1
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Wan Z, Zhu C, Francisco JS. Molecular Insights into the Spontaneous Generation of Cl 2O in the Reaction of ClONO 2 and HOCl at the Air-Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17478-17484. [PMID: 37522957 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Chemical processes involving chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) at the surface of stratospheric aerosols are crucial to ozone depletion. Herein, we show a reaction route for the formation of Cl2O, which is a source of stratospheric chlorine, in the ClONO2 + HOCl reaction at the air-water interface. Our ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations show that the (ClONO2)Cl···O(HOCl) halogen bond plays a key role in the reaction and is the main interaction between ClONO2 and HOCl both at the air-water interface and in the bulk liquid water. Furthermore, metadynamics-based AIMD simulations reveal two pathways: (i) The OCl fragment of HOCl binds to the Cl atom in ClONO2, resulting in the formation of Cl2O and NO3-. Simultaneously, the remaining hydrogen atom is transferred to a water molecule to form H3O+. (ii) HOCl acts as a bridge for Cl atom transfer from ClONO2 to the O atom of a water molecule, and this water molecule transfers one of its H atoms to another water molecule, forming two HOCl molecules, NO3-, and H3O+. Free-energy calculations show that the former is the energetically more favorable process. More importantly, the free-energy barrier for Cl2O formation at the air-water interface is only ∼0.8 kcal/mol, and the reaction is exothermic. These findings provide insights into the importance of fundamental chlorine chemistry and the broader implications of the aerosol air-water interface for atmospheric chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Wan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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2
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Lu QB. Formulation of the cosmic ray-driven electron-induced reaction mechanism for quantitative understanding of global ozone depletion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2303048120. [PMID: 37364123 PMCID: PMC10319005 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2303048120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper formulates the cosmic ray-driven electron-induced reaction as a universal mechanism to provide a quantitative understanding of global ozone depletion. Based on a proposed electrostatic bonding mechanism for charge-induced adsorption of molecules on surfaces and on the measured dissociative electron transfer (DET) cross sections of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs) adsorbed on ice, an analytical equation is derived to give atmospheric chlorine atom concentration: [Formula: see text] where Φe is the prehydrated electron (epre-) flux produced by cosmic ray ionization on atmospheric particle surfaces, [Formula: see text] is the surface coverage of an ODS, and ki is the ODS's effective DET coefficient that is the product of the DET cross section, the lifetimes of surface-trapped epre- and Cl-, and the particle surface area density. With concentrations of ODSs as the sole variable, our calculated results of time-series ozone depletion rates in global regions in the 1960s, 1980s, and 2000s show generally good agreement with observations, particularly with ground-based ozonesonde data and satellite-measured data over Antarctica and with satellite data in a narrow altitude band at 13 to 20 km of the tropics. Good agreements with satellite data in the Arctic and midlatitudes are also found. A previously unreported effect of denitrification on ozone loss is found and expressed quantitatively. But this equation overestimates tropospheric ozone loss at northern midlatitudes and the Arctic, likely due to increased ozone production by the halogen chemistry in polluted regions. The results render confidence in applying the equation to achieve a quantitative understanding of global ozone depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ONN2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ONN2L 3G1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ONN2L 3G1, Canada
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3
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Wan Z, Fang Y, Liu Z, Francisco JS, Zhu C. Mechanistic Insights into the Reactive Uptake of Chlorine Nitrate at the Air-Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:944-952. [PMID: 36595549 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that the aqueous-phase processing of chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) plays a crucial role in ozone depletion. However, many of the physical and chemical properties of ClONO2 at the air-water interface or in bulk water are unknown or not understood on a microscopic scale. Here, the solvation and hydrolysis of ClONO2 at the air-water interface and in bulk water at 300 K were investigated by classical and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations combined with free energy methods. Our results revealed that ClONO2 prefers to accumulate at the air-water interface rather than in the bulk phase. Specifically, halogen bonding interactions (ClONO2)Cl···O(H2O) were found to be the predominant interactions between ClONO2 and H2O. Moreover, metadynamics-biased AIMD simulations revealed that ClONO2 hydrolysis is catalyzed at the air-water interface with an activation barrier of only ∼0.2 kcal/mol; additionally, the difference in free energy between the product and reactant is only ∼0.1 kcal/mol. Surprisingly, the near-barrierless reaction and the comparable free energies of the reactant and product suggested that the ClONO2 hydrolysis at the air-water interface is reversible. When the temperature is lowered from 300 to 200 K, the activation barrier for the ClONO2 hydrolysis at the air-water interface is increased to ∼5.4 kcal/mol. These findings have important implications for the interpretation of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Wan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Yeguang Fang
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziao Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States.,Department of Earth & Environmental Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania19104, United States
| | - Chongqin Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical & Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing100190, People's Republic of China
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4
