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Wang J, Xie Y, Hou J, Zhou X, Chen J, Yao C, Zhang Y, Li Y. Biodegradation of bisphenol A by alginate immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium beads: Continuous cyclic treatment and degradation pathway analysis. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Enhanced Efficiency of the Removal of Cytostatic Anthracycline Drugs Using Immobilized Mycelium of Bjerkandera adusta CCBAS 930. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226842. [PMID: 34833934 PMCID: PMC8624642 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bioremoval of anthracycline antibiotics (daunomycin-DNR, doxorubicin-DOX, and mitoxantrone-MTX) by immobilized mycelium of B. adusta CCBAS 930. The activity of oxidoreductases: versatile peroxidases (VP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glucose oxidase (GOX), and the levels of phenolic compounds (PhC) and free radicals (SOR) were determined during the biotransformation of anthracyclines by B. adusta strain CCBAS 930. Moreover, the phytotoxicity (Lepidium sativum L.), biotoxicity (MARA assay), and genotoxicity of anthracyclines were evaluated after biological treatment. After 120 h, more than 90% of anthracyclines were removed by the immobilized mycelium of B. adusta CCBAS 930. The effective biotransformation of anthracyclines was correlated with detoxification and reduced genotoxicity.
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Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk K, Święciło A, Szychowski KA, Korniłłowicz-Kowalska T. Comparative study of eco- and cytotoxicity during biotransformation of anthraquinone dye Alizarin Blue Black B in optimized cultures of microscopic fungi. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:776-787. [PMID: 28946118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to select optimal conditions (C and N sources, initial pH and temperature) for biodecolorization of 0.03% anthraquinone dye Alizarin Blue Black B (ABBB) by microscopic fungi: Haematonectria haematococca BwIII43, K37 and Trichoderma harzianum BsIII33. The phenolic compounds, phytotoxicity (Lepidium sativum L.), biotoxicity (Microtox), cytotoxicity and yeast viability assay were performed to determine the extent of ABBB detoxification. Biodecolorization and detoxification of 0.03% ABBB in H. haematococca BwIII43 and T. harzianum BsIII33 cultures was correlated with extracellular oxidoreductases activity. In turn, secondary products, toxic to human fibroblasts and respiring sod1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, were formed in H. haematococca K37 strain cultures, despite efficient decolorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Rybczyńska-Tkaczyk
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Laboratory of Mycology, The University of Life Sciences, Leszczyńskiego Street 7, Lublin 20-069, Poland.
| | - Agata Święciło
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, The University of Life Sciences, Leszczyńskiego Street 7, Lublin 20-069, Poland
| | - Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Public Health, Dietetics and Lifestyle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Teresa Korniłłowicz-Kowalska
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Laboratory of Mycology, The University of Life Sciences, Leszczyńskiego Street 7, Lublin 20-069, Poland
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Zhang Y, Geissen SU. Elimination of carbamazepine in a non-sterile fungal bioreactor. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 112:221-7. [PMID: 22409982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.02.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A properly configured bioreactor is in need to transfer the fungal biodegradation of recalcitrant pollutants into real applications. In this study, a novel plate bioreactor was designed to eliminate carbamazepine (CBZ), a widely concerned pharmaceutical, with the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium grown on polyether foam under non-sterile conditions. The bioreactor was operated in both sequence batch and continuous modes. It was found that the sufficient supply with nutrients is crucial for an effective elimination of CBZ. Given the conditions, a high elimination of CBZ (60-80%) was achieved. The effective elimination was stable in a continuous operation for a long term (around 100 days). The high elimination of CBZ could also be achieved under real conditions with the effluent from a municipal wastewater treatment plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Zhang
- Chair of Environmental Process Engineering, Department of Environmental Technology, Technical University of Berlin, Germany.
