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Armenta Butt S, Price SD. Bimolecular reactions of CH 2CN 2+ with Ar, N 2 and CO: reactivity and dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:15824-15839. [PMID: 35758308 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01523d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity, energetics and dynamics of bimolecular reactions between CH2CN2+ and three neutral species (Ar, N2 and CO) have been studied using a position sensitive coincidence methodology at centre-of-mass collision energies of 4.3-5.0 eV. This is the first study of bimolecular reactions involving CH2CN2+, a species relevant to the ionospheres of planets and satellites, including Titan. All of the collision systems investigated display two collision-induced dissociation (CID) channels, resulting in the formation of C+ + CH2N+ and H+ + HC2N+. Evidence for channels involving further dissociation of the CID product HC2N+, forming H + CCN+, were detected in the N2 and CO systems. Proton-transfer from the dication to the neutral species occurs in all three of the systems via a direct mechanism. Additionally, there are product channels resulting from single electron transfer following collisions of CH2CN2+ with both N2 and CO, but interestingly no electron transfer following collisions with Ar. Electronic structure calculations of the lowest energy electronic states of CH2CN2+ reveal six local geometric minima: both doublet and quartet spin states for cyclic, linear (CH2CN), and linear isocyanide (CH2NC) molecular geometries. The lowest energy electronic state was determined to be the doublet state of the cyclic dication. The ready generation of C+ ions by collision-induced dissociation suggests that the cyclic or linear isocyanide dication geometries are present in the [CH2CN]2+ beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Armenta Butt
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Stephen D Price
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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Armenta Butt S, Price SD. Bimolecular reactions of S 2+ with Ar, H 2 and N 2: reactivity and dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:8113-8128. [PMID: 35322816 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05397c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity, energetics and dynamics of bimolecular reactions between S2+ and three neutral species (Ar, H2 and N2) have been studied using a position-sensitive coincidence methodology at centre-of-mass collision energies below 6 eV. This is the first study of bimolecular reactions involving S2+, a species detected in planetary ionospheres, the interstellar medium, and in anthropogenic manufacturing processes. The reactant dication beam employed consists predominantly of S2+ in the ground 3P state, but some excited states are also present. Most of the observed reactions involve the ground state of S2+, but the dissociative electron transfer reactions appear to exclusively involve excited states of this atomic dication. We observe exclusively single electron-transfer between S2+ and Ar, a process which exhibits strong forward scatting typical of the Landau-Zener style dynamics observed for other dicationic electron transfer reactions. Following collisions between S2+ + H2, non-dissociative and dissociative single electron-transfer reactions were detected. The dynamics here show evidence for the formation of a long-lived collision complex, [SH2]2+, in the dissociative single electron-transfer channel. The formation of SH+ was not observed. In contrast, the collisions of S2+ + N2 result in the formation of SN+ + N+ in addition to the products of single electron-transfer reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Armenta Butt
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Stephen D Price
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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Armenta Butt S, Price SD. Bond-forming and electron-transfer reactivity between Ar 2+ and N 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:11287-11299. [PMID: 33954331 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp00918d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Collisions between Ar2+ and N2 have been studied using a coincidence technique at a centre-of-mass (CM) collision energy of 5.1 eV. Four reaction channels generating pairs of monocations are observed: Ar+ + N2+, Ar+ + N+, ArN+ + N+ and N+ + N+. The formation of Ar+ + N2+ is the most intense channel, displaying forward scattering but with a marked tail to higher scattering angles. This scattering, and other dynamics data, is indicative of direct electron transfer competing with a 'sticky' collision between the Ar2+ and N2 reactants. Here Ar+ is generated in its ground (2P) state and N2+ is primarily in the low vibrational levels of the C2Σu+ state. A minor channel involving the initial population of higher energy N2+ states, lying above the dissociation asymptote to N+ + N, which fluoresce to stable states of N2+ is also identified. The formation of Ar+ + N+ by dissociative single electron transfer again reveals the involvement of two different pathways for the initial electron transfer (direct or complexation). This reaction pathway predominantly involves excited states of Ar2+ (1D and 1S) populating N2+* in its dissociative C2Σu+, 22Πg and D2Πg states. Formation of ArN+ + N+ proceeds via a direct mechanism. The ArN+ is formed, with significant vibrational excitation, in its ground (X3Σ-) state. Formation of N+ + N+ is also observed as a consequence of double electron transfer forming N22+. The exoergicity of the subsequent N22+ dissociation reveals the population of the A1Πu and D3Πg dication states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Armenta Butt
