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Abstract
This paper investigates the evolution of orbits around Jupiter and designs a sun-synchronous repeating ground track orbit. In the dynamical models, the leading terms of the Jupiter’s oblateness are J2 and J4 terms. A reasonable range of ground track repetition parameter Q is given and the best observation orbit elements are selected. Meanwhile, the disturbing function acting on the navigation spacecraft is the atmospheric drag and the third body. The law of altitude decay of the spacecraft’s semimajor orbit axis caused by the atmospheric drag is studied, and the inclination perturbation caused by the sun’s gravity is analyzed. This paper designs a semimajor axis compensation strategy to maintain the orbit’s repeatability and proposes an initial inclination prebiased strategy to limit the local time at the descending node in a permitted range. In particular, these two methods are combined in the context of sun-synchronous repeating ground track orbit for better observation of the surface of Jupiter.
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Drossart P. H 3+ as an ionospheric sounder of Jupiter and giant planets: an observational perspective. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2019; 377:20180404. [PMID: 31378186 PMCID: PMC6710887 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2018.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Thirty years of observations of [Formula: see text] on Jupiter have addressed many complex questions about the physics of the ionospheres of the giant planets. Spectroscopy, imaging and imaging spectroscopy in the infrared have allowed investigators to retrieve fundamental parameters of the ionosphere, overcoming the inherent limitations and complexities in radiative transfer, and these results are now introduced as model constraints for upper atmospheric structure and dynamics. This paper will focus on the mid-latitude emissions, which are fainter and less well studied than the auroral regions. A new analysis of VLT/ISAAC spectral imaging observations of Jupiter obtained in 2000 at 3.5 µm is presented and discussed in comparison with previous observations to show the spatial distribution of [Formula: see text] emissions compared with other atmospheric structures. Cylindrical maps of Jupiter in three different selected wavelengths show the spatial variations at different altitudes in the atmosphere, from cloud level up to the ionosphere. Evidence for fluctuations in the [Formula: see text] emissions could be due to the presence of stationary or dynamic processes. If the exact origin of these phenomena remains unidentified, several plausible mechanisms are proposed to explain the observed energy deposition and variability: future observation campaigns should deepen the understanding of these complex phenomena, in order to prepare for the future ESA/JUICE mission. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Advances in hydrogen molecular ions: H3+, H5+ and beyond'.
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Stallard TS, Melin H, Miller S, Moore L, O'Donoghue J, Connerney JEP, Satoh T, West RA, Thayer JP, Hsu VW, Johnson RE. The Great Cold Spot in Jupiter's upper atmosphere. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 44:3000-3008. [PMID: 28603321 PMCID: PMC5439487 DOI: 10.1002/2016gl071956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Past observations and modeling of Jupiter's thermosphere have, due to their limited resolution, suggested that heat generated by the aurora near the poles results in a smooth thermal gradient away from these aurorae, indicating a quiescent and diffuse flow of energy within the subauroral thermosphere. Here we discuss Very Large Telescope-Cryogenic High-Resolution IR Echelle Spectrometer observations that reveal a small-scale localized cooling of ~200 K within the nonauroral thermosphere. Using Infrared Telescope Facility NSFCam images, this feature is revealed to be quasi-stable over at least a 15 year period, fixed in magnetic latitude and longitude. The size and shape of this "Great Cold Spot" vary significantly with time, strongly suggesting that it is produced by an aurorally generated weather system: the first direct evidence of a long-term thermospheric vortex in the solar system. We discuss the implications of this spot, comparing it with short-term temperature and density variations at Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom S. Stallard
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Henrik Melin
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Steve Miller
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Luke Moore
