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Turgu B, El‐Naggar A, Kogler M, Tortola L, Zhang H, Hassan M, Lizardo MM, Kung SHY, Lam W, Penninger JM, Sorensen PH. The HACE1 E3 ligase mediates RAC1-dependent control of mTOR signaling complexes. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56815. [PMID: 37846480 PMCID: PMC10702814 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202356815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
HACE1 is a HECT family E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase with broad but incompletely understood tumor suppressor activity. Here, we report a previously unrecognized link between HACE1 and signaling complexes containing mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). HACE1 blocks mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities by reducing mTOR stability in an E3 ligase-dependent manner. Mechanistically, HACE1 binds to and ubiquitylates Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) when RAC1 is associated with mTOR complexes, including at focal adhesions, leading to proteasomal degradation of RAC1. This in turn decreases the stability of mTOR to reduce mTORC1 and mTORC2 activity. HACE1 deficient cells show enhanced mTORC1/2 activity, which is reversed by chemical or genetic RAC1 inactivation but not in cells expressing the HACE1-insensitive mutant, RAC1K147R . In vivo, Rac1 deletion reverses enhanced mTOR expression in KRasG12D -driven lung tumors of Hace1-/- mice. HACE1 co-localizes with mTOR and RAC1, resulting in RAC1-dependent loss of mTOR protein stability. Together, our data demonstrate that HACE1 destabilizes mTOR by targeting RAC1 within mTOR-associated complexes, revealing a unique ubiquitin-dependent process to control the activity of mTOR signaling complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Turgu
- Department of Molecular OncologyBritish Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouverBCCanada
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Amal El‐Naggar
- Department of Molecular OncologyBritish Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of MedicineMenoufia UniversityShibin El KomEgypt
| | - Melanie Kogler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Luigi Tortola
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Health SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Hai‐Feng Zhang
- Department of Molecular OncologyBritish Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouverBCCanada
| | - Mariam Hassan
- Department of Molecular OncologyBritish Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouverBCCanada
| | - Michael M Lizardo
- Department of Molecular OncologyBritish Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouverBCCanada
| | - Sonia HY Kung
- Department of Urological Sciences, Vancouver Prostate CentreUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Wan Lam
- Department of Molecular OncologyBritish Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of SciencesViennaAustria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection ResearchBraunschweigGermany
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular OncologyBritish Columbia Cancer Research CentreVancouverBCCanada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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Fang H, Ren W, Cui Q, Liang H, Yang C, Liu W, Wang X, Liu X, Shi Y, Feng J, Chen C. Integrin β4 promotes DNA damage-related drug resistance in triple-negative breast cancer via TNFAIP2/IQGAP1/RAC1. eLife 2023; 12:RP88483. [PMID: 37787041 PMCID: PMC10547475 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor drug resistance is a challenge for human triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treatment. Our previous work demonstrated that TNFAIP2 activates RAC1 to promote TNBC cell proliferation and migration. However, the mechanism by which TNFAIP2 activates RAC1 is unknown. In this study, we found that TNFAIP2 interacts with IQGAP1 and Integrin β4. Integrin β4 activates RAC1 through TNFAIP2 and IQGAP1 and confers DNA damage-related drug resistance in TNBC. These results indicate that the Integrin β4/TNFAIP2/IQGAP1/RAC1 axis provides potential therapeutic targets to overcome DNA damage-related drug resistance in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Fang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, YunnanChina
- Kunming College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, YunnanChina
| | - Wenlong Ren
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, YunnanChina
- School of Life Science, University of Science & Technology of ChinaHefeiChina
| | - Qiuxia Cui
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, YunnanChina
- Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical UniversityGuangdongChina
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital & Shenzhen Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeShenzhenChina
| | - Huichun Liang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, YunnanChina
| | - Chuanyu Yang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, YunnanChina
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, YunnanChina
| | - Xinye Wang
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, YunnanChina
| | - Xue Liu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital South CampusShanghaiChina
| | - Yujie Shi
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jing Feng
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital South CampusShanghaiChina
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen)ShenzhenChina
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangdong ProvinceGuangzhouChina
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of SciencesKunming, YunnanChina
- Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Kunming Medical UniversityKunmingChina
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3
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Han J, Yang J, Wang Q, Yin X, Sun Z, Huang C, Chen G, Zheng L, Jiang D. Ibandronate promotes autophagy by inhibiting Rac1–mTOR signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:186. [PMID: 35397636 PMCID: PMC8994753 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that ibandronate (IBAN) could improve endothelial function in spontaneously hypertensive rats. However, the mechanism by which IBAN improves endothelial function is unclear. The IBAN-induced autophagic process in vitro experiments were determined by detection of LC3, Beclin1, and P62 protein levels via western blotting. The autophagy flux was detected by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. For in vivo experiments, spontaneously hypertensive rats were orally administered with IBAN. Utilizing angiotensin II (Ang II) to stimulate the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) as a model of endothelial cell injury in hypertension, we found that IBAN promoted autophagy and protected cell viability in Ang II-treated-endothelial cells while these effects could be reversed by autophagy inhibitor. In terms of mechanism, IBAN treatment decreased the levels of Rac1 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Activating either Rac1 or mTOR could reverse IBAN-induced autophagy. Furthermore, the in vivo experiments also indicated that IBAN promotes autophagy by downregulating Rac1-mTOR. Taken together, our results firstly revealed that IBAN enhances autophagy via inhibiting Rac1-mTOR signaling pathway, and thus alleviates Ang II-induced injury in endothelial cells.
