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Levine DC, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. A metabolic perspective to sleep genetics. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 86:102874. [PMID: 38582021 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The metabolic signals that regulate sleep and the metabolic functions that occur during sleep are active areas of research. Prior studies have focused on sugars and nucleotides but new genetic evidence suggests novel functions of lipid and amino acid metabolites in sleep. Additional genetic studies of energetic signaling pathways and the circadian clock transcription factor network have increased our understanding of how sleep responds to changes in the metabolic state. This review focuses on key recent insights from genetic experiments in humans and model organisms to improve our understanding of the interrelationship between metabolism and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Levine
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Louis J Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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2
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Qu S, Wang J, Guan X, Song C, Wang Y. Sleep disturbance in Angelman syndrome patients. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:146. [PMID: 38580983 PMCID: PMC10996173 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03154-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Angelman syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by abnormal expression of the maternal ubiquitin protein ligase E3A gene (UBE3A). As one of the most challenging symptoms and important focuses of new treatment, sleep disturbance is reported to occur in 70-80% of patients with AS and has a serious impact on the lives of patients and their families. Although clinical studies and animal model studies have provided some clues, recent research into sleep disorders in the context of AS is still very limited. It is generally accepted that there is an interaction between neurodevelopment and sleep; however, there is no recognized mechanism for sleep disorders in AS patients. Accordingly, there are no aetiologically specific clinical treatments for AS-related sleep disorders. The most common approaches involve ameliorating symptoms through methods such as behavioural therapy and symptomatic pharmacotherapy. In recent years, preclinical and clinical studies on the targeted treatment of AS have emerged. Although precision therapy for restoring the UBE3A level and the function of its signalling pathways is inevitably hindered by many remaining obstacles, this approach has the potential to address AS-related sleep disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Qu
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xingying Guan
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Cui Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetic Metabolism Disease, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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3
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Xing L, Zou X, Yin C, Webb JM, Shi G, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Diverse roles of pontine NPS-expressing neurons in sleep regulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2320276121. [PMID: 38381789 PMCID: PMC10907243 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2320276121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) was postulated to be a wake-promoting neuropeptide with unknown mechanism, and a mutation in its receptor (NPSR1) causes the short sleep duration trait in humans. We investigated the role of different NPS+ nuclei in sleep/wake regulation. Loss-of-function and chemogenetic studies revealed that NPS+ neurons in the parabrachial nucleus (PB) are wake-promoting, whereas peri-locus coeruleus (peri-LC) NPS+ neurons are not important for sleep/wake modulation. Further, we found that a NPS+ nucleus in the central gray of the pons (CGPn) strongly promotes sleep. Fiber photometry recordings showed that NPS+ neurons are wake-active in the CGPn and wake/REM-sleep active in the PB and peri-LC. Blocking NPS-NPSR1 signaling or knockdown of Nps supported the function of the NPS-NPSR1 pathway in sleep/wake regulation. Together, these results reveal that NPS and NPS+ neurons play dichotomous roles in sleep/wake regulation at both the molecular and circuit levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xing
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Xianlin Zou
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Chen Yin
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - John M. Webb
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Guangsen Shi
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan528400, China
| | - Louis J. Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
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4
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Naveed M, Chao OY, Hill JW, Yang YM, Huston JP, Cao R. Circadian neurogenetics and its implications in neurophysiology, behavior, and chronomedicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105523. [PMID: 38142983 PMCID: PMC10872425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm affects multiple physiological processes, and disruption of the circadian system can be involved in a range of disease-related pathways. The genetic underpinnings of the circadian rhythm have been well-studied in model organisms. Significant progress has been made in understanding how clock genes affect the physiological functions of the nervous system. In addition, circadian timing is becoming a key factor in improving drug efficacy and reducing drug toxicity. The circadian biology of the target cell determines how the organ responds to the drug at a specific time of day, thus regulating pharmacodynamics. The current review brings together recent advances that have begun to unravel the molecular mechanisms of how the circadian clock affects neurophysiological and behavioral processes associated with human brain diseases. We start with a brief description of how the ubiquitous circadian rhythms are regulated at the genetic, cellular, and neural circuit levels, based on knowledge derived from extensive research on model organisms. We then summarize the latest findings from genetic studies of human brain disorders, focusing on the role of human clock gene variants in these diseases. Lastly, we discuss the impact of common dietary factors and medications on human circadian rhythms and advocate for a broader application of the concept of chronomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Cherasse Y, Taira Y, Rassu AL, Barateau L, Evangelista E, Muratani M, Funato H, Yanagisawa M, Dauvilliers Y. Association between idiopathic hypersomnia and a genetic variant in the PER3 gene. J Sleep Res 2024:e14146. [PMID: 38253863 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
We aim to identify genetic markers associated with idiopathic hypersomnia, a disabling orphan central nervous system disorder of hypersomnolence that is still poorly understood. In our study, DNA was extracted from 79 unrelated patients diagnosed with idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time at the National Reference Center for Narcolepsy-France according to very stringent diagnostic criteria. Whole exome sequencing on the first 30 patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (25 females and 5 males) allowed the single nucleotide variants to be compared with a control population of 574 healthy subjects from the French Exome project database. We focused on the identification of genetic variants among 182 genes related to the regulation of sleep and circadian rhythm. Candidate variants obtained by exome sequencing analysis were then validated in a second sample of 49 patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (37 females and 12 males). Our study characterised seven variants from six genes significantly associated with idiopathic hypersomnia compared with controls. A targeted sequencing analysis of these seven variants on 49 other patients with idiopathic hypersomnia confirmed the relative over-representation of the A➔C variant of rs2859390, located in a potential splicing-site of PER3 gene. Our findings support a genetic predisposition and identify pathways involved in the pathogeny of idiopathic hypersomnia. A variant of the PER3 gene may predispose to idiopathic hypersomnia with long sleep time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoan Cherasse
- Institute of Medicine/International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuki Taira
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Anna Laura Rassu
- Sleep and Wake Disorders Centre, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Lucie Barateau
- Sleep and Wake Disorders Centre, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elisa Evangelista
- Sleep and Wake Disorders Centre, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yves Dauvilliers
