinded volunteers were randomised to inhale 1 × 107 CFU aerosolised BCG or 0.9% saline (20:6); and sequentially allocated to bronchoscopy at day 2 or 7 post-inhalation (10 BCG, 3 saline each timepoint). In the bronchoalveolar lavage post-aerosol BCG infection, there was an increase in frequency of eosinophils, neutrophils, NK cells and Donor-Unrestricted T cells at day 7, and the frequency of antigen presenting cells decreased at day 7 compared with day 2. The frequency of interferon-gamma+ BCG-specific CD4+ T cells increased in the BAL and peaked in the blood at day 7 post-BCG infection compared to day 2. BAL cells at day 2 and day 7 upregulated gene pathways related to phagocytosis, MHC-II antigen loading, T cell activation and proliferation. BCG's lack of key virulence factors and its failure to induce granulomas, may mean the observed immune responses do not fully recapitulate Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. However, human infection models can provide unique insights into early immune mechanisms, informing vaccine design for complex pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia L Marshall
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Iman Satti
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mirvat Surakhy
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie A Harris
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel Morrison
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel E Wittenberg
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Polo Peralta Alvarez
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Shuailin Li
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Raquel Lopez Ramon
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Hoogkamer
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fernando Ramos Lopez
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Celia Mitton
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid Cabrera Puig
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Powell Doherty
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Tanner
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy S C Hinks
- Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Henry Bettinson
- Oxford Centre for Respiratory Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, The University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom.
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Hilligan KL, Darrah PA, Seder RA, Sher A. Deconvoluting the interplay of innate and adaptive immunity in BCG-induced nonspecific and TB-specific host resistance. J Exp Med 2025; 222:e20240496. [PMID: 40100096 PMCID: PMC11917170 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20240496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2025] [Accepted: 02/27/2025] [Indexed: 03/20/2025] Open
Abstract
BCG is the oldest vaccine in continuous use. While current intradermal vaccination regimens confer limited protection outside the context of pediatric extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB), promising new data indicate that when administered mucosally or intravenously at a higher dose, BCG can induce sterilizing immunity against pulmonary TB in nonhuman primates. BCG is also known to promote nonspecific host resistance against a variety of unrelated infections and is a standard immunotherapy for bladder cancer, suggesting that this innate immune function may contribute to its protective role against TB. Here, we propose that both the mycobacterial-specific and off-target effects of BCG depend on the interplay of adaptive and innate cells and the cytokines they produce, and that the elucidation of this interaction should be a major strategy in the development of more effective BCG-based vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia A. Darrah
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert A. Seder
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alan Sher
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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