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Rothschild N, Hadar Y, Dosoretz CG. Lignin Peroxidase Isozymes from Phanerochaete chrysosporium Can Be Enzymatically Dephosphorylated. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 63:857-61. [PMID: 16535551 PMCID: PMC1389116 DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.3.857-861.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular lignin peroxidase (LIP) protein profile of the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium, grown in nonimmersed liquid culture under conditions of excess nitrogen, changed markedly with culture age. At peak LIP activity (day 4), the heme-protein profile in the extracellular fluid, analyzed by anion-exchange high-pressure liquid chromatography, was characterized by a predominance of the LIP isozymes H1 and H2, small amounts of H6 and H8, and other minor peaks, designated Ha and Hb. On day 5, the level of H1 increased and it became the dominant isozyme, with a corresponding decrease in the level of H2. Moreover, the relative levels of H6 and H8 decreased with corresponding increases in Ha and Hb levels. This change in LIP profile occurred extracellularly and resulted from the enzymatic dephosphorylation of LIP isozymes. An enzymatic fraction responsible for LIP isozyme dephosphorylation, termed LIP dephosphorylating (LpD) fraction, was partially purified from the culture fluid. Incubation of the LpD fraction with (sup32)P-labeled H2, H6, H8, and H10 isozymes separated from nitrogen-limited cultures resulted in the formation of the dephosphorylated isozymes H1, Ha, Hb, and Hc, respectively. Dephosphorylation did not significantly change the catalytic properties of the LIP isozymes with veratryl alcohol as a substrate. LIP dephosphorylation is therefore suggested to be a posttranslational modification process catalyzed extracellularly by the LpD activity.
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Rothschild N, Hadar Y, Dosoretz C. Ligninolytic System Formation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in Air. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 61:1833-8. [PMID: 16535024 PMCID: PMC1388442 DOI: 10.1128/aem.61.5.1833-1838.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study characterizes the effect of oxygen concentration on the synthesis of ligninolytic enzymes by Phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilized on polyurethane foam cubes in a nonimmersed liquid culture system and maintained under different carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratios and levels. Lignin peroxidase (LIP) activity was obtained in cultures exposed to air when the C/N ratio was low (7.47), i.e., when nitrogen levels were high (C/N = 56/45 mM) or carbon levels were low (C/N = 5.6/4.5 mM). At the low C/N ratio, the fungus was carbon starved and did not produce extracellular polysaccharides. At a high C/N ratio (153), i.e., under conditions of excess carbon (nitrogen limitation) (C/N = 56/2.2 mM), cultures exposed to air produced large amounts of polysaccharide, and LIP activity was detected only in cultures exposed to pure oxygen. Under high-nitrogen conditions, LIP production was 1,800 U/liter in cultures exposed to pure oxygen and 1,300 U/liter in cultures exposed to air, with H1 and H2 being the main isoenzymes. The oxygen level did not significantly alter the isoenzyme profile, nor did low-carbon conditions. The formation of manganese peroxidase was generally less affected by the oxygen level than that of LIP but was considerably reduced by a low C/N ratio. The effects of oxygen level and C/N ratio on the synthesis of glyoxal oxidase paralleled their effects on LIP synthesis except in the case of high nitrogen, which totally suppressed glyoxal oxidase activity.
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Shi J, Sharma-Shivappa RR, Chinn MS. Microbial pretreatment of cotton stalks by submerged cultivation of Phanerochaete chrysosporium. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:4388-95. [PMID: 19423334 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2007] [Revised: 10/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/11/2008] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
This study used the fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, to pretreat cotton stalks with two methods, shallow stationary and agitated cultivation, at three supplemental salt concentrations. Pretreatment efficiencies were compared by evaluating lignin degradation, solid recovery and carbohydrate availability over a 14-day period. Shallow stationary cultivation with no salts gave 20.7% lignin degradation along with 76.3% solid recovery and 29.0% carbohydrate availability. The highest lignin degradation of 33.9% at a corresponding solid recovery and carbohydrate availability of 67.8% and 18.4%, respectively, was obtained through agitated cultivation with Modified NREL salts. Cultivation beyond 10 days did not significantly increase lignin degradation during 14 days of pretreatment. Manganese addition during shallow stationary and agitated cultivation resulted in higher solid recoveries of over 80% but lower lignin degradation. Although agitated cultivation resulted in better delignification, results indicate that pretreatment under submerged shallow stationary conditions provides a better balance between lignin degradation and carbohydrate availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shi
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7625, USA
