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Zhang Z, Faez S. Iontronic microscopy of a tungsten microelectrode: "seeing" ionic currents under an optical microscope. Faraday Discuss 2023; 246:426-440. [PMID: 37404127 PMCID: PMC10568260 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00040k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Optical methods for monitoring electrochemical reactions at an interface are advantageous because of their table-top setup and ease of integration into reactors. Here we apply EDL-modulation microscopy to one of the main components of amperometric measurement devices: a microelectrode. We present experimental measurements of the EDL-modulation contrast from the tip of a tungsten microelectrode at various electrochemical potentials inside a ferrocene-dimethanol Fe(MeOH)2 solution. Using the combination of the dark-field scattering microscope and the lock-in detection technique, we measure the phase and amplitude of local ion-concentration oscillations in response to an AC potential as the electrode potential is scanned through the redox-activity window of the dissolved species. We present the amplitude and phase map of this response, as such this method can be used to study the spatial and temporal variations of the ion-flux due to an electrochemical reaction close to metallic and semiconducting objects of general geometry. We discuss the advantages and possible extensions of using this microscopy method for wide-field imaging of ionic currents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhang
- Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sanli Faez
- Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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2
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Ren Y, Zhang J, Gao X, Zheng X, Liu X, Cui TJ. Active spoof plasmonics: from design to applications. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 34:053002. [PMID: 34673556 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac31f7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spoof plasmonic metamaterials enable the transmission of electromagnetic energies with strong field confinement, opening new pathways to the miniaturization of devices for modern communications. The design of active, reconfigurable, and nonlinear devices for the efficient generation and guidance, dynamic modulation, and accurate detection of spoof surface plasmonic signals has become one of the major research directions in the field of spoof plasmonic metamaterials. In this article, we review recent progress in the studies on spoof surface plasmons with a special focus on the active spoof surface plasmonic devices and systems. Different design schemes are introduced, and the related applications including reconfigurable filters, high-resolution sensors for chemical and biological sensing, graphene-based attenuators, programmable and multi-functional devices, nonlinear devices, splitters, leaky-wave antennas and multi-scheme digital modulators are discussed. The presence of active SSPPs based on different design schemes makes it possible to dynamically control electromagnetic waves in real time. The promising future of active spoof plasmonic metamaterials in the communication systems is also speculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie Jun Cui
- Institute of Electromagnetic Space, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
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Pinto MR, Costa GF, Machado EG, Nagao R. Self‐Organization in Electrochemical Synthesis as a Methodology towards New Materials. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria R. Pinto
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Gabriel F. Costa
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Eduardo G. Machado
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
- Center for Innovation on New EnergiesUniversity of Campinas CEP 13083-841 Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Raphael Nagao
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of Campinas CEP 13083-970 Campinas, SP Brazil
- Center for Innovation on New EnergiesUniversity of Campinas CEP 13083-841 Campinas, SP Brazil
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4
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Son T, Lee C, Moon G, Lee D, Cheong E, Kim D. Enhanced surface plasmon microscopy based on multi-channel spatial light switching for label-free neuronal imaging. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 146:111738. [PMID: 31600626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we have investigated multi-channel switching of light incidence in multiple directions to improve image clarity in surface plasmon microscopy (SPM) for robust and consistent imaging performance regardless of the pattern geometry and shape. Multi-channel light switching in SPM allows significant reduction of adverse scattering effects by surface plasmon (SP). For proof of concept, an eight-channel spatially switched SPM (ssSPM) system has been set up. The results with reference objects including square arrays and Siemens stars experimentally confirm much improved images with ssSPM by reducing the artifacts of SP scattering significantly. On a quantitative basis, contrast analysis preformed with square arrays shows image contrast enhanced by more than three times over conventional SPM. Three image reconstruction algorithms were evaluated for optimal image acquisition. It is suggested that averaging combined with minimum-filtering produces the highest resolution. ssSPM was applied to label-free imaging of primary neuron cultures and shown to present enhanced images with clarity far better than conventional SPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwang Son
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Changhun Lee
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Gwiyeong Moon
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Dongsu Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Eunji Cheong
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Son T, Lee C, Seo J, Choi IH, Kim D. Surface plasmon microscopy by spatial light switching for label-free imaging with enhanced resolution. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:959-962. [PMID: 29444037 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.000959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we describe spatially switched surface plasmon microscopy (ssSPM) based on two-channel momentum sampling. The performance evaluated with periodic nanowires in comparison with conventional SPM and bright-field microscopy shows that the resolution of ssSPM is enhanced by almost 15 times over conventional SPM. ssSPM provides an extremely simple way to attain diffraction limit in SPM and to go beyond for super-resolution in label-free microscopy techniques.