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Berrens ML, Bononi FC, Donadio D. Effect of sodium chloride adsorption on the surface premelting of ice. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:20932-20940. [PMID: 36040383 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp02277j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We characterise the structural properties of the quasi-liquid layer (QLL) at two low-index ice surfaces in the presence of sodium chloride (Na+/Cl-) ions by molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the presence of a high surface density of Na+/Cl- pairs changes the surface melting behaviour from step-wise to gradual melting. The ions lead to an overall increase of the thickness and the disorder of the QLL, and to a low-temperature roughening transition of the air-ice interface. The local molecular structure of the QLL is similar to that of liquid water, and the differences between the basal and primary prismatic surface are attenuated by the presence of Na+/Cl- pairs. These changes modify the crystal growth rates of different facets and the solvation environment at the surface of sea-water ice with a potential impact on light scattering and environmental chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret L Berrens
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Fernanda C Bononi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Davide Donadio
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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5
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Lu QB. Observation of large and all-season ozone losses over the tropics. AIP ADVANCES 2022; 12. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0094629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper reveals a large and all-season ozone hole in the lower stratosphere over the tropics (30°N–30°S) existing since the 1980s, where an O3 hole is defined as an area of O3 loss larger than 25% compared with the undisturbed atmosphere. The depth of this tropical O3 hole is comparable to that of the well-known springtime Antarctic O3 hole, whereas its area is about seven times that of the latter. Similar to the Antarctic O3 hole, approximately 80% of the normal O3 value is depleted at the center of the tropical O3 hole. The results strongly indicate that both Antarctic and tropical O3 holes must arise from an identical physical mechanism, for which the cosmic-ray-driven electron reaction model shows good agreement with observations. The whole-year large tropical O3 hole could cause a great global concern as it can lead to increases in ground-level ultraviolet radiation and affect 50% of the Earth’s surface area, which is home to approximately 50% of the world’s population. Moreover, the presence of the tropical and polar O3 holes is equivalent to the formation of three “temperature holes” observed in the stratosphere. These findings will have significances in understanding planetary physics, ozone depletion, climate change, and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Bin Lu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Departments of Biology and Chemistry, University of Waterloo , 200 University Ave. West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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6
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Jiao X, He C, Yu H, He J, Wang C. Photo-generated hydroxyl radicals contribute to the formation of halogen radicals leading to ozone depletion on and within polar stratospheric clouds surface. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132816. [PMID: 34752833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), of which the surface is a dynamic liquid water layer and might consist of aqueous HNO3 and H2O2, is a well-known key meteorological condition contributing to the ozone hole in the polar stratosphere. PSCs has been considered to provide abundant surface for the heterogeneous reactions causing the formation of the Cl2 and HOCl, which are further photolyzed into Cl and ClO radicals leading to the ozone destruction. Here we demonstrated that the sunlight drives the massive and stable production of OH radicals in aqueous HNO3 and its main photo-induced byproduct HNO2. We also found that the photo-generated OH radicals in aqueous HNO3, HNO2 and H2O2 have the remarkable capability to react with the dissolved HCl, Cl- and Br- to form halogen radicals. In addition, we observed that the H2O2 can react with dissolved HCl and Br- in darkness to form and release Cl2 and Br2 gases, which could further be photolyzed into reactive halogen radicals whenever sunlight is available. All these findings suggest that, except for the well-known heterogeneous reactions, photochemical reactions involving the aqueous HNO3 and H2O2 on and within PSCs surface might constitute another important halogen activation pathway for ozone destruction. This study may shed deeper insights into the mechanism of halogen radicals resulting in ozone depletion in polar stratosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Jiao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Congcong He
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huan Yu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Chengjun Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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7
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Kitzmiller NL, Wolf ME, Turney JM, Schaefer HF. The HOX⋯SO 2 (X=F, Cl, Br, I) Binary Complexes: Implications for Atmospheric Chemistry. Chemphyschem 2020; 22:112-126. [PMID: 33090675 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur dioxide and hypohalous acids (HOX, X=F, Cl, Br, I) are ubiquitous molecules in the atmosphere that are central to important processes like seasonal ozone depletion, acid rain, and cloud nucleation. We present the first theoretical examination of the HOX⋯SO2 binary complexes and the associated trends due to halogen substitution. Reliable geometries were optimized at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(T+d)Z level of theory for HOF and HOCl complexes. The HOBr and HOI complexes were optimized at the CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pV(D+d)Z level of theory with the exception of the Br and I atoms which were modeled with an aug-cc-pwCVDZ-PP pseudopotential. 27 HOX⋯SO2 complexes were characterized and the focal point method was employed to produce CCSDT(Q)/CBS interaction energies. Natural Bond Orbital analysis and Symmetry Adapted Perturbation Theory were used to classify the nature of each principle interaction. The interaction energies of all HOX⋯SO2 complexes in this study ranged from 1.35 to 3.81 kcal mol-1 . The single-interaction hydrogen bonded complexes spanned a range of 2.62 to 3.07 kcal mol-1 , while the single-interaction halogen bonded complexes were far more sensitive to halogen substitution ranging from 1.35 to 3.06 kcal mol-1 , indicating that the two types of interactions are extremely competitive for heavier halogens. Our results provide insight into the interactions between HOX and SO2 which may guide further research of related systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L Kitzmiller
