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Argentini C, Lugli GA, Tarracchini C, Fontana F, Mancabelli L, Viappiani A, Anzalone R, Angelini L, Alessandri G, Bianchi MG, Taurino G, Bussolati O, Milani C, van Sinderen D, Turroni F, Ventura M. Ecology- and genome-based identification of the Bifidobacterium adolescentis prototype of the healthy human gut microbiota. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0201423. [PMID: 38294252 PMCID: PMC10880601 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02014-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are among the first microbial colonizers of the human gut, being frequently associated with human health-promoting activities. In the current study, an in silico methodology based on an ecological and phylogenomic-driven approach allowed the selection of a Bifidobacterium adolescentis prototype strain, i.e., B. adolescentis PRL2023, which best represents the overall genetic content and functional features of the B. adolescentis taxon. Such features were confirmed by in vitro experiments aimed at evaluating the ability of this strain to survive in the gastrointestinal tract of the host and its ability to interact with human intestinal cells and other microbial gut commensals. In this context, co-cultivation of B. adolescentis PRL2023 and several gut commensals revealed various microbe-microbe interactions and indicated co-metabolism of particular plant-derived glycans, such as xylan.IMPORTANCEThe use of appropriate bacterial strains in experimental research becomes imperative in order to investigate bacterial behavior while mimicking the natural environment. In the current study, through in silico and in vitro methodologies, we were able to identify the most representative strain of the Bifidobacterium adolescentis species. The ability of this strain, B. adolescentis PRL2023, to cope with the environmental challenges imposed by the gastrointestinal tract, together with its ability to switch its carbohydrate metabolism to compete with other gut microorganisms, makes it an ideal choice as a B. adolescentis prototype and a member of the healthy microbiota of adults. This strain possesses a genetic blueprint appropriate for its exploitation as a candidate for next-generation probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Argentini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Chiara Tarracchini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- GenProbio srl, Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Mancabelli
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Massimiliano G. Bianchi
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of General Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Taurino
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of General Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Laboratory of General Pathology, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute and School of Microbiology, Bioscience Institute, National University of Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences, and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Bifidobacterium adolescentis Is Effective in Relieving Type 2 Diabetes and May Be Related to Its Dominant Core Genome and Gut Microbiota Modulation Capacity. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122479. [PMID: 35745208 PMCID: PMC9227778 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing globally. Probiotics have been shown to be an effective intervention for diabetes. This study focused on the relieving effects and possible mechanisms of 16 strains of two dominant Bifidobacterium species (B. bifidum and B. adolescentis, which exist in the human gut at different life stages) on type 2 diabetes (T2D). The results indicated that more B. adolescentis strains appeared to be superior in alleviating T2D symptoms than B. bifidum strains. This effect was closely related to the ability of B. adolescentis to restore the homeostasis of the gut microbiota, increase the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing flora, and alleviate inflammation in mice with T2D. In addition, compared with B. bifidum, B. adolescentis had a higher number of core genes, and these genes were more evolutionarily stable, including unique environmental tolerance, carbon and nitrogen utilization genes, and a blood sugar regulation gene, glgP. This may be one of the reasons why B. adolescentis is more likely to colonize in the adult gut and show a superior ability to relieve T2D. This study provides insights into future studies aimed at investigating probiotics for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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The Comparative Analysis of Genomic Diversity and Genes Involved in Carbohydrate Metabolism of Eighty-Eight Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum Isolates from Different Niches of China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112347. [PMID: 35684146 PMCID: PMC9183100 