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The Potential of Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives as Antifungal Agents: A Review. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14030188. [PMID: 35324685 PMCID: PMC8954725 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14030188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal contamination presents several problems: in humans, health issues arise from infections with opportunistic filamentous fungi and yeast, while in food, fungi cause spoilage and, in particular, in the case of mycotoxigenic fungi, can cause serious health issues. Several types of fatty acids and their derivatives, oxylipins, have been found to have inhibitory effect towards fungal growth and the production of mycotoxins. The use of fatty acids as antifungals could fulfil consumer’s requests of more natural and environmentally friendly compounds, while being less likely to promote fungal resistance. In addition, due to their nature, fatty acids are easily used as food additives. In this work, we review the most relevant and recent studies on the antifungal ability of fatty acids. We focused on saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, and oxylipins, their different impact on fungal inhibition, their proposed modes of action, and their ability to impair mycotoxin production. Applications of fatty acids as antifungals and their limitations are also addressed.
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2
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Li SF, Zhang SB, Lv YY, Zhai HC, Hu YS, Cai JP. Transcriptome analysis reveals the underlying mechanism of heptanal against Aspergillus flavus spore germination. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1241-1255. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Rodrigo S, García-Latorre C, Santamaria O. Metabolites Produced by Fungi against Fungal Phytopathogens: Review, Implementation and Perspectives. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:81. [PMID: 35009084 PMCID: PMC8747711 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many fungi, especially endophytes, have been found to produce multiple benefits in their plant hosts, with many of these benefits associated with the protection of plants against fungal diseases. This fact could be used in the development of new bio-products that could gradually reduce the need for chemical fungicides, which have been associated with multiple health and environmental problems. However, the utilization of the living organism may present several issues, such as an inconsistency in the results obtained and more complicated management and application, as fungal species are highly influenced by environmental conditions, the type of relationship with the plant host and interaction with other microorganisms. These issues could be addressed by using the bioactive compounds produced by the fungus, in cases where they were responsible for positive effects, instead of the living organism. Multiple bioactive compounds produced by fungal species, especially endophytes, with antifungal properties have been previously reported in the literature. However, despite the large amount of these metabolites and their potential, extensive in-field application on a large scale has not yet been implemented. In the present review, the main aspects explaining this limited implementation are analyzed, and the present and future perspectives for its development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rodrigo
- Department of Agronomy and Forest Environment Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avda, Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (S.R.); (C.G.-L.)
| | - Carlos García-Latorre
- Department of Agronomy and Forest Environment Engineering, University of Extremadura, Avda, Adolfo Suárez s/n, 06007 Badajoz, Spain; (S.R.); (C.G.-L.)
| | - Oscar Santamaria
- Department of Construction and Agronomy, University of Salamanca, Avda, Cardenal Cisneros 34, 49029 Zamora, Spain
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Horká P, Vrkoslav V, Kindl J, Schwarzová-Pecková K, Cvačka J. Structural Characterization of Unusual Fatty Acid Methyl Esters with Double and Triple Bonds Using HPLC/APCI-MS 2 with Acetonitrile In-Source Derivatization. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216468. [PMID: 34770878 PMCID: PMC8588306 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Double and triple bonds have significant effects on the biological activities of lipids. Determining multiple bond positions in their molecules by mass spectrometry usually requires chemical derivatization. This work presents an HPLC/MS method for pinpointing the double and triple bonds in fatty acids. Fatty acid methyl esters were separated by reversed-phase HPLC with an acetonitrile mobile phase. In the APCI source, acetonitrile formed reactive species, which added to double and triple bonds to form [M + C3H5N]+• ions. Their collisional activation in an ion trap provided fragments helpful in localizing the multiple bond positions. This approach was applied to fatty acids with isolated, cumulated, and conjugated double bonds and triple bonds. The fatty acids were isolated from the fat body of early-nesting bumblebee Bombus pratorum and seeds or seed oils of Punicum granatum, Marrubium vulgare, and Santalum album. Using the method, the presence of the known fatty acids was confirmed, and new ones were discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Horká
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 166 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (V.V.); (J.K.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
| | - Vladimír Vrkoslav
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 166 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (V.V.); (J.K.)