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Mark E Wolf
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Justin M Turney
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
| | - Henry F Schaefer
- Center for Computational Quantum Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30602
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8
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Zhong J, Zhang W, Wu S, An T, Francisco JS. Molecular Interaction and Orientation of HOCl on Aqueous and Ice Surfaces. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17329-17333. [PMID: 32997935 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interaction and orientation of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on the ice surface has been of great interest as it has important implications to ozone depletion. As HOCl interacts with the ice surface, previous classical molecular dynamics simulations suggest its OH moiety orients to the outside of the ice surface, whereas the quantum calculations performed at 0 K indicate its Cl atom is exposed. To resolve this contradiction, herein, Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations are adopted, and the results suggest that at ambient temperature, the interaction between HOCl with interfacial water is dominated by the robust H-bond of (HOCl)H-O(H2O). As a result, the HOCl mainly acts as the proton donor to the water surface, which thus can participate in proton transfer reactions via the promotion of interfacial water. Moreover, the Cl atom of HOCl is found to be exposed to the outside of the water surface. Therefore, during the heterogeneous reactions of HOCl on the water surface, the Cl atom becomes the reactive site and is easily attacked by other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhong
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6316, United States
| | - Weina Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Si Wu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6316, United States
| | - Taicheng An
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6316, United States
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9
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Pérez de Tudela R, Marx D. Generating Excess Protons in Microsolvated Acid Clusters under Ambient Conditions: An Issue of Configurational Entropy versus Internal Energy. Chemistry 2020; 26:11955-11959. [PMID: 32080914 PMCID: PMC7540491 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Acid dissociation, and thus liberation of excess protons in small water droplets, impacts on diverse fields such as interstellar, atmospheric or environmental chemistry. At cryogenic temperatures below 1 K, it is now well established that as few as four water molecules suffice to dissociate the generic strong acid HCl, yet temperature-driven recombination sets in simply upon heating that cluster. Here, the fundamental question is posed of how many more water molecules are required to stabilize a hydrated excess proton at room temperature. Ab initio path integral simulations disclose that not five, but six water molecules are needed at 300 K to allow for HCl dissociation independently from nuclear quantum effects. In order to provide the molecular underpinnings of these observations, the classical and quantum free energy profiles were decomposed along the dissociation coordinate in terms of the corresponding internal energy and entropy profiles. What decides in the end about acid dissociation, and thus ion pair formation, in a specific microsolvated water cluster at room temperature is found to be a fierce competition between classical configurational entropy and internal energy, where the former stabilizes the undissociated state whereas the latter favors dissociation. It is expected that these are generic findings with broad implications on acid-base chemistry depending on temperature in small water assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Marx
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische ChemieRuhr-Universität Bochum44780BochumGermany
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10
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11
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Bresnahan CG, David R, Milet A, Kumar R. Ion Pairing in HCl-Water Clusters: From Electronic Structure Investigations to Multiconfigurational Force-Field Development. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9371-9381. [PMID: 31589444 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In the bulk, condensed-phase HCl exists as a dissociated Cl- ion and a proton that is delocalized over solvating water molecules. However, in the gas phase, HCl is covalent, and even on the introduction of hydrating water molecules, the HCl covalent state dominates small clusters and is relevant at larger clusters including 21 water molecules. Electronic structure calculations (at the MP2 level) and ab initio metadynamics simulations (at the DFT level) have been carried out on HCl-(H2O)n clusters with n = 2-22 to investigate distinct solvation environments in clusters from covalent HCl structure, to contact ion pairs and solvent-separated ion pairs. The data were further used to train and validate a multiconfigurational force-field for HCl-water clusters that incorporates covalent HCl states into the MS-EVB3.2 formalism. Additionally, the many-body interaction of the Cl- ion with water and the excess proton was modeled by the introduction of two geometric three-body terms that incorporates the dominant many-body interaction in an efficient noniterative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin G Bresnahan
- Department of Chemistry , 232 Choppin Hall , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - Rolf David
- Department of Chemistry , 232 Choppin Hall , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Anne Milet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM , 38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Revati Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , 232 Choppin Hall , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
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12
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Abstract
Abstract
