1
|
Zhou W, Gao J, Liao J, Shi R, Li T, Guo Y, Long A. Characteristics of Phytoplankton Biomass, Primary Production and Community Structure in the Modaomen Channel, Pearl River Estuary, with Special Reference to the Influence of Saltwater Intrusion during Neap and Spring Tides. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167630. [PMID: 27907178 PMCID: PMC5132311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, increasing frequency and intensity of saltwater intrusion in the Modaomen Channel has threatened the freshwater supply in the surrounding cities of the Pearl River Estuary, and ulteriorly changed the environmental conditions of the estuarine waters. Phytoplankton biomass, primary production (PP) and species composition, as well as hydrological and chemical parameters were examined along a downstream transect in the Modaomen Channel during neap tide (NT) and spring tide (ST), when a strong saltwater intrusion event occurred in late September, 2011. A total of 46 species phytoplankton were identified, including Bacillariophyta (25 species), Dinoflagellate (14 species), Chlorophyta (4 species), Cyanophyta (2 species) and Euglenozoa (1 species). The dominant species were shifted from freshwater diatoms (e.g., Melosira granulata and Melosira granulata var. angustissima) in the upper reaches to saline water diatoms (e.g., Skeletonema costatum and Coscinodiscus sp.) in the river mouth. Generally, phytoplankton density, biomass (chl-a) and PP decreased from the upper to lower reaches along the channel, and were significantly higher in NT than those of ST. There was a shift from large-sized phytoplankton (>20 μm) in the upper reaches to relative small-sized cells (5–20 μm) in the lower reaches. Compared to NT, low discharge and flow velocity, coupled with strong easterly winds during ST specially aggravated saltwater intrusion further to the upstream (~50 km from the estuary). The intruded saltwater diluted nutrients, N/P ratios, chl-a, and phytoplankton abundances, and thereby led to a decline in PP during ST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- * E-mail: (WZ); (AL)
| | - Jie Gao
- South China Business College, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianzu Liao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ronggui Shi
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
| | - Yajuan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aimin Long
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (WZ); (AL)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Miyahira A, Morita K, Yamaguchi H, Morita Y, Maeda H. Gender differences and reproducibility in exploratory eye movements of normal subjects. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2000; 54:31-6. [PMID: 15558876 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1819.2000.00632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Exploratory eye movements were recorded using an eye-mark recorder in 48 normal subjects (24 male and 24 female). Gender differences were examined regarding four eye movement parameters such as the mean gazing time, the total number of gazing points, and the mean eye scanning length and the total eye scanning length. The mean gazing time of women was significantly longer than that of men, and the total number of gazing points of women was significantly less than that of men. The mean eye-scanning length of men and women did not differ. The total eye scanning length of men was significantly longer than that of women. Reproducibility between sessions of the four eye movement parameters above was expressed as Pearson correlation coefficients (r) in 24 healthy adults before and after a month interval, yielding respective coefficients of 0.65, 0.42, 0.56 and 0.61. These results suggested that differences in exploratory eye movements between men and women may reflect differences in the characteristics of visual information processing and also confirmed the reproducibility of exploratory eye movement parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Miyahira
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kurume University, School of Medicine, Asahi-machi, Kurume, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boicourt WC, Kuzmić M, Hopkins TS. The inland sea: Circulation of Chesapeake Bay and the Northern Adriatic. ECOSYSTEMS AT THE LAND‐SEA MARGIN: DRAINAGE BASIN TO COASTAL SEA 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/ce055p0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|