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Karakaya P, Christodoulatos C, Koutsospyros A, Balas W, Nicolich S, Sidhoum M. Biodegradation of the high explosive hexanitrohexaazaiso-wurtzitane (CL-20). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2009; 6:1371-92. [PMID: 19440524 PMCID: PMC2681202 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph6041371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aerobic biodegradability of the high explosive CL-20 by activated sludge and the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium has been investigated. Although activated sludge is not effective in degrading CL-20 directly, it can mineralize the alkaline hydrolysis products. Phanerochaete chrysosporium degrades CL-20 in the presence of supplementary carbon and nitrogen sources. Biodegradation studies were conducted using various nutrient media under diverse conditions. Variables included the CL-20 concentration; levels of carbon (as glycerol) and ammonium sulfate and yeast extract as sources of nitrogen. Cultures that received CL-20 at the time of inoculation transformed CL-20 completely under all nutrient conditions studied. When CL-20 was added to pre-grown cultures, degradation was limited. The extent of mineralization was monitored by the 14CO2 time evolution; up to 51% mineralization was achieved when the fungus was incubated with [14C]-CL-20. The kinetics of CL-20 biodegradation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium follows the logistic kinetic growth model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Karakaya
- Langan Engineering and Environmental Services, Elmwood Park, NJ 07407, USA
| | | | - Agamemnon Koutsospyros
- Mechanical, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT 06516, USA
| | - Wendy Balas
- US Army TACOM-ARDEC, Energetics & Warheads Division, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806, USA
| | - Steve Nicolich
- US Army TACOM-ARDEC, Energetics & Warheads Division, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806, USA
| | - Mohammed Sidhoum
- Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
- PMK Group, Inc., ERCP Division, Farmingdale, NJ 07727, USA
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails:
;
; Tel.: +1-908-497-8900 (Ext. 6528); Fax: +1-732-751-9592
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Mohammadi A, Enayatzadeh M, Nasernejad B. Enzymatic degradation of anthracene by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilized on sugarcane bagasse. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 161:534-537. [PMID: 18482797 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 03/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Bagasse is a by-product of sugar milling and important fuel resource for that industry. It is a fibrous, low density material with a very wide range of particle sizes and high moisture content. The goal of this study is the development of a system based on the use of the ligninolytic enzyme manganese peroxidase (MnP) produced by Phanerochaete chrysosporium for the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), of which anthracene was selected as an example. The white rot fungus P. chrysosporium immobilized on bagasse was grown in both stationary and agitated cultures (rotary shaker, 80rpm) using nitrogen limited growth medium to study the ability of the fungus to degrade anthracene in aqueous media. Production of MnP occurred simultaneously in nitrogen limited culture medium with the added MnSO4 at 40ppm. The MnP activity was at relatively high level (76Ul(-1)) and in this condition, the residual anthracene concentration was 16%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mohammadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, No. 424, Hafez Ave., Tehran, Iran
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Growth and ligninolytic system production dynamics of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium fungus. J Biotechnol 2008; 137:50-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.1814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Revised: 06/27/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Karimi A, Vahabzadeh F, Bonakdarpour B. Use of Phanerochaete chrysosporium Immobilized on Kissiris for Synthetic Dye Decolourization: Involvement of Manganese Peroxidase. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-006-9169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Khiyami MA, Pometto AL, Kennedy WJ. Ligninolytic enzyme production by Phanerochaete chrysosporium in plastic composite support biofilm stirred tank bioreactors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2006; 54:1693-8. [PMID: 16506821 DOI: 10.1021/jf051424l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Phanerochaete chrysosporium (ATCC 24725) produced lignin peroxidase (LiP) and manganese peroxidase (MnP) in defined medium in plastic composite support (PCS) biofilm stirred tank reactors. Laccase was not detected. The formation of the Ph. chrysosporium biofilm on the PCS was essential for the production of MnP and LiP. The bioreactor was operated as a repeat batch, and no reinoculation was required between batches. Peroxidase production was influenced by 5 min purging of the bioreactor with pure oxygen or continuous aerating with a mixture of air and oxygen at a flow rate of 0.005 vvm. Continuous aeration and 300 rpm agitation with 3 mM veratryl alcohol addition on days 0 and 3 demonstrated the highest lignin peroxidase production on day 6 with means of 50.0 and 47.0 U/L. Addition of veratryl alcohol and MnSO(4) on day 0 with 300 rpm agitation and continuous aeration at 0.005 vvm (air flow rate in L/min divided by the reactor working volume in liters) hastens the production of MnP with final yield of 63.0 U/L after 3 days. Fourteen repeated batches fermentation were performed without contamination due to low pH (4.5) and aseptic techniques employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Khiyami
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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13
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Production of the ligninolytic enzymes by immobilized Phanerochaete chrysosporium in an air atmosphere. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-004-3571-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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14