Remarkable progress has occurred over the last 100 years in our understanding of atmospheric chemical composition, stratospheric and tropospheric chemistry, urban air pollution, acid rain, and the formation of airborne particles from gas-phase chemistry. Much of this progress was associated with the developing understanding of the formation and role of ozone and of the oxides of nitrogen, NO and NO2, in the stratosphere and troposphere. The chemistry of the stratosphere, emerging from the pioneering work of Chapman in 1931, was followed by the discovery of catalytic ozone cycles, ozone destruction by chlorofluorocarbons, and the polar ozone holes, work honored by the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to Crutzen, Rowland, and Molina. Foundations for the modern understanding of tropospheric chemistry were laid in the 1950s and 1960s, stimulated by the eye-stinging smog in Los Angeles. The importance of the hydroxyl (OH) radical and its relationship to the oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO2) emerged. The chemical processes leading to acid rain were elucidated. The atmosphere contains an immense number of gas-phase organic compounds, a result of emissions from plants and animals, natural and anthropogenic combustion processes, emissions from oceans, and from the atmospheric oxidation of organics emitted into the atmosphere. Organic atmospheric particulate matter arises largely as gas-phase organic compounds undergo oxidation to yield low-volatility products that condense into the particle phase. A hundred years ago, quantitative theories of chemical reaction rates were nonexistent. Today, comprehensive computer codes are available for performing detailed calculations of chemical reaction rates and mechanisms for atmospheric reactions. Understanding the future role of atmospheric chemistry in climate change and, in turn, the impact of climate change on atmospheric chemistry, will be critical to developing effective policies to protect the planet.
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13
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Faraudo G, Weibel DE. Effect of Hcl Addition and Temperature on the Heterogeneous Chemistryand Photochemistry of Clono2 Adsorbed on ice Crystals. PROGRESS IN REACTION KINETICS AND MECHANISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3184/007967401103165244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneous chemistry and photochemistry of chlorine nitrate adsorbed on HCl-doped crystals was studied mainly at 181 K and at 190 K. Under our experimental conditions the main gaseous products found at 181 K were Cl2O and Cl2, while at 190 K, Cl2O was mainly observed. At both temperatures a net enhancement in the rate of gaseous product formation was observed when light of wavelength longer than 350 nm entered the reactor. The obtained results in conditions where the ClONO2 concentration is higher than HCl concentration, and both are high enough to maintain saturation of the surface, showed that the rate of gaseous products formation at 181 K depends on the reactive species adsorbed while at 190 K, it is independence of them. The implications of these findings to the polar stratospheric chemistry are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Faraudo
- Departamento de Físico Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. 5000, Córdoba (Argentina)
- Present addresses: Instituto de Quimica da U.F.R.J. Departamento de Fisico-Quimica. Cidade Universitaria, Predio do CT-Bloco A. 21949-900, Rio de Janeiro. Brazil
| | - Daniel E. Weibel
- Departamento de Físico Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. 5000, Córdoba (Argentina)
- Department of Chemisty, UMIST, PO Box 88, Sackville Street, Manchester M60 1QD, UK
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14
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Bang Y, Kim SH, Kim Y. Direct dynamics calculations of multiple proton transfer through hydrogen-bonded wire and the role of micro-solvation in ClONO2 + H2O → HNO3 + HOCl reactions. Theor Chem Acc 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-017-2163-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Mary Novena L, Suresh Kumar S, Athimoolam S. Improved solubility and bioactivity of theophylline (a bronchodilator drug) through its new nitrate salt analysed by experimental and theoretical approaches. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Partanen L, Murdachaew G, Gerber RB, Halonen L. Temperature and collision energy effects on dissociation of hydrochloric acid on water surfaces. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:13432-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00597g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Lee C, Sultana CM, Collins DB, Santander MV, Axson JL, Malfatti F, Cornwell GC, Grandquist JR, Deane GB, Stokes MD, Azam F, Grassian VH, Prather KA. Advancing Model Systems for Fundamental Laboratory Studies of Sea Spray Aerosol Using the Microbial Loop. J Phys Chem A 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b03488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ∥Department of
Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Camille M. Sultana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ∥Department of
Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Douglas B. Collins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ∥Department of
Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Mitchell V. Santander
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ∥Department of
Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jessica L. Axson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ∥Department of
Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Francesca Malfatti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ∥Department of
Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Gavin C. Cornwell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ∥Department of
Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Joshua R. Grandquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ∥Department of
Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Grant B. Deane
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ∥Department of
Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - M. Dale Stokes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ∥Department of
Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Farooq Azam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ∥Department of
Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Vicki H. Grassian
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ∥Department of
Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Prather
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Scripps Institution
of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering and ∥Department of
Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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18