- Center for Space PhysicsBoston UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | | | - Takehiko Satoh
- Institute of Space and Astronautical ScienceJAXASagamiharaJapan
| | - Robert A. West
- Jet Propulsion LaboratoryCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jeffrey P. Thayer
- Aerospace Engineering SciencesUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Vicki W. Hsu
- Aerospace Engineering SciencesUniversity of Colorado BoulderBoulderColoradoUSA
| | - Rosie E. Johnson
- Department of Physics and AstronomyUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
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Tao C, Fujiwara H, Kasaba Y. Neutral wind control of the Jovian magnetosphere-ionosphere current system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Tao
- Department of Geophysics; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - Hitoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Geophysics; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
| | - Yasumasa Kasaba
- Department of Geophysics; Tohoku University; Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi Japan
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Leighton TG. Fluid loading effects for acoustical sensors in the atmospheres of Mars, Venus, Titan, and Jupiter. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2009; 125:EL214-EL219. [PMID: 19425625 DOI: 10.1121/1.3104628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper shows that corrections for fluid loading must be undertaken to Earth-based calibrations for planetary probe sensors, which rely on accurate and precise predictions of mechanical vibrations. These sensors include acoustical instrumentation, and sensors for the mass change resulting from species accumulation upon oscillating plates. Some published designs are particularly susceptible (an example leading to around an octave error in the frequency calibration for Venus is shown). Because such corrections have not previously been raised, and would be almost impossible to incorporate into drop tests of probes, this paper demonstrates the surprising results of applying well-established formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Leighton
- Institute of Sound and Vibration Research, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
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Jones ST, Su YJ. Role of dispersive Alfvén waves in generating parallel electric fields along the Io-Jupiter fluxtube. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008ja013512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. T. Jones
- Department of Physics; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
| | - Y.-J. Su
- Department of Physics; University of Texas at Arlington; Arlington Texas USA
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Avenier P, Lesage A, Taoufik M, Baudouin A, Mallmann AD, Fiddy S, Vautier M, Veyre L, Basset JM, Emsley L, Quadrelli EA. Well-Defined Surface Imido Amido Tantalum(V) Species from Ammonia and Silica-Supported Tantalum Hydrides. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 129:176-86. [PMID: 17199297 DOI: 10.1021/ja0666809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The MCM-41 supported hydrides [([triple bond]SiO)(2)TaH(3)], 1a, and [([triple bond]SiO)(2)TaH(3)], 1b, cleave N-H bonds of ammonia at room temperature to yield the well-defined imido amido surface complexes [([triple bond]SiO)(2)Ta(NH)(NH(2))], 2, and 2xNH(3). Additionally, the surface silanes [[triple bond]Si-H] that exist in close proximity to 1a and 1b also react with ammonia at room temperature to give the surface silylamido [Si-NH(2)]. Such reaction is tantalum assisted: surface silanes were synthesized independently and in absence of tantalum by reaction of highly strained silica, SiO(2-1000), with SiH(4) and no reaction with ammonia was observed. Surface-supported complexes 2, 2xNH(3), and [[triple bond]Si-NH(2)] have been characterized by, inter alia, solid-state NMR, IR, and EXAFS and independent synthesis of [[triple bond]Si-NH(2)]. The NMR studies on the fully 15N-labeled samples have led to unambiguous discrimination between imido, amido, and amino resonances of 2*, 2*x(15)NH(3), and [[triple bond]Si-15NH(2)] through the combination of solid-state magic angle spinning (MAS), heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR), 2D proton double-quantum (DQ) single-quantum (SQ) correlation, and 2D proton triple-quantum (TQ) single-quantum (SQ) correlation spectra. The in situ IR monitoring of the reaction of 1a and 1b with regular NH(3) and 15NH(3), and after H/D exchange has yielded the determination of all the NH(x) vibration and deformation modes, with their respective H/D