- Sleep and Wake Disorders Centre, Department of Neurology, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- INSERM, Neuropsychiatry: Epidemiological and Clinical Research, University Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Li Q, Wang L, Tang C, Wang X, Yu Z, Ping X, Ding M, Zheng L. Adipose Tissue Exosome circ_sxc Mediates the Modulatory of Adiposomes on Brain Aging by Inhibiting Brain dme-miR-87-3p. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:224-238. [PMID: 37597108 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Aging of the brain usually leads to the decline of neurological processes and is a major risk factor for various neurodegenerative diseases, including sleep disturbances and cognitive decline. Adipose tissue exosomes, as adipocyte-derived vesicles, may mediate the regulatory processes of adipose tissue on other organs, including the brain; however, the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. We analyzed the sleep-wake behavior of young (10 days) and old (40 days) Drosophila and found that older Drosophila showed increased sleep fragmentation, which is similar to mammalian aging characteristics. To investigate the cross-tissue regulatory mechanisms of adiposity on brain aging, we extracted 10-day and 40-day Drosophila adipose tissue exosomes and identified circRNAs with age-dependent expression differences by RNA-seq and differential analysis. Furthermore, by combining data from 3 datasets of the GEO database (GSE130158, GSE24992, and GSE184559), circ_sxc that was significantly downregulated with age was finally screened out. Moreover, dme-miR-87-3p, a conserved target of circ_sxc, accumulates in the brain with age and exhibits inhibitory effects in predicted binding relationships with neuroreceptor ligand genes. In summary, the current study showed that the Drosophila brain could obtain circ_sxc by uptake of adipose tissue exosomes which crossed the blood-brain barrier. And circ_sxc suppressed brain miR-87-3p expression through sponge adsorption, which in turn regulated the expression of neurological receptor ligand proteins (5-HT1B, GABA-B-R1, Rdl, Rh7, qvr, NaCP60E) and ensured brain neuronal synaptic signaling normal function of synaptic signaling. However, with aging, this regulatory mechanism is dysregulated by the downregulation of the adipose exosome circ_sxc, which contributes to the brain exhibiting sleep disturbances and other "aging" features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiufang Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingxiao Wang
- The Center for Heart Development, State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Ping
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Angelakos CC, Girven KS, Liu Y, Gonzalez OC, Murphy KR, Jennings KJ, Giardino WJ, Zweifel LS, Suko A, Palmiter RD, Clark SD, Krasnow MA, Bruchas MR, de Lecea L. A cluster of neuropeptide S neurons regulates breathing and arousal. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5439-5455.e7. [PMID: 38056461 PMCID: PMC10842921 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a highly conserved peptide found in all tetrapods that functions in the brain to promote heightened arousal; however, the subpopulations mediating these phenomena remain unknown. We generated mice expressing Cre recombinase from the Nps gene locus (NpsCre) and examined populations of NPS+ neurons in the lateral parabrachial area (LPBA), the peri-locus coeruleus (peri-LC) region of the pons, and the dorsomedial thalamus (DMT). We performed brain-wide mapping of input and output regions of NPS+ clusters and characterized expression patterns of the NPS receptor 1 (NPSR1). While the activity of all three NPS+ subpopulations tracked with vigilance state, only NPS+ neurons of the LPBA exhibited both increased activity prior to wakefulness and decreased activity during REM sleep, similar to the behavioral phenotype observed upon NPSR1 activation. Accordingly, we found that activation of the LPBA but not the peri-LC NPS+ neurons increased wake and reduced REM sleep. Furthermore, given the extended role of the LPBA in respiration and the link between behavioral arousal and breathing rate, we demonstrated that the LPBA but not the peri-LC NPS+ neuronal activation increased respiratory rate. Together, our data suggest that NPS+ neurons of the LPBA represent an unexplored subpopulation regulating breathing, and they are sufficient to recapitulate the sleep/wake phenotypes observed with broad NPS system activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Caleb Angelakos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kasey S Girven
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; University of Washington Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Oscar C Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Keith R Murphy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kim J Jennings
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - William J Giardino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Larry S Zweifel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Azra Suko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; University of Washington Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Richard D Palmiter
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Stewart D Clark
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Mark A Krasnow
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; University of Washington Center for the Neurobiology of Addiction, Pain, and Emotion, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Sato S, Hishida T, Kinouchi K, Hatanaka F, Li Y, Nguyen Q, Chen Y, Wang PH, Kessenbrock K, Li W, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Sassone-Corsi P. The circadian clock CRY1 regulates pluripotent stem cell identity and somatic cell reprogramming. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112590. [PMID: 37261952 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct metabolic conditions rewire circadian-clock-controlled signaling pathways leading to the de novo construction of signal transduction networks. However, it remains unclear whether metabolic hallmarks unique to pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are connected to clock functions. Reprogramming somatic cells to a pluripotent state, here we highlighted non-canonical functions of the circadian repressor CRY1 specific to PSCs. Metabolic reprogramming, including AMPK inactivation and SREBP1 activation, was coupled with the accumulation of CRY1 in PSCs. Functional assays verified that CRY1 is required for the maintenance of self-renewal capacity, colony organization, and metabolic signatures. Genome-wide occupancy of CRY1 identified CRY1-regulatory genes enriched in development and differentiation in PSCs, albeit not somatic cells. Last, cells lacking CRY1 exhibit differential gene expression profiles during induced PSC (iPSC) reprogramming, resulting in impaired iPSC reprogramming efficiency. Collectively, these results suggest the functional implication of CRY1 in pluripotent reprogramming and ontogenesis, thereby dictating PSC identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Sato
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Center for Biological Clocks Research, Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Tomoaki Hishida
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kinouchi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Fumiaki Hatanaka
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yumei Li
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Quy Nguyen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yumay Chen
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ping H Wang
- UC Irvine Diabetes Center, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kai Kessenbrock
- Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA; Altos Labs, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Paolo Sassone-Corsi
- Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, Department of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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9
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He QY, Dai N, Mao M, Ma J, Wen Q, Song DD, Liu Y, Li F. Insomnia and circadian rhythm: a bibliometrics study and visualization analysis via CiteSpace. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1184302. [PMID: 37396774 PMCID: PMC10308182 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1184302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to use CiteSpace to analyze the status of insomnia and circadian rhythm, identify the hot spots and trends, and provide a basis for future study. Method The Web of Science database was searched for studies related to insomnia and circadian from its inception to 14 April 2023. CiteSpace was used to generate online maps of collaboration between countries and authors and revealed hot spots and frontiers in insomnia and circadian rhythm. Results We searched 4,696 publications related to insomnia and circadian rhythm. Bruno Etain was the most prolific author with most publications, i.e., with 24 articles. The USA and the University of California were the leading country and the top institution in this field of study, with 1,672 and 269 articles, respectively. There was active cooperation between institutions, countries, and authors. Hot topics focused on circadian rhythm sleep disorders, circadian clock, light therapy, melatonin, and bipolar disorder. Conclusion Based on the CiteSpace results, we recommend a more active collaboration between various countries, institutions, and authors to conduct clinical and basic research related to insomnia and circadian rhythm. Ongoing research focuses on the interaction of insomnia with circadian rhythms and the corresponding pathways of clock genes and by extension, the role of circadian rhythms in disorders such as bipolar disorder. Modulation of circadian rhythms may be a hot spot for future insomnia therapies (such as light therapy and melatonin).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yun He
- Department of Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Dai
- Research Institutes, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Mao