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Verdes M, Paniagua M. Relative stabilities of HCl•H2SO4•HNO3 aggregates in polar stratospheric clouds. J Mol Model 2015; 21:78. [PMID: 25758341 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Strong acids such as HCl (C), HNO3 (N) and H2SO4 (S) acquire relevance in Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) and aerosols in which nucleation processes occur. Ab initio quantum chemical studies of aggregates were performed for these strong acids. Structures were calculated using DFT methods with the B3LYP hybrid functional and aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. As an initial constraint, an H2SO4 moiety was placed in all candidate structures. A total of 11 optimized structures was found: a global minimum (CSN-a) plus ten local minima on the Potential Energy Surface (PES). The global minimum aggregate gave four hydrogen bonds, yielding a hexagonal ring in its structure. HNO3 acts as proton donor in all clusters; nevertheless, using trans-H2SO4 as the proton donor yielded the most stable structures, whereas HCl acts mainly as a proton donor/acceptor. Real harmonic frequencies, IR spectra, and inter-monomeric parameters were obtained. CSN-a symmetric stretching modes were shifted to 2805.56 cm(-1) and 3520.00 cm(-1) for H-Cl modes, while O-H modes shifted to 3256.87 cm(-1) and 3362.47 cm(-1). On the other hand, relative stabilities improved for 5 of the 11 aggregates when the temperature decreased from 298 K to 210 K, 195 K and 188 K. The aggregate CSN-f remained unstable only at 210 K. Moreover, the relative Gibbs free energy, ΔG(0-298K) was -9.26 kcalmol(-1) with respect to CSN-a; relative reaction Gibbs free energy [Δ(ΔG)] values ranged from 0.0 at 298 K, to -6.9 kcalmol(-1) at 188 K. It seems that CSN aggregates remain slightly more stable than CNS aggregates with a HNO3 moiety when the temperature decreases from 298 to 188 K. Five structures remained relatively stable under both study conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Verdes
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, C-14, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain,
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19
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Poterya V, Lengyel J, Pysanenko A, Svrčková P, Fárník M. Imaging of hydrogen halides photochemistry on argon and ice nanoparticles. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:074309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4892585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Poterya
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J. Lengyel
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A. Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P. Svrčková
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M. Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
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20
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21
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22
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Devlin JP, Uras N, Rahman M, Buch V. Covalent and Ionic States of Strong Acids at the Ice Surface. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.199900033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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23
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Asada T, Okajima T, Koseki S. Theoretical Investigation of the Reaction Mechanism of ClONO2 + HCl → HNO3 + Cl2 on (H2O)n (n = 0–3) Cluster. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:7928-38. [DOI: 10.1021/jp406175j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Asada
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Okajima
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Shiro Koseki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty
of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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24
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Brotton SJ, Kaiser RI. In Situ Raman Spectroscopic Study of Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) and Epsomite (MgSO4·7H2O) Dehydration Utilizing an Ultrasonic Levitator. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:669-673. [PMID: 26281883 DOI: 10.1021/jz301861a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present an original apparatus combining an acoustic levitator and a pressure-compatible process chamber. To characterize in situ the chemical and physical modifications of a levitated, single particle while heated to well-defined temperatures using a carbon dioxide laser, the chamber is interfaced to a Raman spectroscopic probe. As a proof-of-concept study, by gradually increasing the heating temperature, we observed the variations in the Raman spectra as 150 μg of crystals of gypsum and epsomite were dehydrated in anhydrous nitrogen gas. We display spectra showing the decreasing intensities of the ν1 symmetric and ν3 asymmetric stretching modes of water with time and the simultaneous shift of the ν1(SO4(2-)) symmetric stretch mode to higher wavenumbers. Our results demonstrate that the new apparatus is well suited to study the dehydration of levitated species such as minerals and offers potential advantages compared with previous experiments on bulk samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Brotton
- Department of Chemistry and NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Ralf I Kaiser
- Department of Chemistry and NASA Astrobiology Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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25
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Marchand P, Marcotte G, Ayotte P. Spectroscopic Study of HNO3 Dissociation on Ice. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:12112-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp309533f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Marchand
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500, boulevard université, Sherbrooke,
Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Guillaume Marcotte
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500, boulevard université, Sherbrooke,
Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Patrick Ayotte
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500, boulevard université, Sherbrooke,
Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
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26
