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Zhang T, Li J, Ding W, Kong F, Fang Y, Niu X, Jiang J, Yu Z, Tan P, Shen Z, Yang C, Sun Q, Lu Z, Yang B, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhao Y. Magnetotelluric evidence for highly focused mantle melting along the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge, Arctic Ocean. Natl Sci Rev 2025; 12:nwaf077. [PMID: 40260320 PMCID: PMC12010957 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2025] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 04/23/2025] Open
Abstract
It is well known that ultraslow-spreading mid-ocean ridges display significant variations in axial magmatism and tectonics. Yet, the processes governing mantle melting and melt transport remain a subject of ongoing debate. A key limitation has been the lack of contrasting observations of mantle melting beneath axial segment centers versus segment ends, particularly through electromagnetic methods, which are highly sensitive to partial molten mantle. Here, we present the first one-dimensional magnetotelluric observation conducted along the ultraslow-spreading Gakkel Ridge in the Arctic Ocean. Our findings reveal prominent low-resistivity zones at depths of 20-45 km beneath segment centers, which are indicative of shallow melting zones. We propose that the robust magma supply and associated repeated magma intrusions lead to a thin thermal lithosphere and associated shallow mantle melting. In contrast, such electrical resistivity anomalies are absent at comparable depths beneath the magma-poor deep valley, where the electrical lithosphere extends to depths of >50 km. The extremely thick lithosphere restricts mantle melting to greater depths and facilitates melt migration toward adjacent segment centers. Our study highlights the critical role of highly variable lithospheric thickness in regulating melting depth and focusing melt flow along ultraslow-spreading ridges. We propose that the significant variation in lithospheric thickness and the associated focused melting result in the recently observed highly variable crustal thickness along the Gakkel Ridge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jiabiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Weiwei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Fansheng Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yinxia Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Xiongwei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Jie Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiteng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Pingchuan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Zhongyan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Chunguo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Qiuci Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Zhezhe Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yejian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Submarine Geoscience, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yunsheng Zhao
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313000, China
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Géli L, Bougault H, Aslanian D, Briais A, Dosso L, Etoubleau J, Le Formal JP, Maia M, Ondréas H, Olivet JL, Richardson C, Sayanagi K, Seama N, Shah A, Vlastelic I, Yamamoto M. Evolution of the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge South of the Udintsev Fracture Zone. Science 1997. [DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5341.1281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Louis Géli
- L. Géli, H. Bougault, J. Etoubleau, J.-P. Le Formal, H. Ondréas, J.-L. Olivet, I. Vlastelic, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- D. Aslanian and C. Richardson, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3OEZ, UK
- A. Briais, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénnées, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse-Cédex, France
- L. Dosso, CNRS-IFREMER, Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- M. Maia, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
| | - Henri Bougault
- L. Géli, H. Bougault, J. Etoubleau, J.-P. Le Formal, H. Ondréas, J.-L. Olivet, I. Vlastelic, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- D. Aslanian and C. Richardson, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3OEZ, UK
- A. Briais, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénnées, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse-Cédex, France
- L. Dosso, CNRS-IFREMER, Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- M. Maia, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
| | - Daniel Aslanian
- L. Géli, H. Bougault, J. Etoubleau, J.-P. Le Formal, H. Ondréas, J.-L. Olivet, I. Vlastelic, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- D. Aslanian and C. Richardson, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3OEZ, UK
- A. Briais, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénnées, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse-Cédex, France
- L. Dosso, CNRS-IFREMER, Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- M. Maia, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
| | - Anne Briais
- L. Géli, H. Bougault, J. Etoubleau, J.-P. Le Formal, H. Ondréas, J.-L. Olivet, I. Vlastelic, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- D. Aslanian and C. Richardson, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3OEZ, UK
- A. Briais, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénnées, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse-Cédex, France
- L. Dosso, CNRS-IFREMER, Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- M. Maia, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
| | - Laure Dosso
- L. Géli, H. Bougault, J. Etoubleau, J.-P. Le Formal, H. Ondréas, J.-L. Olivet, I. Vlastelic, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- D. Aslanian and C. Richardson, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3OEZ, UK
- A. Briais, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénnées, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse-Cédex, France