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Fernandes de Lima VM, Pereira A. The Plastic Glial-Synaptic Dynamics within the Neuropil: A Self-Organizing System Composed of Polyelectrolytes in Phase Transition. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:7192427. [PMID: 26949548 PMCID: PMC4753343 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7192427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several explanations have been proposed to account for the mechanisms of neuroglial interactions involved in neural plasticity. We review experimental results addressing plastic nonlinear interactions between glial membranes and synaptic terminals. These results indicate the necessity of elaborating on a model based on the dynamics of hydroionic waves within the neuropil. These waves have been detected in a small scale experimental model of the central nervous system, the in vitro retina. We suggest that the brain, as the heart and kidney, is a system for which the state of water is functional. The use of nonlinear thermodynamics supports experiments at convenient biological spatiotemporal scales, while an understanding of the properties of ions and their interactions with water requires explanations based on quantum theories. In our approach, neural plasticity is seen as part of a larger process that encompasses higher brain functions; in this regard, hydroionic waves within the neuropil are considered to carry both physiological and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Maura Fernandes de Lima
- Centro de Biotecnologia, IPEN-CNEN/SP, Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242, Butantã, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Pereira
- Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Campus Rubião Jr., 18618-970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Fernandes de Lima VM, Piqueira JRC, Hanke W. The Tight Coupling and Non-Linear Relationship between the Macroscopic Electrical and Optical Concomitants of Electrochemical CNS Waves Reflect the Non-Linear Dynamics of Neural Glial Propagation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ojbiphy.2015.51001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Politano A, Formoso V, Chiarello G. Interplay between single-particle and plasmonic excitations in the electronic response of thin Ag films. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:305001. [PMID: 23765519 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/30/305001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
High-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy is used to study the electronic properties of thin Ag layers on Ni(111). In addition to the ordinary surface plasmon at 3.8 eV, we observe a broad feature at 7-8 eV, whose nature is investigated as a function of scattering geometry and primary electron beam energy. Loss measurements unambiguously indicate that this mode has spectral components from both free-electron Ag plasmonic excitations (free-electron surface plasmons and multipole plasmons) and single-particle transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Politano
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi della Calabria, I-87036 Rende (Cs), Italy
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11
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Partovi-Nia R, Beheshti S, Qin Z, Mandal HS, Long YT, Girault HH, Kraatz HB. Study of amyloid β-peptide (Aβ12-28-Cys) interactions with Congo red and β-sheet breaker peptides using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:6377-6385. [PMID: 22449117 DOI: 10.1021/la300093h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A surface-based approach is presented to study the interactions of Aβ12-28-Cys assembled on gold surfaces with Congo red (CR) and a β-sheet breaker (BSB) peptide. The various aspects of the peptide film have been examined using different electrochemical and surface analytical techniques. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results using redox probes [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) show that Aβ12-28-Cys on gold forms a stable and reproducible blocking film. EIS analysis shows that CR and BSB have different effects on the electrochemical properties of Aβ12-28-Cys films, presumably due to changes in the interactions between the film and CR and BSB. EIS results indicate that in the case of CR film resistance decreases significantly presumably due to better penetration of the solution-based redox probe into the film, whereas in the case of BSB, the film resistance increases. We interpret this difference to BSB being able to interact with the Aβ12-28-Cys on the surface and presumably forming a film that presents a higher resistance for electron transfer from the redox probe to the solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Partovi-Nia
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada
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12
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Shan X, Wang S, Wang W, Tao N. Plasmonic-based imaging of local square wave voltammetry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:7394-9. [PMID: 21793508 DOI: 10.1021/ac201392r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Square wave voltammetry (SWV) is widely used in electrochemical analysis and sensors because of its high sensitivity and efficient rejection of background current, but SWV by the conventional electrochemical detection method does not provide spatial resolution. We report here a plasmonic method to image local SWV, which opens the door for analyzing heterogeneous electrochemical reactions and for high-throughput detections of microarrays. We describe the basic principle, validate the principle by comparing the plasmonic-based SWV with those obtained with the conventional method, and demonstrate imaging capability for local electrochemical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Shan
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA
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13
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Choi CH, Hillier AC. Combined Electrochemical Surface Plasmon Resonance for Angle Spread Imaging of Multielement Electrode Arrays. Anal Chem 2010; 82:6293-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac100784c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Hoon Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Andrew C. Hillier
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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14
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Shan X, Patel U, Wang S, Iglesias R, Tao N. Imaging Local Electrochemical Current via Surface Plasmon Resonance. Science 2010; 327:1363-6. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1186476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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15
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16
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17