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Stephen D Price
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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Vogt MF, Connerney JEP, DiBraccio GA, Wilson RJ, Thomsen MF, Ebert RW, Clark GB, Paranicas C, Kurth WS, Allegrini F, Valek PW, Bolton SJ. Magnetotail Reconnection at Jupiter: A Survey of Juno Magnetic Field Observations. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. SPACE PHYSICS 2020; 125:e2019JA027486. [PMID: 32874821 DOI: 10.1029/2018ja026169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
At Jupiter, tail reconnection is thought to be driven by an internal mass loading and release process called the Vasyliunas cycle. Galileo data have shown hundreds of reconnection events occurring in Jupiter's magnetotail. Here we present a survey of reconnection events observed by Juno during its first 16 orbits of Jupiter (July 2016-October 2018). The events are identified using Juno magnetic field data, which facilitates comparison to the Vogt et al. (2010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JA015098) survey of reconnection events from Galileo magnetometer data, but we present data from Juno's other particle and fields instruments for context. We searched for field dipolarizations or reversals and found 232 reconnection events in the Juno data, most of which featured an increase in |B θ |, the magnetic field meridional component, by a factor of 3 over background values. We found that most properties of the Juno reconnection events, like their spatial distribution and duration, are comparable to Galileo, including the presence of a ~3-day quasi-periodicity in the recurrence of Juno tail reconnection events and in Juno JEDI, JADE, and Waves data. However, unlike with Galileo we were unable to clearly define a statistical x-line separating planetward and tailward Juno events. A preliminary analysis of plasma velocities during five magnetic field reconnection events showed that the events were accompanied by fast radial flows, confirming our interpretation of these magnetic signatures as reconnection events. We anticipate that a future survey covering other Juno datasets will provide additional insight into the nature of tail reconnection at Jupiter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa F Vogt
- Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Rob J Wilson
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Robert W Ebert
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - George B Clark
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Paranicas
- The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD, USA
| | - William S Kurth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Frédéric Allegrini
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Phil W Valek
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Armenta Butt S, Price SD. Bond-forming and electron-transfer reactivity between Ar2+ and O2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8391-8400. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01194k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity, energetics and dynamics of the bimolecular reactions between Ar2+ and O2 have been studied using a position sensitive coincidence methodology at a collision energy of 4.4 eV.
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Birmingham TJ, Alexander JK, Desch MD, Hubbard RF, Pedersen BM. Observations of electron gyroharmonic waves and the structure of the Io torus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Carbary JF, Krimigis SM, Keath EP, Gloeckler G, Axford WI, Armstrong TP. Ion anisotropies in the outer Jovian magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bagenal F, Sullivan JD. Direct plasma measurements in the Io torus and inner magnetosphere of Jupiter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Armstrong TP, Paonessa MT, Brandon ST, Krimigis SM, Lanzerotti LJ. Low-energy charged particle observations in the 5-20RJregion of the Jovian magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Broadfoot AL, Sandel BR, Shemansky DE, McConnell JC, Smith GR, Holberg JB, Atreya SK, Donahue TM, Strobel DF, Bertaux JL. Overview of the Voyager ultraviolet spectrometry results through Jupiter encounter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Thomsen MF, Goertz CK. Further observational support for the limited-latitude magnetodisc model of the outer Jovian magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia09p07519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Scudder JD, Sittler EC, Bridge HS. A survey of the plasma electron environment of Jupiter: A view from Voyager. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lepping RP, Burlaga LF, Klein LW, Jessen JM, Goodrich CC. Observations of the magnetic field and plasma flow in Jupiter's magnetosheath. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Connerney JEP, Acuña MH, Ness NF. Modeling the Jovian current sheet and inner magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Acuña MH, Neubauer FM, Ness NF. Standing Alfvén wave current system at Io: Voyager 1 observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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McNutt RL, Belcher JW, Bridge HS. Positive ion observations in the middle magnetosphere of Jupiter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Vasyliunas VM, Dessler AJ. The magnetic-anomaly model of the Jovian magnetosphere: A post-Voyager assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kurth WS, Gurnett DA, Scarf FL, Poynter RL, Sullivan JD. Voyager observations of Jupiter's distant magnetotail. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Gurnett DA, Scarf FL, Kurth WS, Shaw RR, Poynter RL. Determination of Jupiter's electron density profile from plasma wave observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Barbosa DD, Scarf FL, Kurth WS, Gurnett DA. Broadband electrostatic noise and field-aligned currents in Jupiter's middle magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Krimigis SM, Carbary JF, Keath EP, Bostrom CO, Axford WI, Gloeckler G, Lanzerotti LJ, Armstrong TP. Characteristics of hot plasma in the Jovian magnetosphere: Results from the Voyager spacecraft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Belcher JW, Goertz CK, Sullivan JD, Acuña MH. Plasma observations of the Alfvén wave generated by Io. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Goertz CK. The orientation and motion of the predawn current sheet and Jupiter's magnetotail. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Mekler Y, Eviatar A. Time analysis of volcanic activity on Io by means of plasma observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja085ia03p01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Scarf FL, Gurnett DA, Kurth WS. Measurements of plasma wave spectra in Jupiter's magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/ja086ia10p08181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fukazawa K, Ogino T, Walker RJ. Configuration and dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006ja011874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Sittler EC, Blanc MF, Richardson JD. Proposed model for Saturn's auroral response to the solar wind: Centrifugal instability model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005ja011191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kurth WS, Gurnett DA, Hospodarsky GB, Farrell WM, Roux A, Dougherty MK, Joy SP, Kivelson MG, Walker RJ, Crary FJ, Alexander CJ. The dusk flank of Jupiter's magnetosphere. Nature 2002; 415:991-4. [PMID: 11875558 DOI: 10.1038/415991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Limited single-spacecraft observations of Jupiter's magnetopause have been used to infer that the boundary moves inward or outward in response to variations in the dynamic pressure of the solar wind. At Earth, multiple-spacecraft observations have been implemented to understand the physics of how this motion occurs, because they can provide a snapshot of a transient event in progress. Here we present a set of nearly simultaneous two-point measurements of the jovian magnetopause at a time when the jovian magnetopause was in a state of transition from a relatively larger to a relatively smaller size in response to an increase in solar-wind pressure. The response of Jupiter's magnetopause is very similar to that of the Earth, confirming that the understanding built on studies of the Earth's magnetosphere is valid. The data also reveal evidence for a well-developed boundary layer just inside the magnetopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Kurth
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA.
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Wang Y, Russell CT, Raeder J. The Io mass‐loading disk: Model calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001ja900062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Frank LA, Paterson WR. Survey of thermal ions in the Io plasma torus with the Galileo spacecraft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000ja000159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Saur J, Neubauer FM, Strobel DF, Summers ME. Three-dimensional plasma simulation of Io's interaction with the Io plasma torus: Asymmetric plasma flow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999ja900304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Ogino T, Walker RJ, Kivelson MG. A global magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the Jovian magnetosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja02247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Huddleston DE, Russell CT, Le G, Szabo A. Magnetopause structure and the role of reconnection at the outer planets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Gurnett DA, Kurth WS, Roux A, Bolton SJ, Kennel CF. Galileo Plasma Wave Observations in the Io Plasma Torus and Near Io. Science 1996. [DOI: 10.1126/science.274.5286.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Gurnett
- D. A. Gurnett and W. S. Kurth, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - W. S. Kurth
- D. A. Gurnett and W. S. Kurth, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - A. Roux
- A. Roux, Centre d'Etudes des Environnements Terrestre et Planetaires, Universite Versailles Saint Quentin, 10/12 Avenue de l'Europe, 78140 Velizy, France
| | - S. J. Bolton
- S. J. Bolton, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - C. F. Kennel