- Department of Ethnic Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiao Wen
- Department of Brain Diseases, Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Song
- Department of Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Scientific Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Diagnosis of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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10
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Pandey P, Wall PK, Lopez SR, Dubuisson OS, Zunica ERM, Dantas WS, Kirwan JP, Axelrod CL, Johnson AE. A familial natural short sleep mutation promotes healthy aging and extends lifespan in Drosophila. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.25.538137. [PMID: 37163058 PMCID: PMC10168263 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.25.538137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Sleep loss typically imposes negative effects on animal health. However, humans with a rare genetic mutation in the dec2 gene ( dec2 P384R ) present an exception; these individuals sleep less without the usual effects associated with sleep deprivation. Thus, it has been suggested that the dec2 P384R mutation activates compensatory mechanisms that allows these individuals to thrive with less sleep. To test this directly, we used a Drosophila model to study the effects of the dec2 P384R mutation on animal health. Expression of human dec2 P384R in fly sleep neurons was sufficient to mimic the short sleep phenotype and, remarkably, dec2 P384R mutants lived significantly longer with improved health despite sleeping less. The improved physiological effects were enabled, in part, by enhanced mitochondrial fitness and upregulation of multiple stress response pathways. Moreover, we provide evidence that upregulation of pro-health pathways also contributes to the short sleep phenotype, and this phenomenon may extend to other pro-longevity models.
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11
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Dong Q, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Mutant β 1-adrenergic receptor improves REM sleep and ameliorates tau accumulation in a mouse model of tauopathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2221686120. [PMID: 37014857 PMCID: PMC10104526 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2221686120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is essential for our well-being, and chronic sleep deprivation has unfavorable health consequences. We recently demonstrated that two familial natural short sleep (FNSS) mutations, DEC2-P384R and Npsr1-Y206H, are strong genetic modifiers of tauopathy in PS19 mice, a model of tauopathy. To gain more insight into how FNSS variants modify the tau phenotype, we tested the effect of another FNSS gene variant, Adrb1-A187V, by crossing mice with this mutation onto the PS19 background. We found that the Adrb1-A187V mutation helped restore rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and alleviated tau aggregation in a sleep-wake center, the locus coeruleus (LC), in PS19 mice. We found that ADRB1+ neurons in the central amygdala (CeA) sent projections to the LC, and stimulating CeAADRB1+ neuron activity increased REM sleep. Furthermore, the mutant Adrb1 attenuated tau spreading from the CeA to the LC. Our findings suggest that the Adrb1-A187V mutation protects against tauopathy by both mitigating tau accumulation and attenuating tau spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Louis J. Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience,University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA94143
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12
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Lee YY, Endale M, Wu G, Ruben MD, Francey LJ, Morris AR, Choo NY, Anafi RC, Smith DF, Liu AC, Hogenesch JB. Integration of genome-scale data identifies candidate sleep regulators. Sleep 2023; 46:zsac279. [PMID: 36462188 PMCID: PMC9905783 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Genetics impacts sleep, yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying sleep regulation remain elusive. In this study, we built machine learning models to predict sleep genes based on their similarity to genes that are known to regulate sleep. METHODS We trained a prediction model on thousands of published datasets, representing circadian, immune, sleep deprivation, and many other processes, using a manually curated list of 109 sleep genes. RESULTS Our predictions fit with prior knowledge of sleep regulation and identified key genes and pathways to pursue in follow-up studies. As an example, we focused on the NF-κB pathway and showed that chronic activation of NF-κB in a genetic mouse model impacted the sleep-wake patterns. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the power of machine learning in integrating prior knowledge and genome-wide data to study genetic regulation of complex behaviors such as sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Yeng Lee
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Mehari Endale
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Gang Wu
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Marc D Ruben
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Lauren J Francey
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Andrew R Morris
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Natalie Y Choo
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ron C Anafi
- Department of Medicine, Chronobiology and Sleep Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David F Smith
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine and the Sleep Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Center for Circadian Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andrew C Liu
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Divisions of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
- Center for Circadian Medicine, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
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13
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Lane JM, Qian J, Mignot E, Redline S, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R. Genetics of circadian rhythms and sleep in human health and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:4-20. [PMID: 36028773 PMCID: PMC10947799 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms and sleep are fundamental biological processes integral to human health. Their disruption is associated with detrimental physiological consequences, including cognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular and immunological dysfunctions. Yet many of the molecular underpinnings of sleep regulation in health and disease have remained elusive. Given the moderate heritability of circadian and sleep traits, genetics offers an opportunity that complements insights from model organism studies to advance our fundamental molecular understanding of human circadian and sleep physiology and linked chronic disease biology. Here, we review recent discoveries of the genetics of circadian and sleep physiology and disorders with a focus on those that reveal causal contributions to complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Center for Narcolepsy, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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14
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Huang D, Zhang R, Gasparini S, McDonough MC, Paradee WJ, Geerling JC. Neuropeptide S (NPS) neurons: Parabrachial identity and novel distributions. J Comp Neurol 2022; 530:3157-3178. [PMID: 36036349 PMCID: PMC9588594 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) increases wakefulness. A small number of neurons in the brainstem express Nps. These neurons are located in or near the parabrachial nucleus (PB), but we know very little about their ontogeny, connectivity, and function. To identify Nps-expressing neurons within the molecular framework of the PB region, we used in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and Cre-reporter labeling in mice. The primary concentration of Nps-expressing neurons borders the lateral lemniscus at far-rostral levels of the lateral PB. Caudal to this main cluster, Nps-expressing neurons scatter through the PB and form a secondary concentration medial to the locus coeruleus (LC). Most Nps-expressing neurons in the PB region are Atoh1-derived, Foxp2-expressing, and mutually exclusive with neurons expressing Calca or Lmx1b. Among Foxp2-expressing PB neurons, those expressing Nps are distinct from intermingled subsets expressing Cck or Pdyn. Examining Nps Cre-reporter expression throughout the brain identified novel populations of neurons in the nucleus incertus, anterior hypothalamus, and lateral habenula. This information will help focus experimental questions about the connectivity and function of NPS neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dake Huang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa
| | - Richie Zhang
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowa
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15