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Stanislovas J, Kermorgant S. c-Met-integrin cooperation: Mechanisms, tumorigenic effects, and therapeutic relevance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:994528. [PMID: 36330337 PMCID: PMC9624249 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.994528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase which upon activation by its ligand, the hepatocyte growth factor, mediates many important signalling pathways that regulate cellular functions such as survival, proliferation, and migration. Its oncogenic and tumorigenic signalling mechanisms, greatly contributing to cancer development and progression, are well documented. Integrins, heterogeneous adhesion receptors which facilitate cell-extracellular matrix interactions, are important in biomechanically sensitive cell adhesion and motility but also modulate diverse cell behaviour. Here we review the studies which reported cooperation between c-Met and several integrins, particularly β1 and β4, in various cell models including many tumour cell types. From the various experimental models and results analysed, we propose that c-Met-integrin cooperation occurs via inside-out or outside-in signalling. Thus, either c-Met activation triggers integrin activation and cell adhesion or integrin adhesion to its extracellular ligand triggers c-Met activation. These two modes of cooperation require the adhesive function of integrins and mostly lead to cell migration and invasion. In a third, less conventional, mode of cooperation, the integrin plays the role of a signalling adaptor for c-Met, independently from its adhesive property, leading to anchorage independent survival. Recent studies have revealed the influence of endocytic trafficking in c-Met-integrin cooperation including the adaptor function of integrin occurring on endomembranes, triggering an inside-in signalling, believed to promote survival of metastatic cells. We present the evidence of the cooperation in vivo and in human tissues and highlight its therapeutic relevance. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating c-Met-integrin cooperation in cancer progression could lead to the design of new therapies targeting this cooperation, providing more effective therapeutic approaches than c-Met or integrin inhibitors as monotherapies used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justas Stanislovas
- Spatial Signalling Group, John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Kermorgant
- Spatial Signalling Group, John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Bi J, Cheng C, Zheng C, Huang C, Zheng X, Wan X, Chen YH, Tian Z, Sun H. TIPE2 is a checkpoint of natural killer cell maturation and antitumor immunity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabi6515. [PMID: 34524845 PMCID: PMC8443187 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi6515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The maturation process of NK cells determines their functionality during which IL-15 plays a critical role. However, very few checkpoints specifically targeting this process have been discovered. Here, we report that TIPE2 expression gradually increased during NK cell ontogenesis correlating to their maturation stages in both mice and humans. NK-specific TIPE2 deficiency increased mature NK cells in mice, and these TIPE2-deficient NK cells exhibited enhanced activation, cytotoxicity, and IFN-γ production upon stimulation and enhanced response to IL-15 for maturation. Moreover, TIPE2 suppressed IL-15–triggered mTOR activity in both human and murine NK cells. Consequently, blocking mTOR constrained the effect of TIPE2 deficiency on NK cell maturation in response to IL-15. Last, NK-specific TIPE2-deficient mice were resistant to tumor growth in vivo. Our results uncover a potent checkpoint in NK cell maturation and antitumor immunity in both mice and humans, suggesting a promising approach of targeting TIPE2 for NK cell–based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Corresponding author. (J.B.); (H.S.)
| | - Chen Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chaoyue Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chen Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaohu Zheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- Center for Protein and Cell-based Drugs, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Youhai H. Chen
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Research Unit of NK Cell Study, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Corresponding author. (J.B.); (H.S.)