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Ulrich C, Andersson O, Nyholm L, Björefors F. Potential and Current Density Distributions at Electrodes Intended for Bipolar Patterning. Anal Chem 2008; 81:453-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801871c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ulrich
- Division of Sensor Science and Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden, and Department of Materials Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Olof Andersson
- Division of Sensor Science and Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden, and Department of Materials Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leif Nyholm
- Division of Sensor Science and Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden, and Department of Materials Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Björefors
- Division of Sensor Science and Molecular Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden, and Department of Materials Chemistry, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
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18
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Real-time detection of Cu2+ sequestration and release by immobilized apo-metallothioneins using SECM combined with SPR. Biosens Bioelectron 2008; 24:369-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2008.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Chapter 16 Growth and Etching of Semiconductors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1573-4331(08)00016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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20
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Li YJ, Zhang Y, Zhou F. Sequential Monitoring of Film Thickness Variations with Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging and Imaging Ellipsometry Constructed with a Single Optical System. Anal Chem 2008; 80:891-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac701873v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032
| | - Feimeng Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032
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21
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Diaconescu B, Pohl K, Vattuone L, Savio L, Hofmann P, Silkin VM, Pitarke JM, Chulkov EV, Echenique PM, Farías D, Rocca M. Low-energy acoustic plasmons at metal surfaces. Nature 2007; 448:57-9. [PMID: 17611537 DOI: 10.1038/nature05975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nearly two-dimensional (2D) metallic systems formed in charge inversion layers and artificial layered materials permit the existence of low-energy collective excitations, called 2D plasmons, which are not found in a three-dimensional (3D) metal. These excitations have caused considerable interest because their low energy allows them to participate in many dynamical processes involving electrons and phonons, and because they might mediate the formation of Cooper pairs in high-transition-temperature superconductors. Metals often support electronic states that are confined to the surface, forming a nearly 2D electron-density layer. However, it was argued that these systems could not support low-energy collective excitations because they would be screened out by the underlying bulk electrons. Rather, metallic surfaces should support only conventional surface plasmons-higher-energy modes that depend only on the electron density. Surface plasmons have important applications in microscopy and sub-wavelength optics, but have no relevance to the low-energy dynamics. Here we show that, in contrast to expectations, a low-energy collective excitation mode can be found on bare metal surfaces. The mode has an acoustic (linear) dispersion, different to the dependence of a 2D plasmon, and was observed on Be(0001) using angle-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy. First-principles calculations show that it is caused by the coexistence of a partially occupied quasi-2D surface-state band with the underlying 3D bulk electron continuum and also that the non-local character of the dielectric function prevents it from being screened out by the 3D states. The acoustic plasmon reported here has a very general character and should be present on many metal surfaces. Furthermore, its acoustic dispersion allows the confinement of light on small surface areas and in a broad frequency range, which is relevant for nano-optics and photonics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Diaconescu
- Department of Physics and Material Science Program, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
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22
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Plenge F, Li YJ, Krischer K. Spatial Bifurcations in the Generic N−NDR Electrochemical Oscillator with Negative Global Coupling: Theory and Surface Plasmon Experiments. J Phys Chem B 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp037955z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Plenge
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Y.-J. Li
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - K. Krischer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany, and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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NAKATO Y, NAKANISHI S. 電気化学振動現象とパターン形成現状と展望. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2003. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.71.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Iwasaki Y, Tobita T, Kurihara K, Horiuchi T, Suzuki K, Niwa O. Imaging of electrochemical enzyme sensor on gold electrode using surface plasmon resonance. Biosens Bioelectron 2002; 17:783-8. [PMID: 12191926 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(02)00054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Three types of imaging, namely layer structure, electrochemical reaction, and enzyme sensor response, were achieved by applying surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurement to an electrochemical biosensor. We constructed glucose oxidase based mediator type sensors on a gold electrode by spotting the mediator that contained horseradish peroxidase and spin coating the glucose oxidase film. The layer structure of the sensor was imaged by means of angle scanning SPR measurement. The single sensor spot (about 1 mm in diameter) consisted of about 100 x 100 pixels and its spatial structure was imaged. The multilayer structure of the enzyme sensor had a complex reflectance-incident angle curve and this required us to choose a suitable incident angle for mapping the redox state. We chose an incident angle that provided the most significant reflection intensity difference by using data obtained from two angle scanning SPR measurements at different electrode potentials. At this incident angle, we controlled the electrochemical states of the spotted mediator in cyclic voltammetry and imaged the degree to which the charged site density changed. Finally, we mapped the enzymatic activity around the mediator spot by the enzymatic reoxidation of pre-reduced mediator in the presence of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzuru Iwasaki
- NTT Lifestyle and Environmental Technology Laboratories, NTT Corporation, 3-1, Morinosato Wakamiya, Kanagawa 243-0198, Atsugi, Japan.