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Li C, Wu XJ, Li W. Neuropeptide S promotes maintenance of newly formed dendritic spines and performance improvement after motor learning in mice. Peptides 2022; 156:170860. [PMID: 35970276 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS), an endogenous neuropeptide consisting of 20 amino acids, selectively binds and activates G protein-coupled receptor named neuropeptide S receptor (NPSR) to regulate a variety of physiological functions. NPS/NPSR system has been shown to play a pivotal role in regulating learning and memory in rodents. However, it remains unclear that how NPS/NPSR system affects neuronal functions and synaptic plasticity after learning. We found that intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of NPS promoted performance improvement and reduced sleep duration after motor learning, which could be blocked by pre-treatment with intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of NPSR antagonist SHA 68. Using intravital two-photon imaging, we examined the effect of NPS on the postsynaptic dendritic spines of layer V pyramidal neurons in the mouse primary motor cortex after motor learning. We found that i.c.v. injection of NPS strengthened learning-induce new spines and facilitated their survival over time. Furthermore, i.c.v. injection of NPS increased calcium activity of apical dendrites and dendritic spines of layer V pyramidal neurons in the mouse primary motor cortex during the running period. These findings suggest that activation of NPSR by NPS increases synaptic calcium activity and learning-related synapse maintenance, thereby contributing to performance improvement after motor learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xu-Jun Wu
- Institute of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China; School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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16
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Zheng L, Zhang L. The molecular mechanism of natural short sleep: A path towards understanding why we need to sleep. BRAIN SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.26599/bsa.2022.9050003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep constitutes a third of human life and it is increasingly recognized as important for health. Over the past several decades, numerous genes have been identified to be involved in sleep regulation in animal models, but most of these genes when disturbed impair not only sleep but also health and physiological functions. Human natural short sleepers are individuals with lifelong short sleep and no obvious adverse outcomes associated with the lack of sleep. These traits appear to be heritable, and thus characterization of the genetic basis of natural short sleep provides an opportunity to study not only the genetic mechanism of human sleep but also the relationship between sleep and physiological function. This review focuses on the current understanding of mutations associated with the natural short sleep trait and the mechanisms by which they contribute to this trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Luoying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
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17
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Weedon MN, Jones SE, Lane JM, Lee J, Ollila HM, Dawes A, Tyrrell J, Beaumont RN, Partonen T, Merikanto I, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Frayling TM, Rutter MK, Redline S, Sofer T, Saxena R, Wood AR. The impact of Mendelian sleep and circadian genetic variants in a population setting. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010356. [PMID: 36137075 PMCID: PMC9499244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare variants in ten genes have been reported to cause Mendelian sleep conditions characterised by extreme sleep duration or timing. These include familial natural short sleep (ADRB1, DEC2/BHLHE41, GRM1 and NPSR1), advanced sleep phase (PER2, PER3, CRY2, CSNK1D and TIMELESS) and delayed sleep phase (CRY1). The association of variants in these genes with extreme sleep conditions were usually based on clinically ascertained families, and their effects when identified in the population are unknown. We aimed to determine the effects of these variants on sleep traits in large population-based cohorts. We performed genetic association analysis of variants previously reported to be causal for Mendelian sleep and circadian conditions. Analyses were performed using 191,929 individuals with data on sleep and whole-exome or genome-sequence data from 4 population-based studies: UK Biobank, FINRISK, Health-2000-2001, and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We identified sleep disorders from self-report, hospital and primary care data. We estimated sleep duration and timing measures from self-report and accelerometery data. We identified carriers for 10 out of 12 previously reported pathogenic variants for 8 of the 10 genes. They ranged in frequency from 1 individual with the variant in CSNK1D to 1,574 individuals with a reported variant in the PER3 gene in the UK Biobank. No carriers for variants reported in NPSR1 or PER2 were identified. We found no association between variants analyzed and extreme sleep or circadian phenotypes. Using sleep timing as a proxy measure for sleep phase, only PER3 and CRY1 variants demonstrated association with earlier and later sleep timing, respectively; however, the magnitude of effect was smaller than previously reported (sleep midpoint ~7 mins earlier and ~5 mins later, respectively). We also performed burden tests of protein truncating (PTVs) or rare missense variants for the 10 genes. Only PTVs in PER2 and PER3 were associated with a relevant trait (for example, 64 individuals with a PTV in PER2 had an odds ratio of 4.4 for being "definitely a morning person", P = 4x10-8; and had a 57-minute earlier midpoint sleep, P = 5x10-7). Our results indicate that previously reported variants for Mendelian sleep and circadian conditions are often not highly penetrant when ascertained incidentally from the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N. Weedon
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel E. Jones
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jacqueline M. Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hanna M. Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Amy Dawes
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Jess Tyrrell
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Robin N. Beaumont
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Merikanto
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- SleepWell Research Program Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephen S. Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Torrance, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Timothy M. Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Martin K. Rutter
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Andrew R. Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Genetics is one of the various approaches adopted to understand and control mammalian sleep. Reverse genetics, which is usually applied to analyze sleep in gene-deficient mice, has been the mainstream field of genetic studies on sleep for the past three decades and has revealed that various molecules, including orexin, are involved in sleep regulation. Recently, forward genetic studies in humans and mice have identified gene mutations responsible for heritable sleep abnormalities, such as SIK3, NALCN, DEC2, the neuropeptide S receptor, and β1 adrenergic receptor. Furthermore, the protein kinase A-SIK3 pathway was shown to represent the intracellular neural signaling for sleep need. Large-scale genome-wide analyses of human sleep have been conducted, and many gene loci associated with individual differences in sleep have been found. The development of genome-editing technology and gene transfer by an adeno-associated virus has updated and expanded the genetic studies on mammals. These efforts are expected to elucidate the mechanisms of sleep–wake regulation and develop new therapeutic interventions for sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Funato
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 951-8585, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75390, Texas, USA
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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19
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Feingold CL, Smiley A. Healthy Sleep Every Day Keeps the Doctor Away. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10740. [PMID: 36078455 PMCID: PMC9518120 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
When one considers the big picture of their health, sufficient sleep may often go overlooked as a keystone element in this picture. Insufficient sleep in either quality or duration is a growing problem for our modern society. It is essential to look at what this means for our health because insufficient sleep increases our risks of innumerable lifechanging diseases. Beyond increasing the risk of developing these diseases, it also makes the symptoms and pathogenesis of many diseases worse. Additionally, consistent quality sleep can not only improve our physical health but has also been shown to improve mental health and overall quality of life. Substandard sleep health could be a root cause for numerous issues individuals may be facing in their lives. It is essential that physicians take the time to learn about how to educate their patients on sleep health and try to work with them on an individual level to help motivate lifestyle changes. Facilitating access to sleep education for their patients is one way in which physicians can help provide patients with the tools to improve their sleep health. Throughout this paper, we will review the mechanisms behind the relationship between insufficient sleep health and chronic disease and what the science says about how inadequate sleep health negatively impacts the overall health and the quality of our lives. We will also explain the lifechanging effects of sufficient sleep and how we can help patients get there.