- L. Dosso, CNRS-IFREMER, Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- M. Maia, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
| | - Joël Etoubleau
- L. Géli, H. Bougault, J. Etoubleau, J.-P. Le Formal, H. Ondréas, J.-L. Olivet, I. Vlastelic, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- D. Aslanian and C. Richardson, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3OEZ, UK
- A. Briais, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénnées, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse-Cédex, France
- L. Dosso, CNRS-IFREMER, Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- M. Maia, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Le Formal
- L. Géli, H. Bougault, J. Etoubleau, J.-P. Le Formal, H. Ondréas, J.-L. Olivet, I. Vlastelic, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- D. Aslanian and C. Richardson, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3OEZ, UK
- A. Briais, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénnées, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse-Cédex, France
- L. Dosso, CNRS-IFREMER, Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- M. Maia, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
| | - Marcia Maia
- L. Géli, H. Bougault, J. Etoubleau, J.-P. Le Formal, H. Ondréas, J.-L. Olivet, I. Vlastelic, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- D. Aslanian and C. Richardson, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3OEZ, UK
- A. Briais, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénnées, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse-Cédex, France
- L. Dosso, CNRS-IFREMER, Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- M. Maia, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
| | - Hélène Ondréas
- L. Géli, H. Bougault, J. Etoubleau, J.-P. Le Formal, H. Ondréas, J.-L. Olivet, I. Vlastelic, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- D. Aslanian and C. Richardson, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3OEZ, UK
- A. Briais, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénnées, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse-Cédex, France
- L. Dosso, CNRS-IFREMER, Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- M. Maia, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
| | - Jean-Louis Olivet
- L. Géli, H. Bougault, J. Etoubleau, J.-P. Le Formal, H. Ondréas, J.-L. Olivet, I. Vlastelic, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- D. Aslanian and C. Richardson, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3OEZ, UK
- A. Briais, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénnées, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse-Cédex, France
- L. Dosso, CNRS-IFREMER, Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- M. Maia, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
| | - Chris Richardson
- L. Géli, H. Bougault, J. Etoubleau, J.-P. Le Formal, H. Ondréas, J.-L. Olivet, I. Vlastelic, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- D. Aslanian and C. Richardson, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3OEZ, UK
- A. Briais, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénnées, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse-Cédex, France
- L. Dosso, CNRS-IFREMER, Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- M. Maia, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
| | - Keizo Sayanagi
- L. Géli, H. Bougault, J. Etoubleau, J.-P. Le Formal, H. Ondréas, J.-L. Olivet, I. Vlastelic, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- D. Aslanian and C. Richardson, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3OEZ, UK
- A. Briais, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénnées, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse-Cédex, France
- L. Dosso, CNRS-IFREMER, Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- M. Maia, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
| | - Nobukazu Seama
- L. Géli, H. Bougault, J. Etoubleau, J.-P. Le Formal, H. Ondréas, J.-L. Olivet, I. Vlastelic, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- D. Aslanian and C. Richardson, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3OEZ, UK
- A. Briais, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénnées, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse-Cédex, France
- L. Dosso, CNRS-IFREMER, Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- M. Maia, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
| | - Anjana Shah
- L. Géli, H. Bougault, J. Etoubleau, J.-P. Le Formal, H. Ondréas, J.-L. Olivet, I. Vlastelic, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- D. Aslanian and C. Richardson, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3OEZ, UK
- A. Briais, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénnées, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse-Cédex, France
- L. Dosso, CNRS-IFREMER, Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- M. Maia, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
| | - Ivan Vlastelic
- L. Géli, H. Bougault, J. Etoubleau, J.-P. Le Formal, H. Ondréas, J.-L. Olivet, I. Vlastelic, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- D. Aslanian and C. Richardson, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3OEZ, UK
- A. Briais, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénnées, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse-Cédex, France
- L. Dosso, CNRS-IFREMER, Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- M. Maia, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
| | - Michiko Yamamoto
- L. Géli, H. Bougault, J. Etoubleau, J.-P. Le Formal, H. Ondréas, J.-L. Olivet, I. Vlastelic, Institut Francais de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- D. Aslanian and C. Richardson, Bullard Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3OEZ, UK
- A. Briais, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénnées, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31055 Toulouse-Cédex, France
- L. Dosso, CNRS-IFREMER, Boite Postale 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
- M. Maia, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29285 Brest, France
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