- C. F. Kennel, Office of the Chancellor, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Balogh A, Dougherty MK, Forsyth RJ, Southwood DJ, Smith EJ, Tsurutani BT, Murphy N, Burton ME. Magnetic Field Observations During the Ulysses Flyby of Jupiter. Science 1992; 257:1515-8. [PMID: 17776160 DOI: 10.1126/science.257.5076.1515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Jovian flyby of the Ulysses spacecraft presented the opportunity to confirm and complement the findings of the four previous missions that investigated the structure and dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere and magnetic field, as well as to explore for the first time the high-latitude dusk side of the magnetosphere and its boundary regions. In addition to confirming the general structure of the dayside magnetosphere, the Ulysses magnetic field measurements also showed that the importance of the current sheet dynamics extends well into the middle and outer magnetosphere. On the dusk side, the magnetic field is swept back significantly toward the magnetotail. The importance of current systems, both azimuthal and field-aligned, in determining the configuration of the field has been strongly highlighted by the Ulysses data. No significant changes have been found in the internal planetary field; however, the need to modify the external current densities with respect to previous observations on the inbound pass shows that Jovian magnetic and magnetospheric models are highly sensitive to both the intensity and the structure assumed for the current sheet and to any time dependence that may be assigned to these. The observations show that all boundaries and boundary layers in the magnetosphere have a very complex microstructure. Waves and wave-like structures were observed throughout the magnetosphere; these included the longest lasting mirror-mode wave trains observed in space.
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Geiss J, Gloeckler G, Balsiger H, Fisk LA, Galvin AB, Gliem F, Hamilton DC, Ipavich FM, Livi S, Mall U, Ogilvie KW, von Steiger R, Wilken B. Plasma Composition in Jupiter's Magnetosphere: Initial Results from the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer. Science 1992; 257:1535-9. [PMID: 17776164 DOI: 10.1126/science.257.5076.1535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The ion composition in the Jovian environment was investigated with the Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer on board Ulysses. A hot tenuous plasma was observed throughout the outer and middle magnetosphere. In some regions two thermally different components were identified. Oxygen and sulfur ions with several different charge states, from the volcanic satellite lo, make the largest contribution to the mass density of the hot plasma, even at high latitude. Solar wind particles were observed in all regions investigated. Ions from Jupiter's ionosphere were abundant in the middle magnetosphere, particularly in the highlatitude region on the dusk side, which was traversed for the first time.
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Bame SJ, Barraclough BL, Feldman WC, Gisler GR, Gosling JT, McComas DJ, Phillips JL, Thomsen MF, Goldstein BE, Neugebauer M. Jupiter's Magnetosphere: Plasma Description from the Ulysses Flyby. Science 1992; 257:1539-43. [PMID: 17776165 DOI: 10.1126/science.257.5076.1539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Plasma observations at Jupiter show that the outer regions of the Jovian magnetosphere are remarkably similar to those of Earth. Bow-shock precursor electrons and ions were detected in the upstream solar wind, as at Earth. Plasma changes across the bow shock and properties of the magnetosheath electrons were much like those at Earth, indicating that similar processes are operating. A boundary layer populated by a varying mixture of solar wind and magnetospheric plasmas was found inside the magnetopause, again as at Earth. In the middle magnetosphere, large electron density excursions were detected with a 10-hour periodicity as planetary rotation carried the tilted plasma sheet past Ulysses. Deep in the magnetosphere, Ulysses crossed a region, tentatively described as magnetically connected to the Jovian polar cap on one end and to the interplanetary magnetic field on the other. In the inner magnetosphere and lo torus, where corotation plays a dominant role, measurements could not be made because of extreme background rates from penetrating radiation belt particles.
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Waite JH, Clarke JT, Cravens TE, Hammond CM. The Jovian aurora: Electron or ion precipitation? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1029/ja093ia07p07244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
Much has been learned about the electromagnetic interaction between Jupiter and its satellite Io from in situ observations. Io, in its motion through the Io plasma torus at Jupiter, continuously generates an Alfvén wing that carries two billion kilowatts of power into the jovian ionosphere. Concurrently, Io is acted upon by a J x B force tending to propel it out of the jovian system. The energy source for these processes is the rotation of Jupiter. This unusual planet-satellite coupling serves as an archetype for the interaction of a large moving conductor with a magnetized plasma, a problem of general space and astrophysical interest.
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