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20
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Webb JM, Ma M, Yin C, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. An excitatory peri-tegmental reticular nucleus circuit for wake maintenance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203266119. [PMID: 35901245 PMCID: PMC9407645 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203266119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a necessity for our survival, but its regulation remains incompletely understood. Here, we used a human sleep duration gene to identify a population of cells in the peri-tegmental reticular nucleus (pTRNADRB1) that regulate sleep-wake, uncovering a role for a poorly understood brain area. Although initial ablation in mice led to increased wakefulness, further validation revealed that pTRNADRB1 neuron stimulation strongly promotes wakefulness, even after stimulation offset. Using combinatorial genetics, we found that excitatory pTRNADRB1 neurons promote wakefulness. pTRN neurons can be characterized as anterior- or posterior-projecting neurons based on multiplexed analysis of projections by sequencing (MAPseq) analysis. Finally, we found that pTRNADRB1 neurons promote wakefulness, in part, through projections to the lateral hypothalamus. Thus, human genetic information from a human sleep trait allowed us to identify a role for the pTRN in sleep-wake regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M. Webb
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Mingyang Ma
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Chen Yin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Louis J. Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
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21
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Gentry NW, McMahon T, Yamazaki M, Webb J, Arnold TD, Rosi S, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Microglia are involved in the protection of memories formed during sleep deprivation. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2022; 12:100073. [PMID: 35028489 PMCID: PMC8741522 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2021.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep deprivation can generate inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. In turn, this inflammation increases sleep drive, leading to a rebound in sleep duration. Microglia, the innate immune cells found exclusively in the CNS, have previously been found to release inflammatory signals and exhibit altered characteristics in response to sleep deprivation. Together, this suggests that microglia may be partially responsible for the brain's response to sleep deprivation through their inflammatory activity. In this study, we ablated microglia from the mouse brain and assessed resulting sleep, circadian, and sleep deprivation phenotypes. We find that microglia are dispensable for both homeostatic sleep and circadian function and the sleep rebound response to sleep deprivation. However, we uncover a phenomenon by which microglia appear to be essential for the protection of fear-conditioning memories formed during the recovery sleep period following a period of sleep deprivation. This phenomenon occurs potentially through the upregulation of synaptic-homeostasis related genes to protect nascent dendritic spines that may be otherwise removed or downscaled during recovery sleep. These findings further expand the list of known functions for microglia in synaptic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W. Gentry
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Thomas McMahon
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Maya Yamazaki
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - John Webb
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Thomas D. Arnold
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Susanna Rosi
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Louis J. Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
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22
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Dong Q, Gentry NW, McMahon T, Yamazaki M, Benitez-Rivera L, Wang T, Gan L, Ptáček L, Fu YH. Familial natural short sleep mutations reduce Alzheimer pathology in mice. iScience 2022; 25:103964. [PMID: 35496999 PMCID: PMC9042888 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although numerous studies have demonstrated that poor sleep increases the development of AD, direct evidence elucidating the benefits of good sleep on the AD pathogenesis is lacking. Familial Natural Short Sleepers (FNSS) are genetically wired to have lifelong reduction in nightly sleep duration without evident consequence on cognitive demise, implying that they may have better sleep quality. Here we investigated two FNSS mutations, DEC2-P384R and Npsr1-Y206H, on the development of tau and amyloid pathology in AD-like mouse models. We found that the development of tau pathology is attenuated in the hippocampus of tau mice carrying FNSS mutations. We also found that DEC2-P384R;5XFAD and female Npsr1-Y206H;5XFAD mice exhibit significantly less amyloid plaques than control mice at 6 months of age. Together, these results reveal that these two FNSS alleles are strong genetic modifiers of AD pathology and may confer resilience to the progression of tau pathology and amyloid plaque formation in neurodegeneration. Two FNSS mutations are strong genetic modifiers of AD-like pathology in mice Mutant DEC2 and Npsr1 reduced tau pathology in PS19 mouse model of tauopathy Mutant DEC2 and Npsr1 slowed down amyloid plaques in 5XFAD APP transgenic mouse model Efficient sleep may be an exciting therapeutic target for ameliorating AD development
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Dong
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Nicholas W Gentry
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Thomas McMahon
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maya Yamazaki
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lorena Benitez-Rivera
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tammy Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Li Gan
- Helen & Robert Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Louis Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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23
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Abstract
Sleep is entwined across many physiologic processes in the brain and periphery, thereby exerting tremendous influence on our well-being. Yet sleep exists in a social-environmental context. Contextualizing sleep health with respect to its determinants—from individual- to societal-level factors—would enable neuroscientists to more effectively translate sleep health into clinical practice. Key challenges and opportunities pertain to (i) recognizing and exploring sleep’s functional roles, (ii) clarifying causal mechanisms in relation to key outcomes, (iii) developing richer model systems, (iv) linking models to known contextual factors, and (v) leveraging advances in multisensory technology. Meeting these challenges and opportunities would help transcend disciplinary boundaries such that social-environmental considerations related to sleep would become an ever-greater presence in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Grandner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson, 1501 N. Campbell Ave., Suite AHSC 7326, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Fabian-Xosé Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona College of Science, 1503 E. University Blvd., Room 507, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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24
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Yook JH, Rizwan M, Shahid NUA, Naguit N, Jakkoju R, Laeeq S, Reghefaoui T, Zahoor H, Mohammed L. Some Twist of Molecular Circuitry Fast Forwards Overnight Sleep Hours: A Systematic Review of Natural Short Sleepers' Genes. Cureus 2021; 13:e19045. [PMID: 34722012 PMCID: PMC8547374 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review focuses on different genetic mutations identified in studies on natural short sleepers, who would not be ill-defined as one type of sleep-related disorder. The reviewed literature is from databases such as PubMed, PMC, Scopus, and ResearchGate. Due to the rare prevalence, the number of studies conducted on natural short sleepers is limited. Hence, searching the search of databases was done without any date restriction and included animal studies, since mouse and fly models share similarities with human sleep behaviors. Of the 12 articles analyzed, four conducted two types of studies, animal and human (cross-sectional or randomized-controlled studies), to testify the effects of human mutant genes in familial natural short sleepers via transgenic mouse or fly models. The remaining eight articles mainly focused on one type of study each: animal study (four articles), cross-sectional study (two articles), review (one article), and case report (one article). Hence, those articles brought different perspectives on the natural short sleep phenomenon by identifying intrinsic factors like DEC2, NPSR1, mGluR1, and β1-AR mutant genes. Natural short sleep traits in either point-mutations or single null mutations in those genes have been examined and confirmed its intrinsic nature in affected individuals without any related health concerns. Finally, this review added a potential limitation in these studies, mainly highlighting intrinsic causes since one case study reported an extrinsically triggered short sleep behavior in an older man without any family history. The overall result of the review study suggests that the molecular mechanisms tuned by identified sleep genes can give some potential points of therapeutic intervention in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Yook