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Christoph J, Eiswirth M. Theory of electrochemical pattern formation. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2002; 12:215-230. [PMID: 12779549 DOI: 10.1063/1.1449956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The spatial coupling in electrochemical systems is mediated by ion migration under the influence of the electric field. Since field effects spread very rapidly, every point of an electrode can communicate with every other one practically instantaneously through migration coupling. Based on mathematical potential theory we present the derivation of a generally applicable reaction-migration equation, which describes the coupling via an integral over the whole electrode area. The corresponding coupling function depends only on the geometry of the electrode setup and has been computed for commonly used electrode shapes (such as ring, disk, ribbon or rectangle). The pattern formation observed in electrochemical systems in the bistable, excitable and oscillatory regime can be reproduced in computer simulations, and the types of patterns occurring under different geometries can be rationalized. (c) 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Christoph
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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26
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Nakanishi S, Sakai SI, Hatou M, Mukouyama Y, Nakato Y. Oscillatory Peroxodisulfate Reduction on Pt and Au Electrodes under High Ionic Strength Conditions, Caused by the Catalytic Effect of Adsorbed OH. J Phys Chem B 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013275p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Sho-ichiro Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Michiru Hatou
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Mukouyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, and Research Center for Solar Energy Chemistry, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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27
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Varela H, Krischer K. Nonlinear phenomena during electrochemical oxidation of hydrogen on platinum electrodes. Catal Today 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0920-5861(01)00347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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28
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Nakanishi S, Mukouyama Y, Nakato Y. Catalytic Effect of Adsorbed Iodine Atoms on Hydrogen Peroxide Reduction at Single-Crystal Pt Electrodes, Causing Enhanced Current Oscillations. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0104684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, and Research Center for Photoenergetic of Organic Materials, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Mukouyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, and Research Center for Photoenergetic of Organic Materials, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, and Research Center for Photoenergetic of Organic Materials, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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29
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Li YJ, Oslonovitch J, Mazouz N, Plenge F, Krischer K, Ertl G. Turing-type patterns on electrode surfaces. Science 2001; 291:2395-8. [PMID: 11264532 DOI: 10.1126/science.1057830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We report stationary, nonequilibrium potential and adsorbate patterns with an intrinsic wavelength that were observed in an electrochemical system with a specific type of current/electrode-potential (I-phi(DL)) characteristic. The patterns emerge owing to the interplay of a self-enhancing step in the reaction dynamics and a long-range inhibition by migration currents rather than by diffusion. Theoretical analysis revealed that this self-structuring of the electrode occurs in all electrochemical systems with an S-shaped I-phi(DL) characteristic in wide and well-accessible parameter ranges. This unusual pattern-forming instability in electrochemical systems has all the characteristics of the mechanism proposed by Turing in 1952 in the framework of an early theory of morphogenesis. Our finding might account for structure formation in certain biological systems that have gradients in the electric potential and may open new paths for fabricating patterned electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Li
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
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30
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Mukouyama Y, Nishimura T, Nakanishi S, Nakato Y. Roles of Local Deviations and Fluctuations of the Helmholtz-Layer Potential in Transitions from Stationary to Oscillatory Currents in an “H2O2 − Acid−Pt” Electrochemical System. J Phys Chem B 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp001701l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiharu Mukouyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, and Research Center for Photoenergetics of Organic Materials, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, and Research Center for Photoenergetics of Organic Materials, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shuji Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, and Research Center for Photoenergetics of Organic Materials, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nakato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Science, and Research Center for Photoenergetics of Organic Materials, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
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31
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Strasser P, Christoph J, Lin WF, Eiswirth M, Hudson JL. Standing Wave Oscillations in an Electrocatalytic Reaction. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp993061w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Strasser
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin (Dahlem), Germany
| | - Johannes Christoph
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin (Dahlem), Germany
| | - Wen-Feng Lin
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin (Dahlem), Germany
| | - Markus Eiswirth
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin (Dahlem), Germany
| | - John L. Hudson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Thornton Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903-2442
