Biliary elimination of apalcillin in humans

Ciprofloxacin biliary disposition in cholecystectomised patients with special references to HPLC and bioassay data

The biliary disposition of ciprofloxacin was studied in 12 recently cholecystectomised patients during 24 hours following a single oral administration of 500 mg of the drug. Ciprofloxacin was measured in serum, urine, bile and faeces by both high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and bioassay. The results were found to be comparable for the concentrations in serum (mean Cmax = 0.97 +/- 0.17 microgram/ml by HPLC and 1.08 +/- 0.19 microgram/ml by bioassay) and in urine (0.6 h: 267 +/- 74 micrograms/ml and 241 +/- 58 micrograms/ml respectively). Higher concentrations were found in bile when measured by bioassay compared with HPLC (peak concentration = 10.3 +/- 3.4 micrograms/ml and 7.5 +/- 2.8 micrograms/ml respectively; p less than 0.02). The total biliary elimination was also significantly higher according to bioassay data (2167 +/- 288 micrograms/ml versus 1587 +/- 222 micrograms/ml; p less than 0.01). This suggests a first pass effect and hepatic biotransformation of ciprofloxacin to one or more active metabolite (s).

Biliary excretion of olsalazine sodium in humans

The biliary excretion of Olsalazine sodium (ADS) was studied by three different methods in healthy volunteers and in patients. 1 g ADS in a 2% solution was infused during 1 h into jejunum in six healthy volunteers via a three lumen sond. The bile was collected, during 2.5-6 h, proximal of an occlusive balloon on the three lumen sond. 10 mg ADS was given i.v. to five healthy volunteers and the bile was collected during 3-4.5 h with the same type of three lumen sond as used in the first experiment. 1 g ADS was given orally to three patients, with a T-tube inserted into coleducus at surgery. The bile was collected via the T-tube for 24 h. The mean biliary excretion of the jejunal dose was 0.41% (0.22% if one subject, who probably had a beckflow of the instillation fluid, is omitted). In patients, the mean excretion with bile of ADS was 0.35% and of ac-5-ASA 0.17%. Due to the short collection time after jejunal infusion and the probably incomplete collection of bile in both enteral studies the biliary excretion was estimated to be less than 2% as ADS and less than 1% as ac-5-ASA. The biliary excretion of an i.v. dose showed large individual variations (0.16-12.2%) which were not correlated to the length of the collection time. The total excretion was estimated to be less than 20% as ADS. No metabolites were detected after the i.v. dose.

Comparison of high-pressure liquid chromatography and microbiological assay for the determination of biliary elimination of ciprofloxacin in humans

Serum kinetics and biliary, urinary, and fecal elimination of ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone derivative, were studied in 12 recently cholecystectomized patients provided with T-tube drainage during 24 h after oral administration of a single 500-mg dose of this substance. Drug concentrations were measured by both high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and microbiological assay. The results were comparable for the concentrations in serum (average of peaks, 2.0 +/- 0.2 micrograms/ml by HPLC and 2.3 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml by the microbiological method) and urine (0 to 6 h, 267 +/- 74 and 241 +/- 58 micrograms/ml, respectively). This was not the case for biliary values, for which the microbiological assay yielded significantly higher concentrations than did HPLC (average of peak concentrations, 21.2 +/- 2.6 and 16.0 +/- 2.5 micrograms/ml, respectively [P less than 0.02]), nor for total 24-h biliary output (2,167 +/- 288 and 1,587 +/- 222 micrograms, respectively [P less than 0.01]). This suggests hepatic biotransformation of ciprofloxacin into microbiologically active metabolites. The apparent broad antibacterial spectrum of ciprofloxacin and its higher biliary levels than simultaneously determined serum concentrations suggest that this derivative is suitable for the treatment of biliary tract infections.