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Valenzuela V, Martínez G, Duran-Aniotz C, Hetz C. Gene therapy to target ER stress in brain diseases. Brain Res 2016; 1648:561-570. [PMID: 27131987 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy based on the use of Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) is emerging as a safe and stable strategy to target molecular pathways involved in a variety of brain diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is proposed as a transversal feature of most animal models and clinical samples from patients affected with neurodegenerative diseases. Manipulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a major homeostatic reaction under ER stress conditions, had proved beneficial in diverse models of neurodegeneration. Although increasing number of drugs are available to target ER stress, the use of small molecules to treat chronic brain diseases is challenging because of poor blood brain barrier permeability and undesirable side effects due to the role of the UPR in the physiology of peripheral organs. Gene therapy is currently considered a possible future alternative to circumvent these problems by the delivery of therapeutic agents to selective regions and cell types of the nervous system. Here we discuss current efforts to design gene therapy strategies to alleviate ER stress on a disease context. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI:ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Valenzuela
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Martínez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudia Duran-Aniotz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, 02115 Boston, MA, USA.
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Brindley DA, French A, Suh J, Roberts M, Davies B, Pinedo-Villanueva R, Wartolowska K, Rooke K, Kramm A, Judge A, Morrey M, Chandra A, Hurley H, Grover L, Bingham I, Siegel B, Rattley MS, Buckler RL, McKeon D, Krumholz K, Hook L, May M, Rikabi S, Pigott R, Morys M, Sabokbar A, Titus E, Laabi Y, Lemaitre G, Zahkia R, Sipp D, Horne R, Bravery C, Williams D, Wall I, Snyder EY, Karp JM, Barker RW, Bure K, Carr AJ, Reeve B. The implementation of novel collaborative structures for the identification and resolution of barriers to pluripotent stem cell translation. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 22 Suppl 1:63-72. [PMID: 24304079 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased global connectivity has catalyzed technological development in almost all industries, in part through the facilitation of novel collaborative structures. Notably, open innovation and crowd-sourcing-of expertise and/or funding-has tremendous potential to increase the efficiency with which biomedical ecosystems interact to deliver safe, efficacious and affordable therapies to patients. Consequently, such practices offer tremendous potential in advancing development of cellular therapies. In this vein, the CASMI Translational Stem Cell Consortium (CTSCC) was formed to unite global thought-leaders, producing academically rigorous and commercially practicable solutions to a range of challenges in pluripotent stem cell translation. Critically, the CTSCC research agenda is defined through continuous consultation with its international funding and research partners. Herein, initial findings for all research focus areas are presented to inform global product development strategies, and to stimulate continued industry interaction around biomanufacturing, strategic partnerships, standards, regulation and intellectual property and clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Brindley
- 1 Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
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Hargus G, Ehrlich M, Hallmann AL, Kuhlmann T. Human stem cell models of neurodegeneration: a novel approach to study mechanisms of disease development. Acta Neuropathol 2014; 127:151-73. [PMID: 24306942 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-013-1222-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The number of patients with neurodegenerative diseases is increasing significantly worldwide. Thus, intense research is being pursued to uncover mechanisms of disease development in an effort to identify molecular targets for therapeutic intervention. Analysis of postmortem tissue from patients has yielded important histological and biochemical markers of disease progression. However, this approach is inherently limited because it is not possible to study patient neurons prior to degeneration. As such, transgenic and knockout models of neurodegenerative diseases are commonly employed. While these animal models have yielded important insights into some molecular mechanisms of disease development, they do not provide the opportunity to study mechanisms of neurodegeneration in human neurons at risk and thus, it is often difficult or even impossible to replicate human pathogenesis with this approach. The generation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells offers a unique opportunity to overcome these obstacles. By expanding and differentiating iPS cells, it is possible to generate large numbers of functional neurons in vitro, which can then be used to study the disease of the donating patient. Here, we provide an overview of human stem cell models of neurodegeneration using iPS cells from patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington's disease, spinal muscular atrophy and other neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we describe how further refinements of reprogramming technology resulted in the generation of patient-specific induced neurons, which have also been used to model neurodegenerative changes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar Hargus
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149, Münster, Germany,
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Borooah S, Phillips M, Bilican B, Wright A, Wilmut I, Chandran S, Gamm D, Dhillon B. Using human induced pluripotent stem cells to treat retinal disease. Prog Retin Eye Res 2013; 37:163-81. [PMID: 24104210 PMCID: PMC3841575 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The eye is an ideal target for exploiting the potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology in order to understand disease pathways and explore novel therapeutic strategies for inherited retinal disease. The aim of this article is to map the pathway from state-of-the art laboratory-based discoveries to realising the translational potential of this emerging technique. We describe the relevance and routes to establishing hiPSCs in selected models of human retinal disease. Additionally, we define pathways for applying hiPSC technology in treating currently incurable, progressive and blinding retinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Borooah
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
- Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
| | - M.J. Phillips
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - B. Bilican
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - A.F. Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - I. Wilmut
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - S. Chandran
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UU, UK
| | - D. Gamm
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1500 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - B. Dhillon
- Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK
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Egawa N, Kitaoka S, Tsukita K, Naitoh M, Takahashi K, Yamamoto T, Adachi F, Kondo T, Okita K, Asaka I, Aoi T, Watanabe A, Yamada Y, Morizane A, Takahashi J, Ayaki T, Ito H, Yoshikawa K, Yamawaki S, Suzuki S, Watanabe D, Hioki H, Kaneko T, Makioka K, Okamoto K, Takuma H, Tamaoka A, Hasegawa K, Nonaka T, Hasegawa M, Kawata A, Yoshida M, Nakahata T, Takahashi R, Marchetto MCN, Gage FH, Yamanaka S, Inoue H. Response to Comment on "Drug Screening for ALS Using Patient-Specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells". Sci Transl Med 2013; 5:188lr2. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3005697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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