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Mikuteit M, Baskal S, Klawitter S, Dopfer-Jablonka A, Behrens GMN, Müller F, Schröder D, Klawonn F, Steffens S, Tsikas D. Amino acids, post-translational modifications, nitric oxide, and oxidative stress in serum and urine of long COVID and ex COVID human subjects. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1173-1188. [PMID: 37516715 PMCID: PMC10564820 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03305-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the status of amino acids, their post-translational modifications (PTM), major nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a biomarker of oxidative stress in serum and urine samples of long COVID (LoCo, n = 124) and ex COVID (ExCo, n = 24) human subjects collected in 2022. Amino acids and metabolites were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods using stable-isotope labelled analogs as internal standards. There were no differences with respect to circulating and excretory arginine and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). LoCo participants excreted higher amounts of guanidino acetate than ExCo participants (17.8 ± 10.4 µM/mM vs. 12.6 ± 8.86 µM/mM, P = 0.005). By contrast, LoCo participants excreted lower amounts of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) NG-carboxyethylarginine (CEA) than ExCo participants did (0.675 ± 0.781 µM/mM vs. 1.16 ± 2.04 µM/mM, P = 0.0326). The serum concentrations of MDA did not differ between the groups, indicating no elevated oxidative stress in LoCo or ExCo. The serum concentration of nitrite was lower in LoCo compared to ExCo (1.96 ± 0.92 µM vs. 2.56 ± 1.08 µM; AUC, 0.718), suggesting altered NO synthesis in the endothelium. The serum concentration of nitrite correlated inversely with the symptom anxiety (r = - 0.293, P = 0.0003). The creatinine-corrected urinary excretion of Lys and its metabolite L-5-hydroxy-Lys correlated positively with COVID toes (r = 0.306, P = 0.00027) and sore throat (r = 0.302, P = 0.0003). Our results suggest that amino acid metabolism, PTM and oxidative stress are not severely affected in long COVID. LoCo participants may have a lower circulating NO reservoir than ExCo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Mikuteit
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Dean’s Office–Curriculum Development, Hannover, Germany
| | - Svetlana Baskal
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Klawitter
- Institute for Information Engineering, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Wolfenbüttel, Germany
| | | | - Georg M. N. Behrens
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualized Infection Medicine (CiiM), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Frank Müller
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI USA
| | - Dominik Schröder
- Department of General Practice, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Klawonn
- Institute for Information Engineering, Ostfalia University of Applied Sciences, Wolfenbüttel, Germany
- Biostatistics Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Sandra Steffens
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Dean’s Office–Curriculum Development, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dimitrios Tsikas
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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2
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Sun J, Zhang X, Wang X, Peng J, Song G, Di Y, Feng F, Wang S. Dithiol-Activated Bioorthogonal Chemistry for Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeted Synergistic Chemophototherapy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202213765. [PMID: 36342403 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The controlled intracellular release of nitrite is still an unmet challenge due to the lack of bio-friendly donors, and the antitumor effect of nitrite is limited by its physiologically inert activity. Herein, we designed benzothiadiazole-based organic nitrite donors that are stable against bio-relevant species but selectively respond to dithiol species through SN Ar/intramolecular cyclization tandem reactions in the aqueous media. The bioorthogonal system was established to target the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of liver cancer HepG2 cells. The nitrite and nonivamide were coupled to induce elevation of intracellular levels of calcium ions as well as reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, which resulted in ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. We demonstrated that a combination of photoactivation and "click to release" strategy could enhance antitumor effect in cellular level and show good potential for cancer precision therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jinlei Peng
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Gang Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fude Feng
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, 210023, Jiangsu, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, P. R. China
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Cao R, Huang H, Liang J, Wang T, Luo Y, Asiri AM, Ye H, Sun X. A MoN nanosheet array supported on carbon cloth as an efficient electrochemical sensor for nitrite detection. Analyst 2019; 144:5378-5380. [PMID: 31441910 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01270b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nitrite, widely found in the environment and the food industry, poses a great threat to human health because of its potential toxicity, and its detection is highly important. We report that a MoN nanosheet array on carbon cloth (MoN NA/CC) behaves as an efficient catalyst for nitrite reduction in neutral solution. As a nitrite sensor, this MoN NA/CC offers a wide linear range from 1 μM to 5 mM and a low detection limit of 3 nM (S/N = 3), with a high sensitivity of 4319 μA mM-1 cm-2 and long-term stability and reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Cao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hong Huang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jie Liang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonglan Luo
- Chemical Synthesis and Pollution Control Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, Sichuan, China
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science & Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hejiang Ye
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan, China.
| | - Xuping Sun
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, Sichuan, China.
