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Wentz FJ, Ricciardulli L, Rodriguez E, Stiles BW, Bourassa MA, Long DG, Hoffman RN, Stoffelen A, Verhoef A, O'Neill LW, Farrar JT, Vandemark D, Fore AG, Hristova-Veleva SM, Turk FJ, Gaston R, Tyler D. Evaluating and Extending the Ocean Wind Climate Data Record. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING 2017; 10:2165-2185. [PMID: 28824741 PMCID: PMC5562405 DOI: 10.1109/jstars.2016.2643641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Satellite microwave sensors, both active scatterometers and passive radiometers, have been systematically measuring near-surface ocean winds for nearly 40 years, establishing an important legacy in studying and monitoring weather and climate variability. As an aid to such activities, the various wind datasets are being intercalibrated and merged into consistent climate data records (CDRs). The ocean wind CDRs (OW-CDRs) are evaluated by comparisons with ocean buoys and intercomparisons among the different satellite sensors and among the different data providers. Extending the OW-CDR into the future requires exploiting all available datasets, such as OSCAT-2 scheduled to launch in July 2016. Three planned methods of calibrating the OSCAT-2 σo measurements include 1) direct Ku-band σo intercalibration to QuikSCAT and RapidScat; 2) multisensor wind speed intercalibration; and 3) calibration to stable rainforest targets. Unfortunately, RapidScat failed in August 2016 and cannot be used to directly calibrate OSCAT-2. A particular future continuity concern is the absence of scheduled new or continuation radiometer missions capable of measuring wind speed. Specialized model assimilations provide 30-year long high temporal/spatial resolution wind vector grids that composite the satellite wind information from OW-CDRs of multiple satellites viewing the Earth at different local times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ross N Hoffman
- Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Key Biscayne, FL 33149 USA
| | - Ad Stoffelen
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, Netherlands
| | - Anton Verhoef
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, De Bilt, Netherlands
| | | | - J Tomas Farrar
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
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Gentemann CL. In situ validation of Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission microwave sea surface temperatures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jc002092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wentz FJ, Gentemann C, Smith D, Chelton D. Satellite measurements of sea surface temperature through clouds. Science 2000; 288:847-50. [PMID: 10797004 DOI: 10.1126/science.288.5467.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Measurements of sea surface temperature (SST) can be made by satellite microwave radiometry in all weather conditions except rain. Microwaves penetrate clouds with little attenuation, giving an uninterrupted view of the ocean surface. This is a distinct advantage over infrared measurements of SST, which are obstructed by clouds. Comparisons with ocean buoys show a root mean square difference of about 0.6 degrees C, which is partly due to the satellite-buoy spatial-temporal sampling mismatch and the difference between the ocean skin temperature and bulk temperature. Microwave SST retrievals provide insights in a number of areas, including tropical instability waves, marine boundary layer dynamics, and the prediction of hurricane intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- FJ Wentz
- Remote Sensing Systems, 438 First Street, Suite 200, Santa Rosa, CA 95401, USA. College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Alishouse JC. Total precipitable water and rainfall determinations from the SEASAT scanning multichannel microwave radiometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/jc088ic03p01929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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