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Atmospheric trace elements at Enewetak Atoll: 1. Concentrations, sources, and temporal variability. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jc088ic09p05321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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2
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Considerations of the enrichment, sources, and flux of arsenic in the troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jc084ic04p01719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The fine particles serving as cloud condensation nuclei in pristine Amazonian rainforest air consist mostly of secondary organic aerosol. Their origin is enigmatic, however, because new particle formation in the atmosphere is not observed. Here, we show that the growth of organic aerosol particles can be initiated by potassium-salt-rich particles emitted by biota in the rainforest. These particles act as seeds for the condensation of low- or semi-volatile organic compounds from the atmospheric gas phase or multiphase oxidation of isoprene and terpenes. Our findings suggest that the primary emission of biogenic salt particles directly influences the number concentration of cloud condensation nuclei and affects the microphysics of cloud formation and precipitation over the rainforest.
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In-canopy gradients, composition, sources, and optical properties of aerosol over the Amazon forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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7
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Long-term monitoring of atmospheric aerosols in the Amazon Basin: Source identification and apportionment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Potential origin of organic cloud condensation nuclei observed at marine site. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fine mode aerosol composition at three long-term atmospheric monitoring sites in the Amazon Basin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ecotoxicological contamination processes: Interaction with vegetation (a review). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02914010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Heavy metals in the near-surface aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean from 60° south to 54° north. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id12p20623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Apparent deposition velocity and compensation point of ammonia inferred from gradient measurements above and through alfalfa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(90)90145-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Trace elements in the Venezuelan savannah atmosphere during dry and wet periods, with and without vegetation burning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(90)90121-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Methodological investigations into low technology monitoring of atmospheric metal pollution: Part 3—The degree of replicability of the metal concentrations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/0143-148x(86)90050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Aerosol characteristics in a mature coniferous forest—Methodology, composition, sources and spatial concentration variations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(85)90102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Enhanced ion production in convective storms by transpired radon isotopes and their decay products. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1029/jd090id04p05909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Southern scandinavian aerosol composition and elemental size distribution characteristics dependence on air-mass history. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(84)90204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Canopy processing of acidic precipitation by coniferous and hardwood forests in New England. Oecologia 1983; 59:216-223. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00378839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/1983] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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A prospective atmospheric emission inventory for cadmium--the European community as a study area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 1983; 29:29-47. [PMID: 6612326 DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(83)90032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The quantities of cadmium emitted to the atmosphere from natural and human sources have been estimated for the member states of the European Community, allowing the construction of an atmospheric emission inventory for cadmium at the regional level. A survey of the available emission data was used to calculate an emission factor (g cadmium emitted tonne -1 material consumed or produced) for each source. This value was applied to the most recent consumption or production data for the region to obtain an annual discharge estimate. Predictions of future trends in cadmium emissions from human sources over the next two decades were based on economic forecasts for the process in question. The iron and steel industries and refuse incineration are the two largest sources of airborne cadmium in the region, followed by volcanic action and zinc production. It is forecast that there will be an increase in cadmium emissions over the next two decades due mainly to the iron and steel industries and zinc production. A comparison of the emission estimates obtained in this study with those given in previously published inventories reveal disparities in the source strengths for some processes. In particular, it would appear that cadmium emissions from coal combustion and non-ferrous metal production have been overestimated in some past studies.
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Relationship between trace element concentrations in human blood and atmospheric aerosol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 1983; 27:21-32. [PMID: 6867705 DOI: 10.1016/0048-9697(83)90119-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Trace element concentrations in human blood from the U.K., measured by Hamilton et al., are found to be correlated to those of atmospheric aerosol from the U.K., or to an aerosol composition averaged over the globe. The correlation to aerosol is much stronger than to crustal rock or sea water. Elemental enrichment factors for blood are all equal to or greater than those for aerosol. Two possible reasons for the correlation are advanced: aerosol is probably a major source of the trace elements which enter the food chain, and aerosol samples the earth's surface where the food chain originates. The present finding suggests that aerosol plays a major role in the global cycling of the trace elements which enter the blood, with important implications for human health.
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Abstract
Penicillium digitatum mycelium can accumulate uranium from aqueous solutions of uranyl chloride. Azide present during the uptake tests does not inhibit the process. Killing the fungal biomass in boiling water or by treatment with alcohols, dimethyl sulfoxide, or potassium hydroxide increases the uptake capability to about 10,000 parts per million (dry weight). Formaldehyde killing does not enhance the uranium uptake. The inference that wall-binding sites were involved led to the testing of uranium uptake by chitin, cellulose, and cellulose derivatives in microcolumns. All were active, especially chitin.
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Behavior of the Long-Lived Synthetic Elements and Their Natural Analogs in Food Chains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-035410-8.50008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Pine needles as sensors of atmospheric pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 1982; 2:273-286. [PMID: 24264297 DOI: 10.1007/bf00394457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/1981] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Neutron Activation Analysis of pine needles from trees growing in areas of relatively high and low airborne pollution has been performed. Needles of three different species, and from several sequential year's crops, have been studied. The purpose of the study was to determine the type of distribution governing the elemental concentrations, the inter-and intrasite differences, and the degree of dependence on soil vs airborne elemental sources. A log normal distribution was found for those elements considered to be well determined. The results indicate that pine needles can be used as an air pollution monitor provided that sufficient sampling is done to compensate for natural variation in elemental concentrations.
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Physical, chemical and optical characteristics of a clean air mass over Northern Michigan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(82)90132-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Existing and natural background levels of visibility and fine particles in the rural east. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(82)90133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Lead contamination in canned tuna, exceeding natural concentrations 10,000-fold, went undiscovered for decades because of analytical error. The magnitude of this pollution effect helps explain the difference between the lead concentration in the diets of present-day Americans (0.2 part per million) and inthe diets of prehistoric peoples (estimated to be less than 0.002 part per million). It also explains how skeletal concentrations of lead in typical Americans became elevated 500-fold above the natural concentrations measured in bones of Peruvians who lived in an unpolluted environment 1800 years ago. It has been tacitly assumed that natural biochemical effects of lead in human cells have been studied, but this is not so because reagents, nutrients, and controls used in laboratory and field studies have been unknowingly contaminated with lead far in excess of naturally occurring levels. An unrecognized form of poisoning caused by this escessive exposure to lead may affect most Americans because magnitudes of biochemical dysfunctions are proportional to degrees of exposure.
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Global inventory of natural and anthropogenic emissions of trace metals to the atmosphere. Nature 1979; 279:409-11. [PMID: 16068169 DOI: 10.1038/279409a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 558] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/1979] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
FEW (if any) recent studies on the atmospheric cycle of trace metals have considered the flux of the metals into the atmosphere on a global scale. Information on worldwide emissions is needed to assess the transboundary movement of pollutant metals and to validate models of the global atmospheric circulation patterns. The worldwide inventories of the natural and anthropogenic sources and emissions of airborne cadmium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc are presented here. The data summarised here are taken from very detailed studies published elsehwere(1-5).
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Sulfur, potassium, and phosphorus associations in aerosols from South American tropical rain forests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1029/jc084ic07p03723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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The enrichment of volatile elements in the atmosphere by volcanic activity: Augustine volcano 1976. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1978. [DOI: 10.1029/jc083ic12p06213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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