| | - Jiří Kindl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 166 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (V.V.); (J.K.)
| | - Karolina Schwarzová-Pecková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
| | - Josef Cvačka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Náměstí 542/2, 166 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic; (P.H.); (V.V.); (J.K.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-220-183-303
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Stimulation of insulin secretion by acetylenic fatty acids in insulinoma MIN6 cells through FFAR1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:68-73. [PMID: 31740001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether the acetylenic fatty acids 6-octadecynoic acid (6-ODA) and 9-octadecynoic acid (9-ODA) perform as ligands for free fatty acid receptors of medium- and long-chain fatty acids FFAR1 and FFAR4, previously called GPR40 and GPR120, respectively. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 was increased through FFAR1 but not through FFAR4 expressed in HEK 293 cells, suggesting that 6-ODA and 9-ODA function as an FFAR1 ligand, but not as an FFAR4 ligand. Activation of ERK in FFAR1-expressing HEK293 cells by 6-ODA and 9-ODA peaked at 10 min after stimulation followed by a slow decrease, similar to ERK activation by rosiglitazone, which peaked at 10 min after stimulation and lasted longer. Glucose-dependent production of insulin from MIN6 insulinoma cells was induced by 6-ODA and 9-ODA in an FFAR1-dependent manner. In this process, 6-ODA and 9-ODA stimulated the production of insulin not in the first phase that occurred within 10 min after stimulation but in the second phase. F-actin-remodeling that reflects insulin granule recruiting to the plasma membrane in the second phase of insulin secretion by 6-ODA and 9-ODA suggested that they have an FFAR1-dependent function in insulin secretion from MIN6 cells.
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Wong JH, Ng TB, Wang H, Cheung RCF, Ng CCW, Ye X, Yang J, Liu F, Ling C, Chan K, Ye X, Chan WY. Antifungal Proteins with Antiproliferative Activity on Cancer Cells and HIV-1 Enzyme Inhibitory Activity from Medicinal Plants and Medicinal Fungi. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:265-276. [PMID: 29895244 DOI: 10.2174/1389203719666180613085704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A variety of fungi, plants, and their different tissues are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to improve health, and some of them are recommended for dietary therapy. Many of these plants and fungi contain antifungal proteins and peptides which suppress spore germination and hyphal growth in phytopathogenic fungi. The aim of this article is to review antifungal proteins produced by medicinal plants and fungi used in Chinese medicine which also possess anticancer and human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) enzyme inhibitory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Ho Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tzi Bun Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hexiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology and Department of Microbiology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Randy Chi Fai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Charlene Cheuk Wing Ng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiuyun Ye
- National Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficiency Enzyme Expression and College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jie Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for High-Efficiency Enzyme Expression and College of Biological Science and Technology, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Ling
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32611, FL, United States
| | - Ki Chan
- Biomedical and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiujuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, and Key Laboratory of Biopesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Wai Yee Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Protocol for Identifying Natural Agents That Selectively Affect Adhesion, Thickness, Architecture, Cellular Phenotypes, Extracellular Matrix, and Human White Blood Cell Impenetrability of Candida albicans Biofilms. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.01319-17. [PMID: 28893778 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01319-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the screening of natural plant extracts for antifungal activity, assessment of their effects on the growth of cells in suspension or in the wells of microtiter plates is expedient. However, microorganisms, including Candida albicans, grow in nature as biofilms, which are organized cellular communities with a complex architecture capable of conditioning their microenvironment, communicating, and excluding low- and high-molecular-weight molecules and white blood cells. Here, a confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) protocol for testing the effects of large numbers of agents on biofilm development is described. The protocol assessed nine parameters from a single z-stack series of CLSM scans for each individual biofilm analyzed. The parameters included adhesion, thickness, formation of a basal yeast cell polylayer, hypha formation, the vertical orientation of hyphae, the hyphal bend point, pseudohypha formation, calcofluor white staining of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and human white blood cell impenetrability. The protocol was applied first to five plant extracts and derivative compounds and then to a collection of 88 previously untested plant extracts. They were found to cause a variety of phenotypic profiles, as was the case for 64 of the 88 extracts (73%). Half of the 46 extracts that did not affect biofilm thickness affected other biofilm parameters. Correlations between specific effects were revealed. The protocol will be useful not only in the screening of chemical libraries but also in the analysis of compounds with known effects and mutations.