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4
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Kamel RM, Shahat A, Hegazy WH, Khodier EM, Awual MR. Efficient toxic nitrite monitoring and removal from aqueous media with ligand based conjugate materials. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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5
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Synthesis of albumin capped gold nanoparticles and their direct attachment on glassy carbon electrode for the determination of nitrite ion. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Highly selective silver nanoparticles based label free colorimetric sensor for nitrite anions. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 842:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Wainright T. THE CHEMISTRY OF NITROSAMINE FORMATION: RELEVANCE TO MALTING AND BREWING. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.1986.tb04373.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mahapatra AK, Hazra G, Mukhopadhyay SK, Mukhopadhyay AR. A new selective turn-on fluorogenic dipodal-cobalt(II) ensemble probe for nitrite ion detection and live cell imaging. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.12.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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9
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Zhang J, Yang C, Wang X, Yang X. Colorimetric recognition and sensing of nitrite with unmodified gold nanoparticles based on a specific diazo reaction with phenylenediamine. Analyst 2012; 137:3286-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35204d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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10
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Derave W, Taes Y. Beware of the pickle: health effects of nitrate intake. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2009; 107:1677; author reply 1678. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00969.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University; and
| | - Youri Taes
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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11
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Deldicque L, Décombaz J, Zbinden Foncea H, Vuichoud J, Poortmans JR, Francaux M. Kinetics of creatine ingested as a food ingredient. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007; 102:133-43. [PMID: 17851680 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-007-0558-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test if the consumption of creatine incorporated in food bars modifies creatine plasma kinetics, erythrocyte retention and loss in urine and in feces when compared with its consumption in the form of an aqueous solution (AS). Seventeen healthy young men ingested 2 g creatine either in the form of AS, or incorporated in a protein (PP)- or in a beta-glucan (BG)-rich food bar. Kinetics of plasma creatine was measured for 8-h duration and urinary excretion for 24 h. Then, the subjects received the same treatment thrice a day for 1 week at the end of which creatine contents were determined in erythrocytes and in feces (n = 4 for feces). The three crossover treatments were interspaced by a 40 +/- 1.2-day wash-out. Absorption of creatine was slowed down by 8-fold in the presence of BG (P < 0.001) and by 4-fold with PP (P < 0.001) whereas the velocity rate constant of elimination and the area under the curve were not modified. Urinary loss of creatine in the first 24 h following ingestion was 15 +/- 1.9% in AS and 14 +/- 2.2% in PP conditions (NS), whereas it was only 8 +/- 1.2% with BG (P = 0.004). Increase in creatine concentration in erythrocyte was similar in whatever form the creatine was ingested. Creatine seems to be totally absorbed since no creatine or creatinine was detectable in feces. No side effects were reported. In conclusion, ingestion of creatine combined with BG facilitates its retention by slowing down its absorption rate and reducing its urinary excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Deldicque
- Institut d'Education physique et de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Pierre de Coubertin 1, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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12
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Derave W, Vanden Eede E, Hespel P, Carmella SG, Hecht SS. Oral creatine supplementation in humans does not elevate urinary excretion of the carcinogen N-nitrososarcosine. Nutrition 2006; 22:332-3. [PMID: 16413752 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2005.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Revised: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Creatine is a popular oral supplement in athletes and may have therapeutical potential in neuromuscular diseases. It has been hypothesized that creatine ingestion can lead to increased formation of the carcinogen N-nitrososarcosine. METHODS We investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study the urinary excretion of N-nitrososarcosine after 1-wk high-dose (20 g/d) and 20-wk low-dose (5 g/d) creatine supplementation in healthy humans. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Creatine ingestion does not systematically increase urinary N-nitrososarcosine excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Derave
- Research Unit of Exercise and Health, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.