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6
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Floerchinger A, Murphy KJ, Latham SL, Warren SC, McCulloch AT, Lee YK, Stoehr J, Mélénec P, Guaman CS, Metcalf XL, Lee V, Zaratzian A, Da Silva A, Tayao M, Rolo S, Phimmachanh M, Sultani G, McDonald L, Mason SM, Ferrari N, Ooms LM, Johnsson AKE, Spence HJ, Olson MF, Machesky LM, Sansom OJ, Morton JP, Mitchell CA, Samuel MS, Croucher DR, Welch HCE, Blyth K, Caldon CE, Herrmann D, Anderson KI, Timpson P, Nobis M. Optimizing metastatic-cascade-dependent Rac1 targeting in breast cancer: Guidance using optical window intravital FRET imaging. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109689. [PMID: 34525350 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing drug response within live native tissue provides increased fidelity with regards to optimizing efficacy while minimizing off-target effects. Here, using longitudinal intravital imaging of a Rac1-Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor mouse coupled with in vivo photoswitching to track intratumoral movement, we help guide treatment scheduling in a live breast cancer setting to impair metastatic progression. We uncover altered Rac1 activity at the center versus invasive border of tumors and demonstrate enhanced Rac1 activity of cells in close proximity to live tumor vasculature using optical window imaging. We further reveal that Rac1 inhibition can enhance tumor cell vulnerability to fluid-flow-induced shear stress and therefore improves overall anti-metastatic response to therapy during transit to secondary sites such as the lung. Collectively, this study demonstrates the utility of single-cell intravital imaging in vivo to demonstrate that Rac1 inhibition can reduce tumor progression and metastases in an autochthonous setting to improve overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Floerchinger
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sharissa L Latham
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sean C Warren
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew T McCulloch
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Young-Kyung Lee
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Janett Stoehr
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Pauline Mélénec
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Cris S Guaman
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Xanthe L Metcalf
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Victoria Lee
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Anaiis Zaratzian
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andrew Da Silva
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Michael Tayao
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sonia Rolo
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G611BD, UK
| | - Monica Phimmachanh
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Ghazal Sultani
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Laura McDonald
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G611BD, UK
| | - Susan M Mason
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G611BD, UK
| | - Nicola Ferrari
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G611BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G111QH, UK
| | - Lisa M Ooms
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Heather J Spence
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Michael F Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Laura M Machesky
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Owen J Sansom
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G611BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G111QH, UK
| | - Jennifer P Morton
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G611BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G111QH, UK
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Cancer Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michael S Samuel
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia; and the School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - David R Croucher
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Heidi C E Welch
- Signalling Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB223AT, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G611BD, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Switchback Road, Glasgow G111QH, UK
| | - C Elizabeth Caldon
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kurt I Anderson
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G611BD, UK; Francis Crick Institute, London NW11AT, UK
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Max Nobis
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
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7
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Li C, Li Z, Song L, Meng L, Xu G, Zhang H, Hu J, Li F, Liu C. GEFT Inhibits Autophagy and Apoptosis in Rhabdomyosarcoma via Activation of the Rac1/Cdc42-mTOR Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 11:656608. [PMID: 34221974 PMCID: PMC8252888 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.656608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and apoptosis are dynamic processes that determine the fate of cells, and regulating these processes can treat cancer. GEFT is highly expressed in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), which accelerates the tumorigenicity and metastasis of RMS by activating Rac1/Cdc42 signaling, but the regulatory mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis are unclear. In our study, we found that the RMS tissues had high Rac1, Cdc42, mTOR, and Bcl-2 expression levels and low Beclin1, LC3, and Bax expression levels compared with the normal striated muscle tissues (P < 0.05). In addition, multivariate analysis has proven that Rac1 is an independent prognostic factor (P < 0.05), and the high expression level of the Beclin1 protein was closely associated with the tumor diameter of the RMS patients (P = 0.044), whereas the high expression level of the LC3 protein was associated with the clinical stage of the RMS patients (P = 0.027). Furthermore, GEFT overexpression could inhibit autophagy and apoptosis in RMS. A Rac1/Cdc42 inhibitor was added, and the inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis decreased. Rac1 and Cdc42 could regulate mTOR to inhibit autophagy and apoptosis in RMS. Overall, these studies demonstrated that the GEFT–Rac1/Cdc42–mTOR pathway can inhibit autophagy and apoptosis in RMS and provide evidence for innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsen Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Lingxie Song
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Guixuan Xu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Jianming Hu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathology and Medical Research Center, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Key Laboratory for Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Shihezi University School of Medicine, Shihezi, China.,Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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Abstract
We reported that RAC1 is a master regulator of cell migration and anchorage-independent growth, downstream of the oncogenic Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (RTK) MET. RAC1 growth-promoting role is guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase)- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-independent but promotes mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling through triggering its plasma membrane localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Hervieu
- Spatial Signalling Team, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK.,Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, CRUK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Stéphanie Kermorgant
- Spatial Signalling Team, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK
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