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
- Medicine, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, CHN
| | - Muneeba Rizwan
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Noor Ul Ain Shahid
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Noreen Naguit
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Rakesh Jakkoju
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Sadia Laeeq
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Tiba Reghefaoui
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Hafsa Zahoor
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Lubna Mohammed
- Department of Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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25
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Abstract
Circadian rhythms, present in most phyla across life, are biological oscillations occurring on a daily cycle. Since the discovery of their molecular foundations in model organisms, many inputs that modify this tightly controlled system in humans have been identified. Polygenic variations and environmental factors influence each person's circadian rhythm, contributing to the trait known as chronotype, which manifests as the degree of morning or evening preference in an individual. Despite normal variation in chronotype, much of society operates on a "one size fits all" schedule that can be difficult to adjust to, especially for certain individuals whose endogenous circadian phase is extremely advanced or delayed. This is a public health concern, as phase misalignment in humans is associated with a number of adverse health outcomes. Additionally, modern technology (such as electric lights and computer, tablet, and phone screens that emit blue light) and lifestyles (such as shift or irregular work schedules) are disrupting circadian consistency in an increasing number of people. Though medical and lifestyle interventions can alleviate some of these issues, growing research on endogenous circadian variability and sensitivity suggests that broader social changes may be necessary to minimize the impact of circadian misalignment on health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology
- Institute for Human Genetics
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, and
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Louis J. Ptáček
- Department of Neurology
- Institute for Human Genetics
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, and
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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26
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Bengoetxea X, Goedecke L, Remmes J, Blaesse P, Grosch T, Lesting J, Pape HC, Jüngling K. Human-Specific Neuropeptide S Receptor Variants Regulate Fear Extinction in the Basal Amygdala of Male and Female Mice Depending on Threat Salience. Biol Psychiatry 2021; 90:145-155. [PMID: 33902914 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.02.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in the neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) gene (rs324981) results in isoleucine-to-asparagine substitution at amino acid 107. In humans, the ancestral variant (NPSR1 I107) is associated with increased anxiety sensitivity and risk of panic disorder, while the human-specific variant (NPSR1 N107) is considered protective against excessive anxiety. In rodents, neurobiological constituents of the NPS system have been analyzed in detail and their anxiolytic-like effects have been endorsed. However, their implication for anxiety and related disorders in humans remains unclear, as rodents carry only the ancestral NPSR1 I107 variant. METHODS We hypothesized that phenotypic correlates of NPSR1 variants manifest in fear-related circuits in the amygdala. We used CRISPR/Cas9 (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9)-mediated gene editing to generate a "humanized" mouse strain, in which individuals express either NPSR1 I107 or NPSR1 N107. RESULTS Stimulation of NPSR1 evoked excitatory responses in principal neurons of the anterior basal amygdala with significant differences in magnitude between genotypes, resulting in synaptic disinhibition of putative extinction neurons in the posterior basal amygdala in mice expressing the human-specific hypofunctional N107 but not the ancestral I107 variant. N107 mice displayed improved extinction of conditioned fear, which was phenocopied after pharmacological antagonism of NPSR1 in the anterior basal amygdala of I107 mice. Differences in fear extinction between male and female mice were related to an interaction of Npsr1 genotype and salience of fear training. CONCLUSIONS The NPS system regulates extinction circuits in the amygdala depending on the Npsr1 genotype, contributing to sex-specific differences in fear extinction and high anxiety sensitivity of individuals bearing the ancestral NPSR1 I107 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xabier Bengoetxea
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Goedecke
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Jasmin Remmes
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Peter Blaesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Grosch
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Lesting
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Pape
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Kay Jüngling
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
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27
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Webb JM, Fu YH. Recent advances in sleep genetics. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 69:19-24. [PMID: 33360546 PMCID: PMC8217384 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sleep regulation has a strong genetic component. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in sleep genetics from knockout, point mutation, and GWAS studies. We overview specific genetic effects on REM versus NREM sleep as well as how the implicated genes fall in broad functional categories. Furthermore, we elucidate how genes affect different aspects of sleep including sleep duration, sleep consolidation, recovery sleep, and the circadian timing of sleep, demonstrating that genetic studies can be powerful in understanding how the body regulates sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Webb
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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28
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Kushikata T, Hirota K, Saito J, Takekawa D. Roles of Neuropeptide S in Anesthesia, Analgesia, and Sleep. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050483. [PMID: 34069327 PMCID: PMC8158725 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptide S (NPS) is an endogenous peptide that regulates various physiological functions, such as immune functions, anxiety-like behaviors, learning and memory, the sleep–wake rhythm, ingestion, energy balance, and drug addiction. These processes include the NPS receptor (NPSR1). The NPS–NPSR1 system is also significantly associated with the onset of disease, as well as these physiologic functions. For example, NPS is involved in bronchial asthma, anxiety and awakening disorders, and rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, among the various functions, we focus on the role of NPS in anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness; analgesia, mainly by anesthesia; and sleep–wakefulness. Progress in the field regarding the functions of endogenous peptides in the brain, including NPS, suggests that these three domains share common mechanisms. Further NPS research will help to elucidate in detail how these three domains interact with each other in their functions, and may contribute to improving the quality of medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kushikata
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Zaifu 5, Hirosaki 0368562, Japan; (K.H.); (J.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kazuyoshi Hirota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Zaifu 5, Hirosaki 0368562, Japan; (K.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Junichi Saito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki University, Zaifu 5, Hirosaki 0368562, Japan; (K.H.); (J.S.)