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32
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Lyon LA, Peña DJ, Natan MJ. Surface Plasmon Resonance of Au Colloid-Modified Au Films: Particle Size Dependence. J Phys Chem B 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp984739v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensing using colloidal Au enhancement is reported. Immobilization of approximately 11-nm-diameter colloidal Au to an evaporated Au film results in a large shift in plasmon angle, a broadened plasmon resonance, and an increase in minimum reflectance. The incorporation of colloidal Au into SPR biosensing results in increased SPR sensitivity to protein-protein interactions when a Au film-immobilized antibody and an antigen-colloidal Au conjugate comprise the binding pair. A highly specific particle-enhanced analogue of a sandwich immunoassay is also demonstrated by complexing the Au particle to a secondary antibody. A tremendous signal amplification is observed, as addition of the antibody-Au colloid conjugate results in a 25-fold larger signal than that due to addition of a free antibody solution that is 6 orders of magnitude more concentrated. Picomolar detection of human immunoglobulin G has been realized using particle enhancement, with the theoretical limits for the technique being much lower. Finally, a quasi-linear relationship between particle coverage and plasmon angle shift is presented, thereby providing for a direct correlation between plasmon shift and solution antigen concentration. Together, these results represent significant advances in the generality and sensitivity of SPR as it is applied to biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Lyon
- Department of Chemistry, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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34
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Grauel P, Christoph J, Flätgen G, Krischer K. Stationary Potential Patterns during the Reduction of Peroxodisulfate at Ag Ring Electrodes. J Phys Chem B 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jp982841m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Grauel
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin (Dahlem), Germany
| | - Jan Christoph
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin (Dahlem), Germany
| | - Georg Flätgen
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin (Dahlem), Germany
| | - Katharina Krischer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin (Dahlem), Germany
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Fei
- Department of Chemical Engineering Thornton Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903-2442
| | - J. L. Hudson
- Department of Chemical Engineering Thornton Hall, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903-2442
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37
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Abstract
▪ Abstract This review focuses on the characterization of interfaces, specifically on the optical methods of characterization that utilize some form of spatial localization to circumvent the special problems accruing to interfaces. Experiments utilizing radiation in only the infrared through the ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are considered. We specifically exclude the vast and important array of experimental techniques that utilize the vacuum ultraviolet and X-ray spectral regions. In addition, the interfaces considered are those composed of solids with liquids, thin films, and other solids, thus largely ignoring the literature of ultrahigh vacuum surface science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W. Bohn
- Department of Chemistry, Materials Research Laboratory and Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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39
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Mazouz N, Krischer K, Flätgen G, Ertl G. Synchronization and Pattern Formation in Electrochemical Oscillators: Model Calculations. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp962659q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Mazouz
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin (Dahlem), Germany
| | - Katharina Krischer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin (Dahlem), Germany
| | - Georg Flätgen
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin (Dahlem), Germany
| | - Gerhard Ertl
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin (Dahlem), Germany
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40
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Härtinger S, Rosenmund J, Savinova E, Wasle S, Doblhofer K. Electrocatalytic Reduction of Peroxodisulfate in 0.5 M NaOH at Copper Electrodes. A Combined Quartz Microbalance and Rotating Ring/Disc Electrode Investigation. J Phys Chem B 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9627279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Härtinger
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
| | - J. Rosenmund
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
| | - E. Savinova
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
| | - S. Wasle
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
| | - K. Doblhofer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
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41
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Smolin S, Imbihl R. Hydrodynamic Modes of the “Beating Mercury Heart” in Varying Geometries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9616425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Smolin
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3-3a, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - R. Imbihl
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie und Elektrochemie, Universität Hannover, Callinstr. 3-3a, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
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42
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Spatio-temporal pattern formation during the reduction of peroxodisulfate in the bistable and oscillatory regime: a surface plasmon microscopy study. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(96)04511-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Flätgen G, Krischer K. A general model for pattern formation in electrode reactions. J Chem Phys 1995. [DOI: 10.1063/1.470578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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