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Eighty-eight Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum strains, which were isolated from human, chicken and cow fecal samples from different niches of China, were compared genomically in this study to evaluate their diversity. It was found that B. pseudocatenulatum displayed a closed pan-genome, including abundant glycoside hydrolase families of the carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZy). A total of 30 kinds of glycoside hydrolases (GHs), 14 kinds of glycosyl transferases (GTs), 13 kinds of carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), 6 kinds of carbohydrate-esterases (CEs), and 2 kinds of auxiliary activities (AAs) gene families were identified across the genomes of the 88 B. pseudocatenulatum strains. Specifically, this showed that significant differences were also present in the number of 10 carbohydrate-active enzyme gene families (GT51, GH13_32, GH26, GH42, GH121, GH3, AA3, CBM46, CE2, and CE6) among the strains derived from the hosts of different age groups, particularly between strains from infants and those from other human age groups. Twelve different individuals of B. pseudocatenulatum from four main clusters were selected for further study to reveal the genetic diversity of carbohydrate metabolism-related genes within the same phylogenetics. The animal experiment showed that 3 weeks of oral administration and 1 week after cessation of administration of these strains did not markedly alter the serum routine inflammatory indicators in mice. Furthermore, the administration of these strains did not significantly cause adverse changes in the gut microbiota, as indicated by the α- and β-diversity indexes, relative to the control group (normal diet). Beyond that, FAHBZ9L5 significantly increased the abundance of B. pseudocatenulatum after 3 weeks and significantly increased the abundance of acetic acid and butyric acid in the host’s intestinal tract 3 and 4 weeks after the first administration, respectively, compared with the control group. Corresponding to this, comparative genomic analyses of 12 B. pseudocatenulatum suggest that FAHBZ9L5-specific genes were rich in ABC transporters and carbohydrate esterase. Combining the results of comparative genomics analyses and animal experiment, it is suggested that the strains containing certain gene clusters contribute to another competitive growth advantage of B. pseudocatenulatum, which facilitates its intestinal carbohydrate metabolism in a host.
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Derrien M, Turroni F, Ventura M, van Sinderen D. Insights into endogenous Bifidobacterium species in the human gut microbiota during adulthood. Trends Microbiol 2022; 30:940-947. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Soluble fibre supplementation with and without a probiotic in adults with asthma: A 7-day randomised, double blind, three way cross-over trial. EBioMedicine 2019; 46:473-485. [PMID: 31375426 PMCID: PMC6712277 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Soluble fibre modulates airway inflammation in animal models. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of soluble fibre supplementation, with and without a probiotic, on plasma short chain fatty acids (SCFA), airway inflammation, asthma control and gut microbiome in adults with asthma. Methods A randomised, double-blinded, placebo controlled 3-way cross-over trial in 17 subjects with stable asthma at the Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia. Subjects received 3 × 7 day oral interventions in random order; soluble fibre (inulin 12 g/day), soluble fibre + probiotic (inulin 12 g/day + multi-strain probiotic >25 billion CFU) and placebo. Plasma SCFA, sputum cell counts and inflammatory gene expression, asthma control gut microbiota, adverse events including gastrointestinal symptoms were measured. Findings There was no difference in change in total plasma SCFA levels (μmol/L) in the placebo versus soluble fibre (Δmedian [95% CI] 16·3 [−16·9, 49·5], p = 0·335) or soluble fibre+probiotic (18·7 [−14·5, 51·9], p = 0·325) group. Following the soluble fibre intervention there was an improvement in the asthma control questionnaire (ACQ6) (∆median (IQR) -0·35 (−0·5, −0·13), p = 0·006), sputum %eosinophils decreased (−1.0 (−2·5, 0), p = 0·006) and sputum histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9) gene expression decreased (−0.49 (−0.83, −0.27) 2-ΔCt, p = .008). Individual bacterial operational taxonomic units changed following both inulin and inulin+probiotic arms. Interpretation Soluble fibre supplementation for 7 days in adults with asthma did not change SCFA levels. Within group analysis showed improvements in airway inflammation, asthma control and gut microbiome composition following inulin supplementation and these changes warrant further investigation, in order to evaluate the potential of soluble fibre as a non-pharmacological addition to asthma management. Fund John Hunter Hospital Charitable Trust.