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Drdla K, Turco RP, Elliott S. Heterogeneous chemistry on Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds: A microphysical estimate of the extent of chemical processing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Chubachi S. Relationship between total ozone amounts and stratospheric temperature at Syowa, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Ebben CJ, Shrestha M, Martinez IS, Corrigan AL, Frossard AA, Song WW, Worton DR, Petäjä T, Williams J, Russell LM, Kulmala M, Goldstein AH, Artaxo P, Martin ST, Thomson RJ, Geiger FM. Organic constituents on the surfaces of aerosol particles from Southern Finland, Amazonia, and California studied by vibrational sum frequency generation. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:8271-90. [PMID: 22734593 DOI: 10.1021/jp302631z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes and compares the analysis of the surfaces of natural aerosol particles from three different forest environments by vibrational sum frequency generation. The experiments were carried out directly on filter and impactor substrates, without the need for sample preconcentration, manipulation, or destruction. We discuss the important first steps leading to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particle nucleation and growth from terpene oxidation by showing that, as viewed by coherent vibrational spectroscopy, the chemical composition of the surface region of aerosol particles having sizes of 1 μm and lower appears to be close to size-invariant. We also discuss the concept of molecular chirality as a chemical marker that could be useful for quantifying how chemical constituents in the SOA gas phase and the SOA particle phase are related in time. Finally, we describe how the combination of multiple disciplines, such as aerosol science, advanced vibrational spectroscopy, meteorology, and chemistry can be highly informative when studying particles collected during atmospheric chemistry field campaigns, such as those carried out during HUMPPA-COPEC-2010, AMAZE-08, or BEARPEX-2009, and when they are compared to results from synthetic model systems such as particles from the Harvard Environmental Chamber (HEC). Discussions regarding the future of SOA chemical analysis approaches are given in the context of providing a path toward detailed spectroscopic assignments of SOA particle precursors and constituents and to fast-forward, in terms of mechanistic studies, through the SOA particle formation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlena J Ebben
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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29
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Li QZ, Li R, Guo P, Li H, Li WZ, Cheng JB. Competition of chalcogen bond, halogen bond, and hydrogen bond in SCSHOX and SeCSeHOX (X=Cl and Br) complexes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Ayotte P, Marchand P, Daschbach JL, Smith RS, Kay BD. HCl Adsorption and Ionization on Amorphous and Crystalline H2O Films below 50 K. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:6002-14. [DOI: 10.1021/jp110398j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Ayotte
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - Patrick Marchand
- Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard Université, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - John L. Daschbach
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R. Scott Smith
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Bruce D. Kay
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Mail Stop K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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31
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Balcı FM, Uras-Aytemiz N. Interaction in the Ternary Complexes of HNO3···HCl···H2O: A Theoretical Study on Energetics, Structure, and Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:5943-54. [PMID: 21410276 DOI: 10.1021/jp1103577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Mine Balcı
- Department of Chemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
| | - Nevin Uras-Aytemiz
- Department of Chemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
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32
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Ončák M, Slavíček P, Fárník M, Buck U. Photochemistry of Hydrogen Halides on Water Clusters: Simulations of Electronic Spectra and Photodynamics, and Comparison with Photodissociation Experiments. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:6155-68. [DOI: 10.1021/jp111264e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan Ončák
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 and J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Slavíček
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology Prague, Technická 5, Prague 6 and J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, v.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Udo Buck
- Max-Planck Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation, Bunsenstr. 10, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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33
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Parent P, Lasne J, Marcotte G, Laffon C. HCl adsorption on ice at low temperature: a combined X-ray absorption, photoemission and infrared study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:7142-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02864a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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34
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Poterya V, Fedor J, Pysanenko A, Tkáč O, Lengyel J, Ončák M, Slavíček P, Fárník M. Photochemistry of HI on argon and waternanoparticles: Hydronium radical generation in HI·(H2O)n. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:2250-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01518k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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35
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Leu MT. Laboratory studies of interaction between trace gases and sulphuric acid or sulphate aerosols using flow-tube reactors. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/0144235031000087282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Taun Leu
- a Earth and Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , CA , 91109 , USA
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36
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Anderson JG, Toohey DW, Brune WH. Free Radicals Within the Antarctic Vortex: The Role of CFCs in Antarctic Ozone Loss. Science 2010; 251:39-46. [PMID: 17778601 DOI: 10.1126/science.251.4989.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
How strong is the case linking global release of chlorofluorocarbons to episodic disappearance of ozone from the Antarctic stratosphere each austral spring? Three lines of evidence defining a link are (i) observed containment in the vortex of ClO concentrations two orders of magnitude greater than normal levels; (ii) in situ observations obtained during ten high-altitude aircraft flights into the vortex as the ozone hole was forming that show a decrease in ozone concentrations as ClO concentrations increased; and (iii) a comparison between observed ozone loss rates and those predicted with the use of absolute concentrations of ClO and BrO, the rate-limiting radicals in an array of proposed catalytic cycles. Recent advances in our understanding of the kinetics, photochemistry, and structural details of key intermediates in these catalytic cycles as well as an improved absolute calibration for ClO and BrO concentrations at the temperatures and pressures encountered in the lower antarctic stratosphere have been essential for defining the link.