and 14N/15N isotopic shifts. EXAFS study yielded the bond distances in 2 of 1.79(2) Angstrom for Ta=N, 1.89(1) Angstrom for Ta-O, and 1.98(2) Angstrom for Ta-N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Avenier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface, UMR-9986 CNRS-CPE, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, BP 2077 F, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Bini F, Rosier C, Saint-Arroman RP, Neumann E, Dablemont C, de Mallmann A, Lefebvre F, Niccolai GP, Basset JM, Crocker M, Buijink JK. Surface Organometallic Chemistry of Titanium: Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of (⋮Si−O)nTi(CH2C(CH3)3)4-n (n = 1, 2) Grafted on Aerosil Silica and MCM-41. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om050675g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Bini
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon) 43, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Shell International Chemicals, Shell Research and Technology Center Amsterdam, P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cécile Rosier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon) 43, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Shell International Chemicals, Shell Research and Technology Center Amsterdam, P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Romain Petroff Saint-Arroman
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon) 43, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Shell International Chemicals, Shell Research and Technology Center Amsterdam, P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Neumann
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon) 43, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Shell International Chemicals, Shell Research and Technology Center Amsterdam, P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Céline Dablemont
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon) 43, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Shell International Chemicals, Shell Research and Technology Center Amsterdam, P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aimery de Mallmann
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon) 43, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Shell International Chemicals, Shell Research and Technology Center Amsterdam, P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon) 43, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Shell International Chemicals, Shell Research and Technology Center Amsterdam, P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerald P. Niccolai
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon) 43, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Shell International Chemicals, Shell Research and Technology Center Amsterdam, P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon) 43, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Shell International Chemicals, Shell Research and Technology Center Amsterdam, P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Crocker
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon) 43, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Shell International Chemicals, Shell Research and Technology Center Amsterdam, P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Karel Buijink
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ENSCPE Lyon) 43, boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and Shell International Chemicals, Shell Research and Technology Center Amsterdam, P.O. Box 38000, 1030 BN Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Oskolkov NN, Potemkin II. Spontaneous Charge Inversion of a Microgel Particle by Complexation with Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolytes. Macromolecules 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0605649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. N. Oskolkov
- Physics Department, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia, and Department of Polymer Science, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - I. I. Potemkin
- Physics Department, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia, and Department of Polymer Science, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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Soignier S, Taoufik M, Le Roux E, Saggio G, Dablemont C, Baudouin A, Lefebvre F, de Mallmann A, Thivolle-Cazat J, Basset JM, Sunley G, Maunders BM. Tantalum Hydrides Supported on MCM-41 Mesoporous Silica: Activation of Methane and Thermal Evolution of the Tantalum-Methyl Species. Organometallics 2006. [DOI: 10.1021/om050609e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Soignier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ESCPE Lyon), ESCPE Lyon, F-308, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, BP Chemicals Ltd, Hull Research and Technology Center, Saltend, Hull, HU128DS, U.K., and BP Chemicals Ltd, Chertsey Road Sunbury On Thames, Middlesex, TW16 7LL, U.K