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Singh RP. Glycan utilisation system in Bacteroides and Bifidobacteria and their roles in gut stability and health. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7287-7315. [PMID: 31332487 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10012-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut residential hundred trillion microbial cells are indispensable for maintaining gut homeostasis and impact on host physiology, development and immune systems. Many of them have displayed excellence in utilising dietary- and host-derived complex glycans and are producing useful postbiotics including short-chain fatty acids to primarily fuel different organs of the host. Therefore, employing individual microbiota is nowadays becoming a propitious target in biomedical for improving gut dysbiosis conditions of the host. Among other gut microbial communities, Bacteroides and Bifidobacteria are coevolved to utilise diverse ranges of diet- and host-derived glycans through harmonising distinct glycan utilisation systems. These gut symbionts frequently share digested oligosaccharides, carbohydrate-active enzymes and fermentable intermediate molecules for sustaining gut microbial symbiosis and improving fitness of own or other communities. Genomics approaches have provided unprecedented insights into these functions, but their precise mechanisms of action have poorly known. Sympathetic glycan-utilising strategy of each gut commensal will provide overview of mechanistic dynamic nature of the gut environment and will then assist in applying aptly personalised nutritional therapy. Thus, the review critically summarises cutting edge understanding of major plant- and host-derived glycan-utilising systems of Bacteroides and Bifidobacteria. Their evolutionary adaptation to gut environment and roles of postbiotics in human health are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Pal Singh
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology Division, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), SAS, Nagar, Punjab, 140306, India.
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Liu Y, Chen W, Yu Y, Zhang Q, Qu Q, Duan W, Zhao Y, Weng S, Zhao G, Dou T. Identification and characterisation of bifidobacteria in infant formula milk powder obtained from the Chinese market. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Glycan Utilization and Cross-Feeding Activities by Bifidobacteria. Trends Microbiol 2018; 26:339-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Genomics of the Genus Bifidobacterium Reveals Species-Specific Adaptation to the Glycan-Rich Gut Environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 82:980-991. [PMID: 26590291 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03500-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria represent one of the dominant microbial groups that occur in the gut of various animals, being particularly prevalent during the suckling period of humans and other mammals. Their ability to compete with other gut bacteria is largely attributed to their saccharolytic features. Comparative and functional genomic as well as transcriptomic analyses have revealed the genetic background that underpins the overall saccharolytic phenotype for each of the 47 bifidobacterial (sub)species representing the genus Bifidobacterium, while also generating insightful information regarding carbohydrate resource sharing and cross-feeding among bifidobacteria. The abundance of bifidobacterial saccharolytic features in human microbiomes supports the notion that metabolic accessibility to dietary and/or host-derived glycans is a potent evolutionary force that has shaped the bifidobacterial genome.
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O'Callaghan A, Bottacini F, O'Connell Motherway M, van Sinderen D. Pangenome analysis of Bifidobacterium longum and site-directed mutagenesis through by-pass of restriction-modification systems. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:832. [PMID: 26489930 PMCID: PMC4618763 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1968-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bifidobacterial genome analysis has provided insights as to how these gut commensals adapt to and persist in the human GIT, while also revealing genetic diversity among members of a given bifidobacterial (sub)species. Bifidobacteria are notoriously recalcitrant to genetic modification, which prevents exploration of their genomic functions, including those that convey (human) health benefits. Methods PacBio SMRT sequencing was used to determine the whole genome seqeunces of two B. longum subsp. longum strains. The B. longum pan-genome was computed using PGAP v1.2 and the core B. longum phylogenetic tree was constructed using a maximum-likelihood based approach in PhyML v3.0. M.blmNCII was cloned in E. coli and an internal fragment if arfBarfB was cloned into pORI19 for insertion mutagenesis. Results In this study we present the complete genome sequences of two Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum strains. Comparative analysis with thirty one publicly available B. longum genomes allowed the definition of the B. longum core and dispensable genomes. This analysis also highlighted differences in particular metabolic abilities between members of the B. longum subspecies infantis, longum and suis. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of the B. longum core genome indicated the existence of a novel subspecies. Methylome data, coupled to the analysis of restriction-modification systems, allowed us to substantially increase the genetic accessibility of B. longum subsp. longum NCIMB 8809 to a level that was shown to permit site-directed mutagenesis. Conclusions Comparative genomic analysis of thirty three B. longum representatives revealed a closed pan-genome for this bifidobacterial species. Phylogenetic analysis of the B. longum core genome also provides evidence for a novel fifth B. longum subspecies. Finally, we improved genetic accessibility for the strain B. longum subsp. longum NCIMB 8809, which allowed the generation of a mutant of this strain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1968-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O'Callaghan
- APC Microbiome Institute & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - F Bottacini
- APC Microbiome Institute & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - M O'Connell Motherway
- APC Microbiome Institute & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | - D van Sinderen
- APC Microbiome Institute & School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Western Road, Cork, Ireland.