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37
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Bianco R, Gertner BJ, Hynes JT. D. Proton transfer in complex systems, liquids and biological systems: Proton transfer reactions at the surface of Ice. Heterogeneous reactions involved in stratospheric ozone depletion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19981020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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38
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Casterline BE, Mollner AK, Ch’ng LC, Reisler H. Imaging the State-Specific Vibrational Predissociation of the Hydrogen Chloride−Water Hydrogen-Bonded Dimer. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:9774-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102532m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Blithe E. Casterline
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482
| | - Andrew K. Mollner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482
| | - Lee C. Ch’ng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482
| | - Hanna Reisler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482
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39
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40
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Supercooled Sulfuric Acid Droplets: Perturbed Stratospheric Chemistry in Early Winter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.19920960319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Njegic B, Raff JD, Finlayson-Pitts BJ, Gordon MS, Gerber RB. Catalytic Role for Water in the Atmospheric Production of ClNO. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4609-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jp912155a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bosiljka Njegic
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, and The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Jonathan D. Raff
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, and The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Barbara J. Finlayson-Pitts
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, and The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - Mark S. Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, and The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - R. Benny Gerber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, and The Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
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42
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Ayotte P, Rafiei Z, Porzio F, Marchand P. Dissociative adsorption of hydrogen fluoride onto amorphous solid water. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:124517. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3231999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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43
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Nam K, Kim Y. Direct ab initio dynamics calculations for rates and the kinetic isotope effects of multiproton transfer in ClONO2 + HCl --> HNO3 + Cl2 reactions with water clusters: breakdown of the rule of the geometric mean. J Chem Phys 2009; 130:144310. [PMID: 19368448 DOI: 10.1063/1.3113662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed high-level quantum mechanical calculations and direct ab initio reaction dynamics calculations for multiple proton transfers in ClONO(2)+HCl-->HNO(3)+Cl(2) with water clusters containing one to two water molecules, which can be used as a model of the reactions occurring on ice surface in stratospheric clouds. The energy barriers of these reactions depend on the number of water molecules involved. Two and three protons in these reactions with one and two water molecules, respectively, were transferred concertedly and asynchronously. The potential energy barrier at the MP2/6-311++(3df,3pd)//MP2/6-31G(d,p) level was 4.8 kcal/mol for the triple proton transfer involving two water molecules with a rate constant of 1.6x10(3) s(-1) at 197 K. The potential energy curve near the saddle points was very flat and the tunneling effect on the proton transfer was negligible. The primary HH/DH kinetic isotope effect for the double proton transfer involving one water molecule was lower than unity due to the enhanced force constant at the transition state. The rule of the geometric mean for the concerted proton transfer does not hold in these reactions because the zero-point energy changes of each proton in flight at the transition state are not the same in the highly asynchronous processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kikyung Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Kyung Hee University, 1 Seochun-Dong, Kiheung-Gu, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 449-701, Korea
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44
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Blanco F, Alkorta I, Solimannejad M, Elguero J. Theoretical Study of the 1:1 Complexes between Carbon Monoxide and Hypohalous Acids. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3237-44. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810462h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Blanco
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 28006-Madrid, Spain, Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Arak University, 38156-879 Arak, Iran, and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 28006-Madrid, Spain, Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Arak University, 38156-879 Arak, Iran, and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mohammad Solimannejad
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 28006-Madrid, Spain, Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Arak University, 38156-879 Arak, Iran, and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jose Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 28006-Madrid, Spain, Quantum Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, Arak University, 38156-879 Arak, Iran, and Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1033, Blindern, N-0315 Oslo, Norway