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Antifungal mechanism of the combination of Cinnamomum verum and Pelargonium graveolens essential oils with fluconazole against pathogenic Candida strains. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6993-7006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8442-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Sun JY, Guo X, Smith MA. Identification of Crepenynic Acid in the Seed Oil of Atractylodes lancea and A. macrocephala. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-017-2974-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Merhej J, Thiebaut A, Blugeon C, Pouch J, Ali Chaouche MEA, Camadro JM, Le Crom S, Lelandais G, Devaux F. A Network of Paralogous Stress Response Transcription Factors in the Human Pathogen Candida glabrata. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:645. [PMID: 27242683 PMCID: PMC4860858 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The yeast Candida glabrata has become the second cause of systemic candidemia in humans. However, relatively few genome-wide studies have been conducted in this organism and our knowledge of its transcriptional regulatory network is quite limited. In the present work, we combined genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP-seq), transcriptome analyses, and DNA binding motif predictions to describe the regulatory interactions of the seven Yap (Yeast AP1) transcription factors of C. glabrata. We described a transcriptional network containing 255 regulatory interactions and 309 potential target genes. We predicted with high confidence the preferred DNA binding sites for 5 of the 7 CgYaps and showed a strong conservation of the Yap DNA binding properties between S. cerevisiae and C. glabrata. We provided reliable functional annotation for 3 of the 7 Yaps and identified for Yap1 and Yap5 a core regulon which is conserved in S. cerevisiae, C. glabrata, and C. albicans. We uncovered new roles for CgYap7 in the regulation of iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, for CgYap1 in the regulation of heme biosynthesis and for CgYap5 in the repression of GRX4 in response to iron starvation. These transcription factors define an interconnected transcriptional network at the cross-roads between redox homeostasis, oxygen consumption, and iron metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Merhej
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France
| | - Antonin Thiebaut
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France
| | - Corinne Blugeon
- École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, Plateforme Génomique Paris, France
| | - Juliette Pouch
- École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, Plateforme Génomique Paris, France
| | - Mohammed El Amine Ali Chaouche
- École Normale Supérieure, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Biologie de l'École Normale Supérieure, Plateforme Génomique Paris, France
| | - Jean-Michel Camadro
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Le Crom
- Évolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7138, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Lelandais
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 7592, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Devaux
- Laboratoire de Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut de Biologie Paris-Seine, UMR 7238, Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris, France
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11
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Calcium signaling mediates antifungal activity of triazole drugs in the Aspergilli. Fungal Genet Biol 2015; 81:182-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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12
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Kim JH, Lee HO, Cho YJ, Kim J, Chun J, Choi J, Lee Y, Jung WH. A vanillin derivative causes mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers oxidative stress in Cryptococcus neoformans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89122. [PMID: 24586538 PMCID: PMC3930674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vanillin is a well-known food and cosmetic additive and has antioxidant and antimutagenic properties. It has also been suggested to have antifungal activity against major human pathogenic fungi, although it is not very effective. In this study, the antifungal activities of vanillin and 33 vanillin derivatives against the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, the main pathogen of cryptococcal meningitis in immunocompromised patients, were investigated. We found a structural correlation between the vanillin derivatives and antifungal activity, showing that the hydroxyl or alkoxy group is more advantageous than the halogenated or nitrated group in benzaldehyde. Among the vanillin derivatives with a hydroxyl or alkoxy group, o-vanillin and o-ethyl vanillin showed the highest antifungal activity against C. neoformans. o-Vanillin was further studied to understand the mechanism of antifungal action. We compared the transcriptome of C. neoformans cells untreated or treated with o-vanillin by using RNA sequencing and found that the compound caused mitochondrial dysfunction and triggered oxidative stress. These antifungal mechanisms of o-vanillin were experimentally confirmed by the significantly reduced growth of the mutants lacking the genes involved in mitochondrial functions and oxidative stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyo Kim
- Chemical Safety Division, National Academy of Agriculture Science, Rural Development of Administration, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Ok Lee
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Joon Cho
- ChunLab, Inc., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmi Kim