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Jiménez E, Gómez M, Moles L. Pulsed field gel electrophoresis for Bifidobacterium. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1301:253-63. [PMID: 25862062 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2599-5_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), unlike conventional electrophoresis, can resolve DNA fragments greater than 30 kb and is a highly discriminatory molecular typing method. Here we describe a PFGE protocol for bifidobacteria characterized by a short lysis time determined by the addition of lysis reagents to the initial cell suspension, a reduced incubation period of the plugs in proteinase K, and an improved washing plug step with preheating of the buffer in a shaking incubator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Jiménez
- Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos. Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Av. Puerta de Hierro, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain,
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The Genome Sequence of Bifidobacterium moukalabense DSM 27321 Highlights the Close Phylogenetic Relatedness with the Bifidobacterium dentium Taxon. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2014; 2:2/1/e00048-14. [PMID: 24558236 PMCID: PMC3931357 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00048-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium moukalabense DSM 27321 is the reference strain for a recently described new bifidobacterial species that has been isolated from a wild west lowland gorilla. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of DSM 27321, which supports very close phylogenetic relatedness with members of the Bifidobacterium adolescentis phylogenetic group and, in particular, the Bifidobacterium dentium taxon.
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Ventura M, Turroni F, Lugli GA, van Sinderen D. Bifidobacteria and humans: our special friends, from ecological to genomics perspectives. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:163-168. [PMID: 23963950 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are widely used as health-promoting microorganisms in many functional foods. However, the molecular mechanisms as to how these bacteria positively impact on host health are far from completely understood. For this reason these bacteria constitute a growing area of scientific interest with respect to their genomics, molecular biology and genetics. Genome sequencing of an increasing number of strains of bifidobacteria has provided access to the complete genetic make-up of many representative members of these bacteria. The aim of this review is to highlight the genetic and functional features of bifidobacteria residing in the human gastrointestinal tract using genomic and ecology-based information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
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De Vuyst L, Moens F, Selak M, Rivière A, Leroy F. Summer Meeting 2013: growth and physiology of bifidobacteria. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 116:477-91. [PMID: 24314205 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are a minor fraction of the human colon microbiota with interesting properties for carbohydrate degradation. Monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose are degraded through the bifid shunt, a dedicated pathway involving phosphoketolase activity. Its stoechiometry learns that three moles of acetate and two moles of lactate are produced per two moles of glucose or fructose that are degraded. However, deviations from this 3 : 2 ratio occur, depending on the rate of substrate consumption. Slower growth rates favour the production of acetate and pyruvate catabolites (such as formate) at the cost of lactate. Interestingly, bifidobacteria are capable to degrade inulin-type fructans (ITF) (oligofructose and inulin) and arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides (AXOS). Beta-fructofuranosidase activity enables bifidobacteria to degrade ITF. However, this property is strain-dependent. Some strains consume both fructose and oligofructose, with different preferences and degradation rates. Small oligosaccharides (degree of polymerization or DP of 2-7) are taken up, in a sequential order, indicating intracellular degradation and as such giving these bacteria a competitive advantage towards other inulin-type fructan degraders such as lactobacilli, bacteroides and roseburias. Other strains consume long fractions of oligofructose and inulin. Exceptionally, oligosaccharides with a DP of up to 20 (long-chain inulin) are consumed by specific strains. Also, the degradation of AXOS by α-arabinofuranosidase and β-xylosidase is strain-dependent. Particular strains consume the arabinose substituents, whether or not together with a consumption of the xylose backbones of AXOS, either up to xylotetraose or higher and either extra- or intracellularly. The production of high amounts of acetate that accompanies inulin-type fructan degradation by bifidobacteria cross-feeds other colon bacteria involved in the production of butyrate. However, bifidobacterial strain-dependent differences in prebiotic degradation indicate the existence of niche-specific adaptations and hence mechanisms to avoid competition among each other and to favour coexistence with other colon bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- L De Vuyst
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Onyibe J, Oluwole O, Ogunbanwo S, Sanni A. Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile and Survival of Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium catenulatum of Human and Avian Origin in Stored Yoghurt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0189-7241(15)30079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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