| | - Daiki Takekawa
- Department of Anesthesia, Hirosaki University Hospital, Honcho 53, Hirosaki 0368563, Japan;
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29
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Reinscheid RK, Ruzza C. Pharmacology, Physiology and Genetics of the Neuropeptide S System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14050401. [PMID: 33922620 PMCID: PMC8146834 DOI: 10.3390/ph14050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The Neuropeptide S (NPS) system is a rather ‘young’ transmitter system that was discovered and functionally described less than 20 years ago. This review highlights the progress that has been made in elucidating its pharmacology, anatomical distribution, and functional involvement in a variety of physiological effects, including behavior and immune functions. Early on, genetic variations of the human NPS receptor (NPSR1) have attracted attention and we summarize current hypotheses of genetic linkage with disease and human behaviors. Finally, we review the therapeutic potential of future drugs modulating NPS signaling. This review serves as an introduction to the broad collection of original research papers and reviews from experts in the field that are presented in this Special Issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer K. Reinscheid
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physiology I, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische-Wilhelms University, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Correspondence: (R.K.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Chiara Ruzza
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: (R.K.R.); (C.R.)
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30
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Panchin Y, Kovalzon VM. Total Wake: Natural, Pathological, and Experimental Limits to Sleep Reduction. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:643496. [PMID: 33897357 PMCID: PMC8058214 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.643496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is not considered a pathological state, but it consumes a third of conscious human life. This share is much more than most optimistic life extension forecasts that biotechnologies or experimental and medical interventions can offer. Are there insurmountable physical or biological limitations to reducing the duration of sleep? How far can it be avoided without fatal consequences? What means can reduce the length of sleep? It is widely accepted that sleep is necessary for long-term survival. Here we review the limited yet intriguing evidence that is not consistent with this notion. We concentrate on clinical cases of complete and partial loss of sleep and on human mutations that result in a short sleep phenotype. These observations are supported by new animal studies and are discussed from the perspective of sleep evolution. Two separate hypotheses suggest distinct approaches for remodeling our sleep machinery. If sleep serves an unidentified vital physiological function, this indispensable function has to be identified before “sleep prosthesis” (technical, biological, or chemical) can be developed. If sleep has no vital function, but rather represents a timing mechanism for adaptive inactivity, sleep could be reduced by forging the sleep generation system itself, with no adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Panchin
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Mathematical Methods in Biology, Belozersky Institute, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir M Kovalzon
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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31
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Reinscheid RK, Mafessoni F, Lüttjohann A, Jüngling K, Pape HC, Schulz S. Neandertal introgression and accumulation of hypomorphic mutations in the neuropeptide S (NPS) system promote attenuated functionality. Peptides 2021; 138:170506. [PMID: 33556445 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The neuropeptide S (NPS) system plays an important role in fear and fear memory processing but has also been associated with allergic and inflammatory diseases. Genes for NPS and its receptor NPSR1 are found in all tetrapods. Compared to non-human primates, several non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) occur in both human genes that collectively result in functional attenuation, suggesting adaptive mechanisms in a human context. To investigate historic and geographic origins of these hypomorphic mutations and explore genetic signs of selection, we analyzed ancient genomes and worldwide genotype frequencies of four prototypic SNPs in the NPS system. Neandertal and Denisovan genomes contain exclusively ancestral alleles for NPSR1 while all derived alleles occur in ancient genomes of anatomically modern humans, indicating that they arose in modern Homo sapiens. Worldwide genotype frequencies for three hypomorphic NPSR1 SNPs show significant regional homogeneity but follow a gradient towards increasing derived allele frequencies that supports an out-of-Africa scenario. Increased density of high-frequency polymorphisms around the three NPSR1 loci suggests weak or possibly balancing selection. A hypomorphic mutation in the NPS precursor, however, was detected at high frequency in Eurasian Neandertal genomes and shows genetic signatures indicating that it was introgressed into the human gene pool, particularly in Southern Europe, by interbreeding with Neandertals. We discuss potential evolutionary scenarios including behavior and immune-based natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer K Reinscheid
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany; Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische-Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany.
| | | | - Annika Lüttjohann
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische-Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Kay Jüngling
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische-Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Christian Pape
- Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische-Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany
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32
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Induction of Mutant Sik3Sleepy Allele in Neurons in Late Infancy Increases Sleep Need. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2733-2746. [PMID: 33558433 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1004-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep is regulated in a homeostatic manner. Sleep deprivation increases sleep need, which is compensated mainly by increased EEG δ power during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and, to a lesser extent, by increased sleep amount. Although genetic factors determine the constitutive level of sleep need and sleep amount in mice and humans, the molecular entity behind sleep need remains unknown. Recently, we found that a gain-of-function Sleepy (Slp) mutation in the salt-inducible kinase 3 (Sik3) gene, which produces the mutant SIK3(SLP) protein, leads to an increase in NREMS EEG δ power and sleep amount. Since Sik3Slp mice express SIK3(SLP) in various types of cells in the brain as well as multiple peripheral tissues from the embryonic stage, the cell type and developmental stage responsible for the sleep phenotype in Sik3Slp mice remain to be elucidated. Here, we generated two mouse lines, synapsin1CreERT2 and Sik3ex13flox mice, which enable inducible Cre-mediated, conditional expression of SIK3(SLP) in neurons on tamoxifen administration. Administration of tamoxifen to synapsin1CreERT2 mice during late infancy resulted in higher recombination efficiency than administration during adolescence. SIK3(SLP) expression after late infancy increased NREMS and NREMS δ power in male synapsin1CreERT2; Sik3 ex13flox/+ mice. The expression of SIK3(SLP) after adolescence led to a higher NREMS δ power without a significant change in NREMS amounts. Thus, neuron-specific expression of SIK3(SLP) after late infancy is sufficient to increase sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The propensity to accumulate sleep need during wakefulness and to dissipate it during sleep underlies the homeostatic regulation of sleep. However, little is known about the developmental stage and cell types involved in determining the homeostatic regulation of sleep. Here, we show that Sik3Slp allele induction in mature neurons in late infancy is sufficient to increase non-rapid eye movement sleep amount and non-rapid eye movement sleep δ power. SIK3 signaling in neurons constitutes an intracellular mechanism to increase sleep.