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14
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15
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Oh MC, Oh CK, Kim SH. N-Nitrosamine Concentrations in Fish Distributed in a Domestic Market. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.3746/jfn.2003.8.4.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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16
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Park JY, Yoon SJ, Lee H. Effect of steric hindrance on carbon dioxide absorption into new amine solutions: thermodynamic and spectroscopic verification through solubility and NMR analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2003; 37:1670-1675. [PMID: 12731852 DOI: 10.1021/es0260519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Acid gas absorption technology is of great importance in these days for the prevention of global warming and the resulting worldwide climate change. More efficient process design and development for the removal of acid gases has become important, together with the development of new absorbents as one of urgent areas of research in addressing global-warming problems. In the present work, aqueous solutions of 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (AHPD), a sterically hindered amine, has been examined as a potential CO2 absorbent and compared with the most commonly used absorbent, monoethanolamine (MEA) solution, through equilibrium solubility measurements and 13C NMR spectroscopic analyses. The solubilities of CO2 in aqueous 10 mass % AHPD solutions were higher than those in aqueous 10 mass % MEA solutions above 4 kPa at 298.15 K, but below 4 kPa, the solubility behavior appeared to be the opposite. The solubility difference between these two solutions increased with the CO2 partial pressures above the crossover pressure. Equilibrated CO2-MEA-H2O and CO2-AHPD-H2O solutions at various CO2 partal pressures ranging from 0.01 to 3000 kPa were analyzed by 13C NMR spectroscopy to provide a more microscopic understanding of the reaction mechanisms in the two solutions. In the CO2-amine-H2O solutions, amine reacted with CO2 to form mainly the protonated amine (AMH+), bicarbonate ion (HCO3-), and carbamate anion (AMCO2-), where the quantitative ratio of bicarbonate ion to carbamate anion strongly influenced the CO2 loading in the amine solutions. A profusion of bicarbonate ions, but a very small amount of carbamate anions, was identified in the CO2-AHPD-H2O solution, whereas a considerable amount of carbamate anions was formed in the CO2-MEA-H2O solution. AHPD contains more hydroxyl groups than nonhindered MEA, and hence, the chemical shifts in its 13C NMR spectra were strongly influenced by the solution pH values. In contrast, MEA appeared to be insensitive to pH. The strong interrelations among CO2 solubility, CO2 partial pressure, bulkiness of the amine structure, and pH identified through the present experimental investigations can provide basic guidelines for finding new potential organic absorbents, including specifically designed amine chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yeon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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17
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Reaction of drugs with sodium nitroprusside as a source of nitrosamines. Arch Pharm Res 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02892015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Park JW. Formation of nitrosamines from sodium nitroprusside and physiological amines. Arch Pharm Res 1989. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02911052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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19
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Hotchkiss JH. A review of current literature on N-nitroso compounds in foods. ADVANCES IN FOOD RESEARCH 1988; 31:53-115. [PMID: 3328486 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2628(08)60166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J H Hotchkiss
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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21
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Iwaoka W, Tannenbaum SR. Liquid chromatography of N-nitrosoamino acids and their syn and anti conformers. J Chromatogr A 1976; 124:105-10. [PMID: 9418 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)87847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Velísek J, Davídek J, Klein S, Karásková M, Vykouková I. The nitrosation products of creatine and creatinine in model systems. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR LEBENSMITTEL-UNTERSUCHUNG UND -FORSCHUNG 1975; 159:97-102. [PMID: 7059 DOI: 10.1007/bf01135784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The formation of N-nitrososarcosine from creatine, creatinine-5-oxime and l-methylhydantoin-5-oxime from creatinine was investigated in model solutions under various conditions (temperature, pH, concentration of sodium nitrite). N-nitrososarcosine was formed from creatine only in strongly acidic medium and its concentration increased with temperature and concentration of sodium nitrite. No N-nitrososarcosine was detected at 0 degrees C and in the presence of an equimolar amount of sodium nitrite. Creatinine-5-oxime and l-methylhydantoin-5-oxime was formed from creatinine in a broad region of pH, the highest concentration of these compounds was found in pH 3.6. The main reaction product was l-methylhydantoin-5-oxime. At a given pH, the concentrations of these two oximes increased generally with increased temperature and/or concentration of sodium nitrite. No oxime were detected at O degrees C and in the presence of equimolar amounts of sodium nitrite. Likewise was studied the influence of temperature on the decomposition of the above mentioned compounds. The activation energies of the studied reactions in acidic medium were 4.12 (n-nitrososarcosine), 19.3 (creatinine-5-oxime), and 20.2 kcal/mol (l-methylhydantoin-5-oxime), respectively.
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23
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Wogan GN, Tannenbaum SR. Environmental N-nitroso compounds: implications for public health. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1975; 31:375-83. [PMID: 1096368 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(75)90259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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25
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Mirvish SS. Formation of N-nitroso compounds: chemistry, kinetics, and in vivo occurrence. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1975; 31:325-51. [PMID: 238307 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(75)90255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 448] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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26
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27
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Velíšek J, Davídek J, Klein S. Polarographic determination of the nitrosation products of creatine and creatinine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01089746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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29
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Reio L. Paper chromatographic separation and identification of phenol derivatives and related compounds of biochemical interest using a reference system. J Chromatogr A 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)91778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Walters CL. Nitrosation in the Environment: Can It Occur? Science 1973. [DOI: 10.1126/science.179.4068.96-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. L. Walters
- British Food Manufacturing Industries Research Association, Randalls Road, Leatherhead, Surrey, United Kingdom
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- C. L. Walters
- British Food Manufacturing Industries Research Association, Randalls Road, Leatherhead, Surrey, United Kingdom
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32
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Reio L. Fourth supplement for the paper chromatographic separation and identification of phenol derivatives and related compounds of biochemical interest, using a "reference system". J Chromatogr A 1972; 68:183-205. [PMID: 5035227 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)88776-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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