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongsik Chun
- ChunLab, Inc., Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongup, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghoon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hee Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Sanabria-Ríos DJ, Rivera-Torres Y, Maldonado-Domínguez G, Domínguez I, Ríos C, Díaz D, Rodríguez JW, Altieri-Rivera JS, Ríos-Olivares E, Cintrón G, Montano N, Carballeira NM. Antibacterial activity of 2-alkynoic fatty acids against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Chem Phys Lipids 2013; 178:84-91. [PMID: 24365283 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The first study aimed at determining the structural characteristics needed to prepare antibacterial 2-alkynoic fatty acids (2-AFAs) was accomplished by synthesizing several 2-AFAs and other analogs in 18-76% overall yields. Among all the compounds tested, the 2-hexadecynoic acid (2-HDA) displayed the best overall antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (MIC=15.6 μg/mL), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (MIC=15.5 μg/mL), and Bacillus cereus (MIC=31.3 μg/mL), as well as against the Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.8 μg/mL) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC=125 μg/mL). In addition, 2-HDA displayed significant antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300 (MIC=15.6 μg/mL) and clinical isolates of MRSA (MIC=3.9 μg/mL). No direct relationship was found between the antibacterial activity of 2-AFAs and their critical micelle concentration (CMC) suggesting that the antibacterial properties of these fatty acids are not mediated by micelle formation. It was demonstrated that the presence of a triple bond at C-2 and the carboxylic acid moiety in 2-AFAs are important for their antibacterial activity. 2-HDA has the potential to be further evaluated for use in antibacterial formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Sanabria-Ríos
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, PO Box 191293, San Juan, PR 00919, United States.
| | - Yaritza Rivera-Torres
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, PO Box 191293, San Juan, PR 00919, United States
| | - Gamalier Maldonado-Domínguez
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, PO Box 191293, San Juan, PR 00919, United States
| | - Idializ Domínguez
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, PO Box 191293, San Juan, PR 00919, United States
| | - Camille Ríos
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, PO Box 191293, San Juan, PR 00919, United States
| | - Damarith Díaz
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, Metropolitan Campus, PO Box 191293, San Juan, PR 00919, United States
| | - José W Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, PO Box 60327, Bayamón, PR 00960, United States
| | - Joanne S Altieri-Rivera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, PO Box 60327, Bayamón, PR 00960, United States
| | - Eddy Ríos-Olivares
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Universidad Central del Caribe School of Medicine, PO Box 60327, Bayamón, PR 00960, United States
| | - Gabriel Cintrón
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23346, San Juan, PR 00931-3346, United States
| | - Nashbly Montano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23346, San Juan, PR 00931-3346, United States
| | - Néstor M Carballeira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23346, San Juan, PR 00931-3346, United States
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14
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The natural diyne-furan fatty acid EV-086 is an inhibitor of fungal delta-9 fatty acid desaturation with efficacy in a model of skin dermatophytosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2013; 58:455-66. [PMID: 24189258 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01443-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human fungal infections represent a therapeutic challenge. Although effective strategies for treatment are available, resistance is spreading, and many therapies have unacceptable side effects. A clear need for novel antifungal targets and molecules is thus emerging. Here, we present the identification and characterization of the plant-derived diyne-furan fatty acid EV-086 as a novel antifungal compound. EV-086 has potent and broad-spectrum activity in vitro against Candida, Aspergillus, and Trichophyton spp., whereas activities against bacteria and human cell lines are very low. Chemical-genetic profiling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae deletion mutants identified lipid metabolic processes and organelle organization and biogenesis as targets of EV-086. Pathway modeling suggested that EV-086 inhibits delta-9 fatty acid desaturation, an essential process in S. cerevisiae, depending on the delta-9 fatty acid desaturase OLE1. Delta-9 unsaturated fatty acids-but not saturated fatty acids-antagonized the EV-086-mediated growth inhibition, and transcription of the OLE1 gene was strongly upregulated in the presence of EV-086. EV-086 increased the ratio of saturated to unsaturated free fatty acids and phosphatidylethanolamine fatty acyl chains, respectively. Furthermore, EV-086 was rapidly taken up into the lipid fraction of the cell and incorporated into phospholipids. Together, these findings demonstrate that EV-086 is an inhibitor of delta-9 fatty acid desaturation and that the mechanism of inhibition might involve an EV-086-phospholipid. Finally, EV-086 showed efficacy in a guinea pig skin dermatophytosis model of topical Trichophyton infection, which demonstrates that delta-9 fatty acid desaturation is a valid antifungal target, at least for dermatophytoses.
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15
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Kuklev DV, Domb AJ, Dembitsky VM. Bioactive acetylenic metabolites. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:1145-1159. [PMID: 23871125 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This article focuses on anticancer, and other biological activities of acetylenic metabolites obtained from plants and fungi. Acetylenic compounds belong to a class of molecules containing triple bond(s). Naturally occurring acetylenics are of particular interest since many of them display important biological activities and possess antitumor, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal, and immunosuppressive properties. There are of great interest for medicine, pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, and pharmaceutical industries. This review presents structures and describes cytotoxic activities of more than 100 acetylenic metabolites, including fatty alcohols, ketones, and acids, acetylenic cyclohexanoids, spiroketal enol ethers, and carotenoids isolated from fungi and plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry V Kuklev
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Carballeira NM. Recent developments in the antiprotozoal and anticancer activities of the 2-alkynoic fatty acids. Chem Phys Lipids 2013; 172-173:58-66. [PMID: 23727443 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The 2-alkynoic fatty acids are an interesting group of synthetic compounds that display antimycobacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and pesticidal activities but their antiprotozoal activity has received little attention until recently. In this review we have summarized our present knowledge of the biomedical potential of the 2-hexadecynoic acid (2-HDA) and 2-octadecynoic acid (2-ODA) together with several mechanistic pieces of work attesting to the fact that these compounds, and their metabolites, are good fatty acid biosynthesis inhibitors. The antiprotozoal activity of 2-HDA and 2-ODA against Leishmania donovani and Plasmodium falciparum, parasites responsible for visceral leishmaniasis and malaria, respectively, is also reviewed. The evidence obtained so far supports the fact that these fatty acids are good inhibitors of the L. donovani DNA topoisomerase IB enzyme (LdTopIB) and the potency of LdTopIB inhibition is chain length dependent. We also demonstrate the generality of the antiprotozoal activity of 2-HDA and 2-ODA against P. falciparum, and review our present knowledge of their inhibition of key P. falciparum enzymes such as PfFabZ, PfFabG, and PfFabI together with some possible modes of inhibition. Recent research by our group has also demonstrated that 2-ODA displays antineoplastic activity, specifically against the neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell line via lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, which is a cell death mechanism principally associated to necrosis. This is the first comprehensive review of the medicinal chemistry of this interesting group of acetylenic fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Néstor M Carballeira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus, PO Box 23346, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico.
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Savoia D. Plant-derived antimicrobial compounds: alternatives to antibiotics. Future Microbiol 2013; 7:979-90. [PMID: 22913356 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.12.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of drug-resistant pathogens has drawn the attention of the pharmaceutical and scientific communities towards studies on the potential antimicrobial activity of plant-derived substances, an untapped source of antimicrobial chemotypes, which are used in traditional medicine in different countries. The aim of this review is to provide recent insights regarding the possibilities of the most important natural antimicrobial compounds derived from plant sources containing a wide variety of secondary metabolites, which are useful as alternative strategies to control infectious diseases. This review will focus on natural plant products as a useful source of antimicrobial molecules, active in particular, on bacteria and fungi. When considering that many of these compounds, which have been used for centuries, are a source of new drugs and that there are ever-increasing technical breakthroughs, it can be envisaged that in the next years some different molecules discovered by ingenious screening programs and obtained from different plant oils and extracts will become useful therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianella Savoia
- Department of Clinical & Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.
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