| | - Mostafa Taoufik
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ESCPE Lyon), ESCPE Lyon, F-308, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, BP Chemicals Ltd, Hull Research and Technology Center, Saltend, Hull, HU128DS, U.K., and BP Chemicals Ltd, Chertsey Road Sunbury On Thames, Middlesex, TW16 7LL, U.K
| | - Erwan Le Roux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ESCPE Lyon), ESCPE Lyon, F-308, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, BP Chemicals Ltd, Hull Research and Technology Center, Saltend, Hull, HU128DS, U.K., and BP Chemicals Ltd, Chertsey Road Sunbury On Thames, Middlesex, TW16 7LL, U.K
| | - Guillaume Saggio
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ESCPE Lyon), ESCPE Lyon, F-308, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, BP Chemicals Ltd, Hull Research and Technology Center, Saltend, Hull, HU128DS, U.K., and BP Chemicals Ltd, Chertsey Road Sunbury On Thames, Middlesex, TW16 7LL, U.K
| | - Céline Dablemont
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ESCPE Lyon), ESCPE Lyon, F-308, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, BP Chemicals Ltd, Hull Research and Technology Center, Saltend, Hull, HU128DS, U.K., and BP Chemicals Ltd, Chertsey Road Sunbury On Thames, Middlesex, TW16 7LL, U.K
| | - Anne Baudouin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ESCPE Lyon), ESCPE Lyon, F-308, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, BP Chemicals Ltd, Hull Research and Technology Center, Saltend, Hull, HU128DS, U.K., and BP Chemicals Ltd, Chertsey Road Sunbury On Thames, Middlesex, TW16 7LL, U.K
| | - Frederic Lefebvre
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ESCPE Lyon), ESCPE Lyon, F-308, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, BP Chemicals Ltd, Hull Research and Technology Center, Saltend, Hull, HU128DS, U.K., and BP Chemicals Ltd, Chertsey Road Sunbury On Thames, Middlesex, TW16 7LL, U.K
| | - Aimery de Mallmann
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ESCPE Lyon), ESCPE Lyon, F-308, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, BP Chemicals Ltd, Hull Research and Technology Center, Saltend, Hull, HU128DS, U.K., and BP Chemicals Ltd, Chertsey Road Sunbury On Thames, Middlesex, TW16 7LL, U.K
| | - Jean Thivolle-Cazat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ESCPE Lyon), ESCPE Lyon, F-308, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, BP Chemicals Ltd, Hull Research and Technology Center, Saltend, Hull, HU128DS, U.K., and BP Chemicals Ltd, Chertsey Road Sunbury On Thames, Middlesex, TW16 7LL, U.K
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ESCPE Lyon), ESCPE Lyon, F-308, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, BP Chemicals Ltd, Hull Research and Technology Center, Saltend, Hull, HU128DS, U.K., and BP Chemicals Ltd, Chertsey Road Sunbury On Thames, Middlesex, TW16 7LL, U.K
| | - Glenn Sunley
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ESCPE Lyon), ESCPE Lyon, F-308, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, BP Chemicals Ltd, Hull Research and Technology Center, Saltend, Hull, HU128DS, U.K., and BP Chemicals Ltd, Chertsey Road Sunbury On Thames, Middlesex, TW16 7LL, U.K
| | - Barry M. Maunders
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface (UMR 9986 CNRS/ESCPE Lyon), ESCPE Lyon, F-308, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, BP Chemicals Ltd, Hull Research and Technology Center, Saltend, Hull, HU128DS, U.K., and BP Chemicals Ltd, Chertsey Road Sunbury On Thames, Middlesex, TW16 7LL, U.K
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Calò V, Nacci A, Monopoli A, Ieva E, Cioffi N. Copper Bronze Catalyzed Heck Reaction in Ionic Liquids. Org Lett 2005; 7:617-20. [PMID: 15704908 DOI: 10.1021/ol047593t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heck reaction of aryl iodides and activated aryl bromides catalyzed by copper bronze in tetrabutylammonium bromide as solvent and tetrabutylammonium acetate as base was developed. The effective catalysts are Cu nanoparticles deriving from the reaction of iodobenzene with copper bronze. These nanoparticles are very stable in tetraalkylammonium salts, are easily recycled, and can be stored for months without a loss of catalytic efficiency. [reaction: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calò
- CNR-ICCOM, Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, via Orabona, 4-70126 Bari, Italy.
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Sadow AD, Tilley TD. Synthesis and Characterization of Scandium Silyl Complexes of the Type Cp*2ScSiHRR‘. σ-Bond Metathesis Reactions and Catalytic Dehydrogenative Silation of Hydrocarbons. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 127:643-56. [PMID: 15643889 DOI: 10.1021/ja040141r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The scandium dihydrosilyl complexes Cp*(2)ScSiH(2)R (R = Mes (4), Trip (5), SiPh(3) (6), Si(SiMe(3))(3) (7); Mes = 2,4,6-Me(3)C(6)H(2), Trip = 2,4,6-(i)()Pr(3)C(6)H(2)) and Cp*(2)ScSiH(SiMe(3))(2) (8) were synthesized by addition of the appropriate hydrosilane to Cp*(2)ScMe (1). Studies of these complexes in the context of hydrocarbon activation led to discovery of catalytic processes for the dehydrogenative silation of hydrocarbons (including methane, isobutene and cyclopropane) with Ph(2)SiH(2) via sigma-bond metathesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Sadow
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, USA
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13
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Le Roux E, Chabanas M, Baudouin A, de Mallmann A, Copéret C, Quadrelli EA, Thivolle-Cazat J, Basset JM, Lukens W, Lesage A, Emsley L, Sunley GJ. Detailed Structural Investigation of the Grafting of [Ta(CHtBu)(CH2tBu)3] and [Cp*TaMe4] on Silica Partially Dehydroxylated at 700 °C and the Activity of the Grafted Complexes toward Alkane Metathesis. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:13391-9. [PMID: 15479095 DOI: 10.1021/ja046486r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of [Ta(=CHtBu)(CH2tBu)3] or [Cp*Ta(CH3)4] with a silica partially dehydroxylated at 700 degrees C gives the corresponding monosiloxy surface complexes [([triple bond]SiO)Ta(=CHtBu)(CH2tBu)2] and [([triple bond]SiO)Ta(CH3)3Cp*] by eliminating a sigma-bonded ligand as the corresponding alkane (H-CH2tBu or H-CH3). EXAFS data show that an adjacent siloxane bridge of the surface plays the role of an extra surface ligand, which most likely stabilizes these complexes as in [([triple bond]SiO)Ta(=CHtBu)(CH2tBu)2([triple bond]SiOSi[triple bond])] (1a') and [([triple bond]SiO)Ta(CH3)3Cp*([triple bond]SiOSi[triple bond])] (2a'). In the case of [(SiO)Ta(=CHtBu)(CH2tBu)2([triple bond]SiOSi[triple bond])], the structure is further stabilized by an additional interaction: a C-H agostic bond as evidenced by the small J coupling constant for the carbenic C-H (JC-H = 80 Hz), which was measured by J-resolved 2D solid-state NMR spectroscopy. The product selectivity in propane metathesis in the presence of [([triple bond]SiO)Ta(=CHtBu)(CH2tBu)2([triple bond]SiOSi[triple bond])] (1a') as a catalyst precursor and the inactivity of the surface complex [([triple bond]SiO)Ta(CH3)3Cp*([triple bond]SiOSi[triple bond])] (2a') show that the active site is required to be highly electrophilic and probably involves a metallacyclobutane intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwan Le Roux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface, UMR 9986 CNRS/ESCPE Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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14
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Fujdala KL, Drake IJ, Bell AT, Tilley TD. Atomic Level Control over Surface Species via a Molecular Precursor Approach: Isolated Cu(I) Sites and Cu Nanoparticles Supported on Mesoporous Silica. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:10864-6. [PMID: 15339170 DOI: 10.1021/ja048701+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A nonaqueous molecular precursor grafting approach was employed for the generation of well-defined surface structures featuring Cu on a mesoporous silica support. X-ray absorption measurements (XANES and EXAFS) were used to determine that [CuOSi(OtBu)3]4 provided 100% isolated Cu(I) sites upon grafting (without thermal treatment), whereas [CuOtBu]4 gave isolated species with most of the original Cu-O-Cu linkages intact, but in a more relaxed straight chain form. Upon heating under inert conditions, the vast majority of Cu in the materials from [CuOSi(OtBu)3]4 remained as isolated Cu(I) sites (up to 88% isolation), with significant stabilization provided from the -OSi(OtBu)3 ligands. In stark contrast, approximately 100% of the Cu in the materials generated from [CuOtBu]4 was readily reduced upon heating, forming isolated Cu metal particles with an average diameter of 0.7 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle L Fujdala
- Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of California-Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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15
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Saggio G, de Mallmann A, Maunders B, Taoufik M, Thivolle-Cazat J, Basset JM. Synthesis, Characterization, and Reactivity of the Highly Unsaturated Silica-Supported Trisiloxy Tantalum: (⋮SiO)3Ta(III). Organometallics 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/om020376g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Saggio
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface, UMR CNRS-CPE 9986, 43, Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cédex, France, and BP Chemicals, Poplar House, Chertsey Road, Sunbury on Thames, Middlesex TW16 7LL, England
| | - Aimery de Mallmann
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface, UMR CNRS-CPE 9986, 43, Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cédex, France, and BP Chemicals, Poplar House, Chertsey Road, Sunbury on Thames, Middlesex TW16 7LL, England
| | - Barry Maunders
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface, UMR CNRS-CPE 9986, 43, Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cédex, France, and BP Chemicals, Poplar House, Chertsey Road, Sunbury on Thames, Middlesex TW16 7LL, England
| | - Mostafa Taoufik
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface, UMR CNRS-CPE 9986, 43, Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cédex, France, and BP Chemicals, Poplar House, Chertsey Road, Sunbury on Thames, Middlesex TW16 7LL, England
| | - Jean Thivolle-Cazat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface, UMR CNRS-CPE 9986, 43, Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cédex, France, and BP Chemicals, Poplar House, Chertsey Road, Sunbury on Thames, Middlesex TW16 7LL, England
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface, UMR CNRS-CPE 9986, 43, Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cédex, France, and BP Chemicals, Poplar House, Chertsey Road, Sunbury on Thames, Middlesex TW16 7LL, England
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Ahn H, Marks TJ. High-resolution solid-state (13)C NMR studies of chemisorbed organometallics. Chemisorptive formation of cation-like and alkylidene organotantalum complexes on high surface area inorganic oxides. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:7103-10. [PMID: 12059235 DOI: 10.1021/ja0123204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
(13)C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the surface chemistry of the organotantalum hydrocarbyl/alkylidene complexes, Cp'Ta((13)CH(3))(4) (1*), Cp(2)Ta((13)CH(3))(3) (2*), Cp(2)Ta((13)CH(2))((13)CH(3)) (3*), and Ta((13)CH(t)Bu)((13)CH(2)(t)Bu)(3) (4*) [Cp' = eta(5)-(CH(3))(5)C(5), Cp = eta(5)-C(5)H(5)] supported on partially dehydroxylated silica (PDS), dehydroxylated silica (DS), or dehydroxylated gamma-alumina (DA). Mono-Cp tantalum hydrocarbyl 1* undergoes chemisorption to form Cp'Ta((13)CH(3))(3)O-Si mu-oxo species on silica, and "cation-like" Cp'Ta((13)CH(3))(3)(+) and Cp'Ta((13)CH(3))(3)O-Al mu-oxo species on DA, via pathways analogous to those established for organo-group 4 and actinide complexes. When supported on DA, bis-Cp tantalum hydrocarbyl 2* follows the same chemisorption mode as 1*. However, when 2* is chemisorbed on PDS and DS, a "cation-like" Cp(2)Ta((13)CH(3))(2)(+) species is the major adsorbate product. On PDS, bis-Cp tantalum alkylidene complex 3* is converted predominantly to a stable "cation-like" Cp(2)Ta((13)CH(3))(2)(+) species, presumably via electrophilic addition of a proton from the PDS surface. In contrast to 3*, Ta alkylidene complex 4* forms predominantly a Ta((13)CH(t)Bu)((13)CH(2)(t)Bu)(2)O-Si, mu-oxo-alkylidene species on PDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongsang Ahn
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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Fokin AA, Schreiner PR. Selective alkane transformations via radicals and radical cations: insights into the activation step from experiment and theory. Chem Rev 2002; 102:1551-94. [PMID: 11996544 DOI: 10.1021/cr000453m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Fokin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Kiev Polytechnic Institute, 37 Pobedy Avenue, 03056 Kiev, Ukraine.
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Taoufik M, de Mallmann A, Prouzet E, Saggio G, Thivolle-Cazat J, Basset JM. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Silica-Supported Trimethylphosphine Disiloxy Tantalum Hydride, (⋮SiO)2TaH(PMe3). Organometallics 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/om010188a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Taoufik
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface, UMR CNRS-CPE 9986, 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and LMPM-IEM (UMR CNRS 5635), CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Aimery de Mallmann
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface, UMR CNRS-CPE 9986, 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and LMPM-IEM (UMR CNRS 5635), CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Eric Prouzet
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface, UMR CNRS-CPE 9986, 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and LMPM-IEM (UMR CNRS 5635), CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Guillaume Saggio
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface, UMR CNRS-CPE 9986, 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and LMPM-IEM (UMR CNRS 5635), CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean Thivolle-Cazat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface, UMR CNRS-CPE 9986, 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and LMPM-IEM (UMR CNRS 5635), CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Marie Basset
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organométallique de Surface, UMR CNRS-CPE 9986, 43, Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69616 Villeurbanne Cedex, France, and LMPM-IEM (UMR CNRS 5635), CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Perry JJ, Kim YH, Fox JL, Porter HS. Chemistry of the Jovian auroral ionosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999je900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sada PV, Bjoraker GL, Jennings DE, McCabe GH, Romani PN. Observations of CH4, C2H6, and C2H2 in the stratosphere of Jupiter. ICARUS 1998; 136:192-201. [PMID: 11878354 DOI: 10.1006/icar.1998.6021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have performed high-resolution spectral observations at mid-infrared wavelengths of CH4 (8.14 micrometers), C2H6 (12.16 micrometers), and C2H2 (13.45 micrometers) on Jupiter. These emission features probe the stratosphere of the planet and provide information on the carbon-based photochemical processes taking place in that region of the atmosphere. The observations were performed using our cryogenic echelle spectrometer CELESTE, in conjunction with the McMath-Pierce 1.5-m solar telescope between November 1994 and February 1995. We used the methane observations to derive the temperature profile of the jovian atmosphere in the 1-10 mbar region of the stratosphere. This profile was then used in conjunction with height-dependent mixing ratios of each hydrocarbon to determine global abundances for ethane and acetylene. The resulting mixing ratios are 3.9(+1.9)(-1.3) x 10(-6) for C2H6 (5 mbar pressure level), and 2.3 +/- 0.5 x 10(-8) for C2H2 (8 mbar pressure level), where the quoted uncertainties are derived from model variations in the temperature profile which match the methane observation uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Sada
- Planetary Systems Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
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Orton GS, Fisher BM, Baines KH, Stewart ST, Friedson AJ, Ortiz JL, Marinova M, Ressler M, Dayal A, Hoffmann W, Hora J, Hinkley S, Krishnan V, Masanovic M, Tesic J, Tziolas A, Parija KC. Characteristics of the Galileo probe entry site from Earth-based remote sensing observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98je02380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Seiff A, Kirk DB, Knight TCD, Young RE, Mihalov JD, Young LA, Milos FS, Schubert G, Blanchard RC, Atkinson D. Thermal structure of Jupiter's atmosphere near the edge of a 5-μm hot spot in the north equatorial belt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98je01766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ajello J, Shemansky D, Pryor W, Tobiska K, Hord C, Stephens S, Stewart I, Clarke J, Simmons K, McClintock W, Barth C, Gebben J, Miller D, Sandel B. Galileo orbiter ultraviolet observations of Jupiter aurora. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98je00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Achilleos N, Miller S, Tennyson J, Aylward AD, Mueller-Wodarg I, Rees D. JIM: A time-dependent, three-dimensional model of Jupiter's thermosphere and ionosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98je00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hinson DP, Twicken JD, Karayel ET. Jupiter's ionosphere: New results from Voyager 2 radio occultation measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja03689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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