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45
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Leu MT, Keyser LF. Vapor-deposited water and nitric acid ices: Physical and chemical properties. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350802617129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Finlayson-Pitts BJ. Reactions at surfaces in the atmosphere: integration of experiments and theory as necessary (but not necessarily sufficient) for predicting the physical chemistry of aerosols. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:7760-79. [DOI: 10.1039/b906540g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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47
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Panek JJ, Berski S. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory study of dimers and water complexes of hypohalous acids HOF, HOCl and HOBr. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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48
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Kulczycka K, Kalbarczyk P, Uras-Aytemiz N, Sadlej J. Interaction in the ternary complexes of HCl-methanol-X, X = H2O or NH3: Ab initio calculations and on-the-fly molecular dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:3870-8. [PMID: 18399675 DOI: 10.1021/jp800042e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics, structures, energetics, and vibrational spectra of the ternary complexes of hydrogen chloride with either methanol and water or methanol and ammonia were investigated by on-the-fly molecular dynamics and ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) with aug-cc-pvDZ basis sets. Addition of CH3OH to the HCl-NH3 system catalyzes the proton transfer from HCl to NH3. However, the dynamics of the system show that the proton is not localized on NH3; rather, it is shared between N and Cl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kulczycka
- Department of Chemistry, Suleyman Demirel University, 32260 Isparta, Turkey.
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Mason NJ, Drage EA, Webb SM, Dawes A, McPheat R, Hayes G. The spectroscopy and chemical dynamics of microparticles explored using an ultrasonic trap. Faraday Discuss 2008; 137:367-76; discussion 403-24. [PMID: 18214114 DOI: 10.1039/b702726p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microsized particles play an important role in many diverse areas of science and technology, for example, surface reactions of micron-sized particles play a key role in astrochemistry, plasma reactors and atmospheric chemistry. To date much of our knowledge of such surface chemistry is derived from 'traditional' surface science-based research. However, the large surface area and morphology of surface material commonly used in such surface science techniques may not necessarily mimic that on the surface of micron/nano scale particles. Hence, a new generation of experiments in which the spectroscopy (e.g., albedo) and chemical reactivity of micron-sized particles can be studied directly must be developed. One, as yet underexploited, non-invasive technique is the use of ultrasonic levitation. In this article, we describe the operation of an 'ultrasonic trap' to store and study the physical and chemical properties of microparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Mason
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
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Perkins BG, Nesbitt DJ. Quantum state-resolved CO2 collisions at the gas-liquid interface: surface temperature-dependent scattering dynamics. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:507-19. [PMID: 18052277 DOI: 10.1021/jp077488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Energy transfer dynamics at the gas-liquid interface are investigated as a function of surface temperature both by experimental studies of CO2 + perfluorinated polyether (PFPE) and by molecular dynamics simulations of CO2 + fluorinated self-assembled monolayers (F-SAMs). Using a normal incident molecular beam, the experimental studies probe scattered CO2 internal-state and translational distributions with high resolution infrared spectroscopy. At low incident energies [Einc = 1.6(1) kcal/mol], CO2 J-state populations and transverse Doppler velocity distributions are characteristic of the surface temperature (Trot approximately Ttrans approximately TS) over the range from 232 to 323 K. In contrast, the rotational and translational distributions at high incident energies [Einc = 10.6(8) kcal/mol] show evidence for both trapping-desorption (TD) and impulsive scattering (IS) events. Specifically, the populations are surprisingly well-characterized by a sum of Boltzmann distributions where the two components include one (TD) that equilibrates with the surface (TTD approximately TS) and a second (IS) that is much hotter than the surface temperature (TIS > TS). Support for the superthermal, yet Boltzmann, nature of the IS channel is provided by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of CO2 + F-SAMs [Einc = 10.6 kcal/mol], which reveal two-temperature distributions, sticking probabilities, and angular distributions in near quantitative agreement with the experimental PFPE results. Finally, experiments as a function of surface temperature reveal an increase in both sticking probability and rotational/translational temperature of the IS component. Such a trend is consistent with increased surface roughness at higher surface temperature, which increases the overall probability of trapping, yet preferentially leads to impulsive scattering of more highly internally excited CO2 from the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradford G Perkins
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0440, USA
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