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Ligninolytic enzymes of the fungus Irpex lacteus (Polyporus tulipiferae): isolation and characterization of lignin peroxidase. Enzyme Microb Technol 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00171-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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15
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Rothschild N, Levkowitz A, Hadar Y, Dosoretz C. Extracellular mannose-6-phosphatase of Phanerochaete chrysosporium: a lignin peroxidase-modifying enzyme. Arch Biochem Biophys 1999; 372:107-11. [PMID: 10562422 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1999.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The lignin peroxidase (LIP) isozyme profile of the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium changes markedly with culture age. This change occurs extracellularly and results from enzymatic dephosphorylation of LIP isozymes. In this study, a novel mannose 6-phosphatase (M6Pase) from extracellular culture fluid filtrate of P. chrysosporium, shown to be responsible for the extracellular postranslational modification of LIP, was purified and characterized. In vitro incubation of the purified M6Pase with purified LIP isozyme H2 resulted in its conversion to isozyme H1, with an equimolar release of orthophosphate. Using different sugar phosphates as substrate, the enzyme exhibited narrow specificity, showing activity mostly for mannose 6-phosphate (K(m) = 0.483 mM). The enzyme displayed a molecular mass of 82 kDa, as determined by gel filtration, and 40.4 and 39.1 kDa, on SDS-PAGE, suggesting that the native form is a dimer. The N-terminal sequence of the enzyme has no homology with that of other reported phosphatases. M6Pase is a metalloprotein with manganese and cobalt as the preferred metal ions. It is N-glycosylated proteins with an isoelectric point of 4. 7-4.8 and a pH optimum of 5. Based on its characteristics, M6Pase from P. chrysosporium seems to be a unique phosphatase responsible for posttranslation modification of LIP isozymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rothschild
- MIGAL-Galilee Technology Center, Kiryat Shmona, South Industrial Zone, 10200, Israel
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16
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Rothschild N, Levkowitz A, Hadar Y, Dosoretz CG. Manganese deficiency can replace high oxygen levels needed for lignin peroxidase formation by Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:483-8. [PMID: 9925572 PMCID: PMC91051 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.2.483-488.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/1998] [Accepted: 11/10/1998] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The combined effects of Mn and oxygen on lignin peroxidase (LIP) activity and isozyme composition in Phanerochaete chrysosporium were studied by using shallow stationary cultures grown in the presence of limited or excess N. When no Mn was added, LIP was formed in both N-limited and N-excess cultures exposed to air, but no LIP activity was observed at Mn concentrations greater than 13 mg/liter. In oxygen-flushed, N-excess cultures, LIP was formed at all Mn concentrations, and the peak LIP activity values in the extracellular fluid were nearly identical in the presence of Mn concentrations ranging from 3 to 1,500 mg/liter. When the availability of oxygen to cultures exposed to air was increased by growing the fungus under nonimmersed liquid conditions, higher levels of Mn were needed to suppress LIP formation compared with the levels needed in shallow stationary cultures. The composition of LIP isozymes was affected by the levels of N and Mn. Addition of veratryl alcohol to cultures exposed to air did not eliminate the suppressive effect of Mn on LIP formation. A deficiency of Mn in N-excess cultures resulted in lower biomass and a lower rate of glucose consumption than in the presence of Mn. In addition, almost no activity of the antioxidant enzyme Mn superoxide dismutase was observed in Mn-deficient, N-excess cultures, but the activity of this enzyme increased as the Mn concentration increased from 3 to 13 mg/liter. No Zn/Cu superoxide dismutase activity was observed in N-excess cultures regardless of the Mn concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rothschild
- MIGAL, South Industrial Zone, Kiryat Shmona 10200, Israel
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17
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Moreira MT, Feijoo G, Palma C, Lema JM. Continuous production of manganese peroxidase byPhanerochaete chrysosporium immobilized on polyurethane foam in a pulsed packed-bed bioreactor. Biotechnol Bioeng 1997; 56:130-7. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19971020)56:2<130::aid-bit2>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rodríguez J, Ferraz A, Nogueira RF, Ferrer I, Esposito E, Durán N. Lignin biodegradation by the ascomycete Chrysonilia sitophila. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1997; 62:233-42. [PMID: 9170255 DOI: 10.1007/bf02787999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The lignin biodegradation process has an important role in the carbon cycle of the biosphere. The study of this natural process has developed mainly with the use of basidiomycetes in laboratory investigations. This has been a logical approach since most of the microorganisms involved in lignocellulosic degradation belong to this class of fungi. However, other microorganisms such as ascomycetes and also some bacteria, are involved in the lignin decaying process. This work focuses on lignin biodegradation by a microorganism belonging to the ascomycete class, Chrysonilia sitophila. Lignin peroxidase production and characterization, mechanisms of lignin degradation (lignin model compounds and lignin in wood matrix) and biosynthesis of veratryl alcohol are outstanding. