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Pysanenko A, Huss T, Fárník M, Lengyel J. Effect of Hydration on Electron Attachment to Methanesulfonic Acid Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1542-1550. [PMID: 35230848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c00221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We report an experimental and computational study of the electron-induced chemistry of methanesulfonic acid (MSA, MeSO3H) in clusters. We combine the mass spectra after the 70 eV electron ionization with the negative ion spectra after electron attachment (EA) at low electron energies of 0-15 eV of the MSA molecule, small MSA clusters, and microhydrated MSA clusters to reveal the solvation effects. The MSA/He coexpansion only generates small MSA clusters with up to four molecules, but adding water substantially hydrates the MSA clusters, resulting in clusters composed of 1-2 MSA molecules accompanied by quite a few water molecules. The clustering strongly suppresses the fragmentation of the MSA molecules upon both the positive ionization and EA. The electron-energy-dependent ion yield for different negative ions is measured. For the MSA molecule and pure MSA clusters, EA leads to an H-abstraction yielding MeSO3-. It proceeds efficiently at low electron energies below 2 eV with a shoulder at 3-4 eV and a broad, almost 2 orders of magnitude weaker, peak around 8 eV. The hydrated (H2O)nMeSO3- ions with n ≤ 3 exhibit only a broad peak around 7 eV similar to EA of pure water clusters. Thus, for the small clusters, the electron attachment and hydrogen abstraction from water occur. On the other hand, the larger clusters with n > 4 display a peak below 2 eV, which quickly dominates the spectrum with increasing n. This peak is related to the formation of the H3O+·MeSO3- ion pair upon hydration and subsequent dipole-supported electron attachment followed by the hydronium neutralization and H3O• radical dissociation. The size-resolved experimental data indicate that the ionic dissociation of MSA starts to occur in the neutral MeSO3H(H2O)N clusters with about four water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Pysanenko
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tabea Huss
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Michal Fárník
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Lengyel
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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2
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Mitra S, Duong CH, McCaslin LM, Gerber RB, Johnson MA. Isomer-specific cryogenic ion vibrational spectroscopy of the D 2 tagged Cs +(HNO 3)(H 2O) n=0-2 complexes: ion-driven enhancement of the acidic H-bond to water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4501-4507. [PMID: 32068217 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06689f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report how the binary HNO3(H2O) interaction is modified upon complexation with a nearby Cs+ ion. Isomer-selective IR photodissociation spectra of the D2-tagged, ternary Cs+(HNO3)H2O cation confirms that two structural isomers are generated in the cryogenic ion source. In one of these, both HNO3 and H2O are directly coordinated to the ion, while in the other, the water molecule is attached to the OH group of the acid, which in turn binds to Cs+ with its -NO2 group. The acidic OH stretching fundamental in the latter isomer displays a ∼300 cm-1 red-shift relative to that in the neutral H-bonded van der Waals complex, HNO3(H2O). This behavior is analyzed with the aid of electronic structure calculations and discussed in the context of the increased effective acidity of HNO3 in the presence of the cation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayoni Mitra
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Chinh H Duong
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Laura M McCaslin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. and Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz-Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R Benny Gerber
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. and Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz-Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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3
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Verdes M. A systematic ab initio optimization of monohydrates of HCl•HNO 3•H 2SO 4 aggregates. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 86:256-263. [PMID: 30415121 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2018.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydrates of HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4 involved in polar stratospheric clouds capture the attention of researchers due to the mixtures composed with them. The molecular aggregates generated with these strong acids show different behaviors, geometries and nucleation reactions at atmospheric temperatures. Here is presented a systematic ab initio optimization study of monohydrates of HCl•HNO3•H2SO4 using the Density Functional Theory, by means of geometry optimizations carried out with B3LYP hybrid method and aug-cc-pVTZ basis set, a high level of theory, within Gaussian 09 program. This systematic optimization procedure consists to situate systematically the H2O molecule around the cluster in study, on the favorable positions to develop higher quantity of hydrogen bonds as possible, in order to obtain major quantity of different electronic structures of these monohydrates. Applying this systematic optimization methodology over previously optimized complexes of HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4, the present theoretical approach provides thirty-two different optimized electronic structures of monohydrates that were yielded from seven initial groups of (HCl•HNO3•H2SO4)-complex, placing the H2O in eight positions around them. Moreover, their Infrared spectra have been predicted for all (HCl•HNO3•H2SO4)-monohydrates achieved. Likewise, It is shown the outcomes of the electronic energies, relative Gibbs free energies, Infrared spectra, the wavenumbers of hydrogen bonds, inter-monomeric parameters, electronic structures of (HCl•HNO3•H2SO4)-monohydrates. These monohydrates could be considered precursors of the atmospheric heterogeneous nucleation reactions. These results can be useful to experimentalists of Catalysis, Astrophysics, Corrosion of metals and ceramics, aromatic compounds reactions, even environmental pollution and industrial smog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Verdes
- Autonomous University of Madrid, Sciences Faculty, Applied Physical Chemistry Department, C-14 Avda. Tomas y Valiente, 7, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Gao RS, Gierczak T, Thornberry TD, Rollins AW, Burkholder JB, Telg H, Voigt C, Peter T, Fahey DW. Persistent Water-Nitric Acid Condensate with Saturation Water Vapor Pressure Greater than That of Hexagonal Ice. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1431-40. [PMID: 26447682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b06357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A laboratory chilled mirror hygrometer (CMH), exposed to an airstream containing water vapor (H2O) and nitric acid (HNO3), has been used to demonstrate the existence of a persistent water-nitric acid condensate that has a saturation H2O vapor pressure greater than that of hexagonal ice (Ih). The condensate was routinely formed on the mirror by removing HNO3 from the airstream following the formation of an initial condensate on the mirror that resembled nitric acid trihydrate (NAT). Typical conditions for the formation of the persistent condensate were a H2O mixing ratio greater than 18 ppm, pressure of 128 hPa, and mirror temperature between 202 and 216 K. In steady-state operation, a CMH maintains a condensate of constant optical diffusivity on a mirror through control of only the mirror temperature. Maintaining the persistent condensate on the mirror required that the mirror temperature be below the H2O saturation temperature with respect to Ih by as much as 3 K, corresponding to up to 63% H2O supersaturation with respect to Ih. The condensate was observed to persist in steady state for up to 16 h. Compositional analysis of the condensate confirmed the co-condensation of H2O and HNO3 and thereby strongly supports the conclusion that the Ih supersaturation is due to residual HNO3 in the condensate. Although the exact structure or stoichiometry of the condensate could not be determined, other known stable phases of HNO3 and H2O are excluded as possible condensates. This persistent condensate, if it also forms in the upper tropical troposphere, might explain some of the high Ih supersaturations in cirrus and contrails that have been reported in the tropical tropopause region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Shan Gao
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Boulder, Colorado 80305-3337, United States
| | - Tomasz Gierczak
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Troy D Thornberry
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Boulder, Colorado 80305-3337, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Andrew W Rollins
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Boulder, Colorado 80305-3337, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - James B Burkholder
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Boulder, Colorado 80305-3337, United States
| | - Hagen Telg
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Boulder, Colorado 80305-3337, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Christiane Voigt
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre , Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - Thomas Peter
- Laboratorium für Atmosphärenphysik, ETH-Zurich , CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David W Fahey
- Earth System Research Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration , Boulder, Colorado 80305-3337, United States.,Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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5
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Weiss F, Kubel F, Gálvez Ó, Hoelzel M, Parker SF, Baloh P, Iannarelli R, Rossi MJ, Grothe H. Metastable Nitric Acid Trihydrate in Ice Clouds. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:3276-80. [PMID: 26879259 PMCID: PMC4819521 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The composition of high‐altitude ice clouds is still a matter of intense discussion. The constituents in question are ice and nitric acid hydrates, but the exact phase composition of clouds and its formation mechanisms are still unknown. In this work, conclusive evidence for a long‐predicted phase, alpha‐nitric acid trihydrate (alpha‐NAT), is presented. This phase was characterized by a combination of X‐ray and neutron diffraction experiments, allowing a convincing structure solution. Furthermore, vibrational spectra (infrared and inelastic neutron scattering) were recorded and compared with theoretical calculations. A strong interaction between water ice and alpha‐NAT was found, which explains the experimental spectra and the phase‐transition kinetics. On the basis of these results, we propose a new three‐step mechanism for NAT formation in high‐altitude ice clouds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Weiss
- Institut für Materialchemie, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, 1060, Wien, Austria
| | - Frank Kubel
- Institut für Chemische Technologie und Analytik, TU Wien, Austria
| | - Óscar Gálvez
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Markus Hoelzel
- Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II), Technische Universität München, Germany
| | - Stewart F Parker
- ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Philipp Baloh
- Institut für Materialchemie, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, 1060, Wien, Austria
| | - Riccardo Iannarelli
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Michel J Rossi
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Hinrich Grothe
- Institut für Materialchemie, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01, 1060, Wien, Austria.
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6
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Weiss F, Kubel F, Gálvez Ó, Hoelzel M, Parker SF, Baloh P, Iannarelli R, Rossi MJ, Grothe H. Metastabiles Salpetersäuretrihydrat in Eiswolken. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Weiss
- Institut für Materialchemie; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01 1060 Wien Österreich
| | - Frank Kubel
- Institut für Chemische Technologie und Analytik; TU Wien; Österreich
| | - Óscar Gálvez
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC; Madrid Spanien
| | - Markus Hoelzel
- Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II); Technische Universität München; Deutschland
| | - Stewart F. Parker
- ISIS Facility; STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton; Didcot OX11 0QX Großbritannien
| | - Philipp Baloh
- Institut für Materialchemie; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01 1060 Wien Österreich
| | - Riccardo Iannarelli
- Paul-Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry; 5232 Villigen Schweiz
| | - Michel J. Rossi
- Paul-Scherrer Institute, Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry; 5232 Villigen Schweiz
| | - Hinrich Grothe
- Institut für Materialchemie; Technische Universität Wien; Getreidemarkt 9/BC/01 1060 Wien Österreich
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7
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Verdes M, Paniagua M. Relative stabilities of HCl•H2SO4•HNO3 aggregates in polar stratospheric clouds. J Mol Model 2015; 21:78. [PMID: 25758341 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2611-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Strong acids such as HCl (C), HNO3 (N) and H2SO4 (S) acquire relevance in Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) and aerosols in which nucleation processes occur. Ab initio quantum chemical studies of aggregates were performed for these strong acids. Structures were calculated using DFT methods with the B3LYP hybrid functional and aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. As an initial constraint, an H2SO4 moiety was placed in all candidate structures. A total of 11 optimized structures was found: a global minimum (CSN-a) plus ten local minima on the Potential Energy Surface (PES). The global minimum aggregate gave four hydrogen bonds, yielding a hexagonal ring in its structure. HNO3 acts as proton donor in all clusters; nevertheless, using trans-H2SO4 as the proton donor yielded the most stable structures, whereas HCl acts mainly as a proton donor/acceptor. Real harmonic frequencies, IR spectra, and inter-monomeric parameters were obtained. CSN-a symmetric stretching modes were shifted to 2805.56 cm(-1) and 3520.00 cm(-1) for H-Cl modes, while O-H modes shifted to 3256.87 cm(-1) and 3362.47 cm(-1). On the other hand, relative stabilities improved for 5 of the 11 aggregates when the temperature decreased from 298 K to 210 K, 195 K and 188 K. The aggregate CSN-f remained unstable only at 210 K. Moreover, the relative Gibbs free energy, ΔG(0-298K) was -9.26 kcalmol(-1) with respect to CSN-a; relative reaction Gibbs free energy [Δ(ΔG)] values ranged from 0.0 at 298 K, to -6.9 kcalmol(-1) at 188 K. It seems that CSN aggregates remain slightly more stable than CNS aggregates with a HNO3 moiety when the temperature decreases from 298 to 188 K. Five structures remained relatively stable under both study conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Verdes
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, C-14, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain,
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8
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Verdes M, Paniagua M. Quantum chemical study of atmospheric aggregates: HCl•HNO3•H2SO4. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2232. [PMID: 24844391 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4 are implicated in atmospheric processes in areas such as polar stratospheric clouds in the stratosphere. Ternary complexes of HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4 were investigated by ab initio calculations at B3LYP level of theory with aug-cc-pVTZ and aug-cc-pVQZ basis sets, taking into account basis set superposition error (BSSE). The results were assessed in terms of structures (five hexagonal cyclic structures and two quasi-pentagonal cyclic structures), inter-monomeric parameters (all ternary complexes built three hydrogen bonds), energetics (seven minima obtained), infrared harmonic vibrational frequencies (red shifting of complexes from monomers), and relative stability of complexes, which were favorable when the temperature decreases under stratospheric conditions, from 298 K to 188 K, and in concrete, at 210 K, 195 K and 188 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Verdes
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, C-14, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049, Madrid, Spain,
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9
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Riikonen S, Parkkinen P, Halonen L, Gerber RB. Ionization of Nitric Acid on Crystalline Ice: The Role of Defects and Collective Proton Movement. J Phys Chem Lett 2013; 4:1850-1855. [PMID: 26283120 DOI: 10.1021/jz400531q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ionization of nitric acid (HNO3) on a model ice surface is studied using ab initio molecular dynamics at temperatures of 200 and 40 K with a surface slab model that consists of the ideal ice basal plane with locally optimized and annealed defects. Pico- and subpicosecond ionization of nitric acid can be achieved in the defect sites. Key features of the rapid ionization are (a) the efficient solvation of the polyatomic nitrate anion, by stealing hydrogen bonds from the weakened hydrogen bonds at defect sites, (b) formation of contact ion pairs to stable "presolvated" molecular species that are present at the defects,
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Affiliation(s)
- S Riikonen
- †Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Parkkinen
- †Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Halonen
- †Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - R B Gerber
- †Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- ‡Institute of Chemistry and the Fritz Haber Research Center, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904 Israel
- §Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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Achtert P, Khosrawi F, Blum U, Fricke KH. Investigation of polar stratospheric clouds in January 2008 by means of ground-based and spaceborne lidar measurements and microphysical box model simulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Schmale J, Schneider J, Jurkat T, Voigt C, Kalesse H, Rautenhaus M, Lichtenstern M, Schlager H, Ancellet G, Arnold F, Gerding M, Mattis I, Wendisch M, Borrmann S. Aerosol layers from the 2008 eruptions of Mount Okmok and Mount Kasatochi: In situ upper troposphere and lower stratosphere measurements of sulfate and organics over Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Allan DR, Marshall WG, Francis DJ, Oswald IDH, Pulham CR, Spanswick C. The crystal structures of the low-temperature and high-pressure polymorphs of nitric acid. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:3736-43. [PMID: 20354626 DOI: 10.1039/b923975h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A new high-pressure phase of pure nitric acid (HNO(3)) has been characterised at 1.6 GPa at room temperature by high-pressure neutron powder and X-ray single-crystal diffraction techniques. This is the first crystalline phase obtained upon compression of liquid nitric acid at room temperature and appears to be the stable phase up to pressures of at least 4 GPa. The crystal structure of this new phase shows some similarities to that of the low-temperature phase of nitric acid at ambient pressure, which has been redetermined as part of this study. Both structures share a herringbone packing of hydrogen-bonded molecular catemers, although the presence of disorder within the hydrogen bonds within one of the catemers of the low-temperature phase makes its structure comparatively more complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Allan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Oxfordshire, Didcot, UK OX11 0CE.
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13
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Adhikari L, Wang Z, Liu D. Microphysical properties of Antarctic polar stratospheric clouds and their dependence on tropospheric cloud systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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14
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Gómez PC, Gálvez O, Mosteo RG, Puzzarini C, Escribano R. Clusters of atmospheric relevance: H2O/HCl/HNO3. Prediction of IR & MW spectra. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:4617-24. [DOI: 10.1039/b924890k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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15
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Martín-Llorente B, Fernández-Torre D, Escribano R. Theoretical study on hydrogen-bond effects in IR spectra of high- and low-temperature phases of nitric acid dihydrate. Chemphyschem 2009; 10:3229-38. [PMID: 19852014 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200900446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The low- and high-temperature phases (alpha and beta, respectively) of solid nitric acid dihydrate (NAD) are studied in depth by DFT methods. Each phase contains two types of complex structures (H(3)O(+)) x (H(2)O), designated A and B, with different hydrogen-bonding (HB) characteristics. The theoretical study reveals that type A complexes are weakly bound and could be described as (H(3)O)(+) and H(2)O aggregates, with decoupled vibrational modes, whereas in type B structures the proton is situated close to the centre of the O...O bond and induces strong vibrational coupling. The proton-transfer mode is predicted at quite different wavenumbers in each complex, which provides an important differentiating spectral feature, together with splitting of some bands in beta-NAD. Theoretical spectra are estimated by using two GGA parameterizations, namely, PBE and BLYP. The potential-energy surface for each type of HB in NAD is also studied, as is the spectral influence of displacement of the shared H atom along the O-O bond. The results are compared to literature infrared spectra recorded by different techniques, namely, transmission and reflection-absorption, with both normal and tilted incident radiation. This work provides a thorough assignment of the observed spectra, and predictions for some spectra not yet available. The usefulness of high-level theoretical calculations as performed herein to discriminate between two phases of a solid crystal is thus evidenced.
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16
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Höpfner M, Pitts MC, Poole LR. Comparison between CALIPSO and MIPAS observations of polar stratospheric clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Noel V, Hertzog A, Chepfer H. CALIPSO observations of wave-induced PSCs with near-unity optical depth over Antarctica in 2006–2007. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Jumelet J, Bekki S, David C, Keckhut P, Baumgarten G. Size distribution time series of a polar stratospheric cloud observed above Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR) (69°N) and analyzed from multiwavelength lidar measurements during winter 2005. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Gómez PC, Gálvez O, Escribano R. Theoretical study of atmospheric clusters: HNO3–HCl–H2O. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:9710-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b911457b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Kinnison DE, Gille J, Barnett J, Randall C, Harvey VL, Lambert A, Khosravi R, Alexander MJ, Bernath PF, Boone CD, Cavanaugh C, Coffey M, Craig C, Dean VC, Eden T, Ellis D, Fahey DW, Francis G, Halvorson C, Hannigan J, Hartsough C, Hepplewhite C, Krinsky C, Lee H, Mankin B, Marcy TP, Massie S, Nardi B, Packman D, Popp PJ, Santee ML, Yudin V, Walker KA. Global observations of HNO3from the High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder (HIRDLS): First results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Søvde OA, Gauss M, Smyshlyaev SP, Isaksen ISA. Evaluation of the chemical transport model Oslo CTM2 with focus on arctic winter ozone depletion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Grothe H, Tizek H, Ortega IK. Metastable nitric acidhydrates—possible constituents of polar stratospheric clouds? Faraday Discuss 2008; 137:223-34; discussion 297-318. [DOI: 10.1039/b702343j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Chepfer H, Minnis P, Dubuisson P, Chiriaco M, Sun-Mack S, Rivière ED. Nitric acid particles in cold thick ice clouds observed at global scale: Link with lightning, temperature, and upper tropospheric water vapor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Natsheh AA, Nadykto AB, Mikkelsen KV, Yu F, Ruuskanen J. Coexistence of metastable nitric acid dihydrates: A molecular level contribution to understanding the formation of polar stratospheric clouds crystals. Chem Phys Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.05.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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26
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Al Natsheh A, Mikkelsen KV, Ruuskanen J. Theoretical investigation of the coexistence of α and β-nitric acid trihydrates (NAT) molecular conformations. Chem Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2005.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Huthwelker
- Laboratory for Radio- and Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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28
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Knopf DA. Do NAD and NAT Form in Liquid Stratospheric Aerosols by Pseudoheterogeneous Nucleation? J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:5745-50. [PMID: 16640368 DOI: 10.1021/jp055376j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory data of the freezing of nitric acid hydrates (NAD, NAT) from HNO(3)/H(2)O and HNO(3)/H(2)SO(4)/H(2)O solution droplets have been evaluated with respect to a "pseudoheterogeneous" (surface-induced) nucleation mechanism of NAD and NAT, which has been argued to possibly lead to the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). In addition, a parametrization of pseudoheterogeneous nucleation of NAD and NAT suggested recently (Tabazadeh et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2002, 106, 10238-10246) has been analyzed, showing that this parametrization should not be used in stratospheric modeling studies. The analysis of several laboratory data sets yields an upper limit of the pseudoheterogeneous nucleation rate coefficient of NAD of 2.2 x 10(-5) cm(-2) s(-1). In contrast, the upper limit of the pseudoheterogeneous nucleation rate coefficient of NAT could not be constrained satisfactorily, since formation of NAT has not been observed at stratospheric conditions in laboratory experiments applying small droplets. Maximum NAD production rates of 9.6 x 10(-9) cm(-3) (air) h(-1) in the stratosphere have been estimated assuming a pseudoheterogeneous nucleation mechanism that is constrained by the experimental observations. If maximum NAD supersaturation persisted for 4 weeks in the polar stratosphere the corresponding NAD particle number densities are estimated to be about 6 x 10(-6) cm(-3). These particle number densities are 3 orders of magnitude lower than particle number densities recently observed in the stratosphere. In conclusion, on the basis of laboratory data it is found that a pseudoheterogeneous nucleation mechanism is not sufficient to explain recent observations of large nitric acid containing particles in the polar stratosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Knopf
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, IAC, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Maté B, Ortega IK, Moreno MA, Herrero VJ, Escribano R. Orientation Effects on Nitric Acid Dihydrate Films. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:7396-401. [PMID: 16599516 DOI: 10.1021/jp0569483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An investigation of orientation effects in films of nitric acid dihydrate (NAD) is presented, based on a systematic study of transmission and reflection-absorption infrared (RAIR) spectra of samples of varying thickness. The samples are prepared by vapor deposition on Ge (for transmission spectroscopy) and on Al substrates (for RAIR spectroscopy) at 175 K to produce crystalline alpha-NAD films. Transmission spectra were recorded at normal incidence, and RAIR spectra were recorded at a grazing angle of 75 degrees, with polarized radiation. The observed spectra are compared with predictions of a classical Fresnel model, to test the available optical indices of NAD, which are of great importance for the accurate interpretation of data from remote sensing measurements. Whereas the procedure yields satisfactory results for transmission and s-polarized RAIR spectra, it is found that the agreement is not acceptable for p-polarized RAIR spectra. An explanation is suggested in terms of a preferential alignment of the films, with the (10-1) crystallographic plane of the crystal situated parallel to the substrate. The infrared activity of a band at approximately 1170 cm(-1) is explained in terms of a preferential orientation of the crystal domains in the film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Maté
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (CSIC), Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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30
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Massoli P, Maturilli M, Neuber R. Climatology of Arctic polar stratospheric clouds as measured by lidar in Ny-Ålesund, Spitsbergen (79°N, 12°E). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Fernandez-Torre D, Escribano R, Herrero VJ, Maté B, Moreno MA, Ortega IK. Theoretical Calculations of Refractive Indices and Optical Effects in Spectra of Nitric Acid and Nitric Acid Monohydrate Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:18010-7. [PMID: 16853312 DOI: 10.1021/jp0517899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical infrared refractive indices of two systems related to atmospheric research, nitric acid (NA) and nitric acid monohydrate (NAM) crystals, have been computed using a methodology based on first-principles. The effects of lack of coherence in the infrared beam in RAIR and transmission spectra have also been treated using a model based on classical optics. The optical constants of NA crystals are presented for the first time; the results on NAM are compared to empirical values previously published with good general agreement. With the optical constants of NA, polarized reflection-absorption infrared spectra are predicted and compared to experimental spectra recorded also for the first time, for a set of varying film thickness. The global agreement is satisfactory. The effects of a number of experimental factors in transmission spectra of NAM are assessed, in an attempt to explain observed differences among experimental spectra. It is concluded that the spectral disparities are probably due to differences in the nature of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Fernandez-Torre
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (CSIC), Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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32
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Delval C, Rossi MJ. Influence of Monolayer Amounts of HNO3 on the Evaporation Rate of H2O over Ice in the Range 179 to 208 K: A Quartz Crystal Microbalance Study. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:7151-65. [PMID: 16834079 DOI: 10.1021/jp0505072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The evaporation flux J(ev) of H2O from thin H2O ice films containing between 0.5 and 7 monolayers of HNO3 has been measured in the range 179 to 208 K under both molecular and stirred flow conditions in isothermal experiments. FTIR absorption of the HNO3/H2O condensate revealed the formation of metastable alpha-NAT (HNO(3).3H2O) converting to stable beta-NAT at 205 K. After deposition of HNO3 for 16-80 s on a 1 mum thick pure ice film at a deposition rate in the range (6-60) x 10(12) molecules s(-1) the initial evaporative flux J(ev)(H2O) was always that of pure ice. J(ev)(H2O) gradually decreased with the evaporation of H2O and the concomitant increase of the average mole fraction of HNO3, chi(HNO3), indicating the presence of an amorphous mixture of H2O/HNO3 that is called complexed or (c)-ice whose vapor pressure is that of pure ice. The final value of J(ev) was smaller by factors varying from 2.7 to 65 relative to pure ice. Depending on the doping conditions and temperature of the ice film the pure ice thickness d(D) of the ice film for which J(ev) < 0.85J(ev)(pure ice) varied between 130 and 700 nm compared to the 1000 nm thick original ice film at 208 and 191 K, respectively, in what seems to be an inverse temperature dependence. There exist three different types of H2O molecules under the present experimental conditions, namely (a) free H2O corresponding to pure ice, (b) complexed H2O or c-ice, and (c) H2O molecules originating from the breakup of NAT or amorphous H2O/HNO3 mixtures. The significant decrease of J(ev)(H2O) with increasing chi(HNO3) leads to an increase of the evaporative lifetime of atmospheric ice particles in the presence of HNO3 and may help explain the occurrence of persistent and/or large contaminated ice particles at certain atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Delval
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol (LPAS), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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33
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Scarchilli C, Adriani A, Cairo F, Di Donfrancesco G, Buontempo C, Snels M, Moriconi ML, Deshler T, Larsen N, Luo B, Mauersberger K, Ovarlez J, Rosen J, Schreiner J. Determination of polar stratospheric cloud particle refractive indices by use of in situ optical measurements and T-matrix calculations. APPLIED OPTICS 2005; 44:3302-11. [PMID: 15943267 DOI: 10.1364/ao.44.003302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A new algorithm to infer structural parameters such as refractive index and asphericity of cloud particles has been developed by use of in situ observations taken by a laser backscattersonde and an optical particle counter during balloon stratospheric flights. All three main particles, liquid, ice, and a no-ice solid (NAT, nitric acid trihydrate) of polar stratospheric clouds, were observed during two winter flights performed from Kiruna, Sweden. The technique is based on use of the T-matrix code developed for aspherical particles to calculate the backscattering coefficient and particle depolarizing properties on the basis of size distribution and concentration measurements. The results of the calculations are compared with observations to estimated refractive indices and particle asphericity. The method has also been used in cases when the liquid and solid phases coexist with comparable influence on the optical behavior of the cloud to estimate refractive indices. The main results prove that the index of refraction for NAT particles is in the range of 1.37-1.45 at 532 nm. Such particles would be slightly prolate spheroids. The calculated refractive indices for liquid and ice particles are 1.51-1.55 and 1.31-1.33, respectively. The results for solid particles confirm previous measurements taken in Antarctica during 1992 and obtained by a comparison of lidar and optical particle counter data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Scarchilli
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Italian National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100-00133 Rome, Italy
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34
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Beyer KD, Hansen AR, Raddatz N. Experimental Determination of the H2SO4/HNO3/H2O Phase Diagram in Regions of Stratospheric Importance. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp035572v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith D. Beyer
- Department of Chemistry, Wisconsin Lutheran College, 8800 West Bluemound Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Anne R. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Wisconsin Lutheran College, 8800 West Bluemound Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Nick Raddatz
- Department of Chemistry, Wisconsin Lutheran College, 8800 West Bluemound Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
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35
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Maté B, Ortega IK, Moreno MA, Escribano R, Herrero VJ. Investigation of orientation effects in films of nitric acid trihydrate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b402533d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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Brooks SD. Polar stratospheric clouds during SOLVE/THESEO: Comparison of lidar observations with in situ measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Adriani A. Climatology of polar stratospheric clouds based on lidar observations from 1993 to 2001 over McMurdo Station, Antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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Cohen RC, Murphy JG. Photochemistry of NO2 in Earth's Stratosphere: Constraints from Observations. Chem Rev 2003; 103:4985-98. [PMID: 14664640 DOI: 10.1021/cr020647x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
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39
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Fernández D, Botella V, Herrero VJ, Escribano R. A Theoretical Study of the Structure and Spectra of Nitric Acid Hydrates Crystals. J Phys Chem B 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp034230m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Delia Fernández
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Botella
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor J. Herrero
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Escribano
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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40
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Luo BP. Extreme NAT supersaturations in mountain wave ice PSCs: A clue to NAT formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Fromm M. A unified, long-term, high-latitude stratospheric aerosol and cloud database using SAM II, SAGE II, and POAM II/III data: Algorithm description, database definition, and climatology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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42
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Voigt C. In situ mountain-wave polar stratospheric cloud measurements: Implications for nitric acid trihydrate formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Herman RL, Drdla K, Spackman JR, Hurst DF, Popp PJ, Webster CR, Romashkin PA, Elkins JW, Weinstock EM, Gandrud BW, Toon GC, Schoeberl MR, Jost H, Atlas EL, Bui TP. Hydration, dehydration, and the total hydrogen budget of the 1999/2000 winter Arctic stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. L. Herman
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - K. Drdla
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - J. R. Spackman
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - D. F. Hurst
- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - P. J. Popp
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - C. R. Webster
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - P. A. Romashkin
- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. W. Elkins
- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - E. M. Weinstock
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Harvard University; Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - B. W. Gandrud
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - G. C. Toon
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | | | - H. Jost
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
- Bay Area Environmental Research Institute; Sonoma California USA
| | - E. L. Atlas
- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - T. P. Bui
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
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44
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Renard JB, Berthet G, Robert C, Chartier M, Pirre M, Brogniez C, Herman M, Verwaerde C, Balois JY, Ovarlez J, Ovarlez H, Crespin J, Deshler T. Optical and physical properties of stratospheric aerosols from balloon measurements in the visible and near-infrared domains. II. Comparison of extinction, reflectance, polarization, and counting measurements. APPLIED OPTICS 2002; 41:7540-7549. [PMID: 12510917 DOI: 10.1364/ao.41.007540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The physical properties of stratospheric aerosols can be retrieved from optical measurements involving extinction, radiance, polarization, and counting. We present here the results of measurements from the balloonborne instruments AMON, SALOMON, and RADIBAL, and from the French Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique and the University of Wyoming balloonborne particle counters. A cross comparison of the measurements was made for observations of background aerosols conducted during the polar winters of February 1997 and January-February 2000 for various altitudes from 13 to 19 km. On the one band, the effective radius and the total amount of background aerosols derived from the various sets of data are similar and are in agreement with pre-Pinatubo values. On the other hand, strong discrepancies occur in the shapes of the bimodal size distributions obtained from analysis of the raw measurement of the various instruments. It seems then that the log-normal assumption cannot fully reproduce the size distribution of background aerosols. The effect ofthe presence of particular aerosols on the measurements is discussed, and a new strategy for observations is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Renard
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 3A Avenue de la Recherche Scientifique, F-45071 Orléans 2, France.
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45
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Beyer KD, Hansen AR. Phase Diagram of the Nitric Acid/Water System: Implications for Polar Stratospheric Clouds. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp025535o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith D. Beyer
- Department of Chemistry, Wisconsin Lutheran College, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Anne R. Hansen
- Department of Chemistry, Wisconsin Lutheran College, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
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46
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Santee ML, Tabazadeh A, Manney GL, Fromm MD, Bevilacqua RM, Waters JW, Jensen EJ. A Lagrangian approach to studying Arctic polar stratospheric clouds using UARS MLS HNO3and POAM II aerosol extinction measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Santee
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - A. Tabazadeh
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - G. L. Manney
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
- Department of Natural Resources Management; New Mexico Highlands University; Las Vegas New Mexico USA
| | - M. D. Fromm
- Computational Physics, Inc.; Fairfax Virginia USA
| | | | - J. W. Waters
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena California USA
| | - E. J. Jensen
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
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47
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48
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Bevilacqua RM. Observations and analysis of polar stratospheric clouds detected by POAM III during the 1999/2000 Northern Hemisphere winter. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Larsen N. Microphysical mesoscale simulations of polar stratospheric cloud formation constrained by in situ measurements of chemical and optical cloud properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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50
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Dörnbrack A. Evidence for inertia gravity waves forming polar stratospheric clouds over Scandinavia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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