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33
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Kitazawa H, Hasegawa K, Aruga D, Tanaka M. Potential Genetic Contributions of the Central Nervous System to a Predisposition to Elite Athletic Traits: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030371. [PMID: 33807752 PMCID: PMC8000928 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent remarkable advances in genetic technologies have allowed for the identification of genetic factors potentially related to a predisposition to elite athletic performance. Most of these genetic variants seem to be implicated in musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary functions. Conversely, it remains unclear whether functions of the central nervous system (CNS) genetically contribute to elite athletic traits, although the CNS plays critical roles in exercise performance. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the emerging implications of CNS-related genes in the modulation of brain activities, including mental performance and motor-related traits, thereby potentially contributing to high levels of exercise performance. In this review, recent advances are summarized, and future research directions are discussed in regard to CNS-related genes with potential roles in a predisposition to elite athletic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Kitazawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Science University, 7187 Kodachi, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan; (H.K.); (D.A.)
| | - Kazuya Hasegawa
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Morioka University, 808 Sunakomi, Takizawa City, Iwate 020-0694, Japan;
| | - Daichi Aruga
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Science University, 7187 Kodachi, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan; (H.K.); (D.A.)
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Health Science University, 7187 Kodachi, Fujikawaguchiko-machi, Minamitsuru-gun, Yamanashi 401-0380, Japan; (H.K.); (D.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-555-83-5200
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34
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Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. The whole is greater than the sum of the parts. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:145965. [PMID: 33463539 PMCID: PMC7810464 DOI: 10.1172/jci145965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Buonfiglio D, Hummer DL, Armstrong A, Christopher Ehlen J, DeBruyne JP. Angelman syndrome and melatonin: What can they teach us about sleep regulation. J Pineal Res 2020; 69:e12697. [PMID: 32976638 PMCID: PMC7577950 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
In 1965, Dr Harry Angelman reported a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting three unrelated children who had similar symptoms: brachycephaly, mental retardation, ataxia, seizures, protruding tongues, and remarkable paroxysms of laughter. Over the past 50 years, the disorder became Angelman's namesake and symptomology was expanded to include hyper-activity, stereotypies, and severe sleep disturbances. The sleep disorders in many Angelman syndrome (AS) patients are broadly characterized by difficulty falling and staying asleep at night. Some of these patients sleep less than 4 hours a night and, in most cases, do not make up this lost sleep during the day-leading to the speculation that AS patients may "need" less sleep. Most AS patients also have severely reduced levels of melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland exclusively at night. This nightly pattern of melatonin production is thought to help synchronize internal circadian rhythms and promote nighttime sleep in humans and other diurnal species. It has been proposed that reduced melatonin levels contribute to the sleep problems in AS patients. Indeed, emerging evidence suggests melatonin replacement therapy can improve sleep in many AS patients. However, AS mice show sleep problems that are arguably similar to those in humans despite being on genetic backgrounds that do not make melatonin. This suggests the hypothesis that the change in nighttime melatonin may be a secondary factor rather than the root cause of the sleeping disorder. The goals of this review article are to revisit the sleep and melatonin findings in both AS patients and animal models of AS and discuss what AS may tell us about the underlying mechanisms of, and interplay between, melatonin and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Buonfiglio
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel L Hummer
- Department of Psychology, Morehouse College, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ariel Armstrong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Jason P DeBruyne
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Shi G, Yin C, Fan Z, Xing L, Mostovoy Y, Kwok PY, Ashbrook LH, Krystal AD, Ptáček LJ, Fu YH. Mutations in Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 Contribute to Natural Short Sleep Trait. Curr Biol 2020; 31:13-24.e4. [PMID: 33065013 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Sufficient and efficient sleep is crucial for our health. Natural short sleepers can sleep significantly shorter than the average population without a desire for more sleep and without any obvious negative health consequences. In searching for genetic variants underlying the short sleep trait, we found two different mutations in the same gene (metabotropic glutamate receptor 1) from two independent natural short sleep families. In vitro, both of the mutations exhibited loss of function in receptor-mediated signaling. In vivo, the mice carrying the individual mutations both demonstrated short sleep behavior. In brain slices, both of the mutations changed the electrical properties and increased excitatory synaptic transmission. These results highlight the important role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 in modulating sleep duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangsen Shi
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Chen Yin
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zenghua Fan
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Lijuan Xing
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yulia Mostovoy
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Pui-Yan Kwok
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Liza H Ashbrook
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Andrew D Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Louis J Ptáček
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Ying-Hui Fu
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Weill Institute for Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Abstract
Sleep is a ubiquitous and complex behavior in both its manifestation and regulation. Despite its essential role in maintaining optimal performance, health, and well-being, the genetic mechanisms underlying sleep remain poorly understood. Here, we review the forward genetic approaches undertaken in the last four years to elucidate the genes and gene pathways affecting sleep and its regulation. Despite an increasing number of studies and mining large databases, a coherent picture on “sleep” genes has yet to emerge. We highlight the results achieved by using unbiased genetic screens mainly in humans, mice, and fruit flies with an emphasis on normal sleep and make reference to lessons learned from the circadian field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Jan
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Bruce F O'Hara
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40515, USA
| | - Paul Franken
- Centre for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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Genetics of Circadian and Sleep Measures in Adults: Implications for Sleep Medicine. CURRENT SLEEP MEDICINE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40675-020-00165-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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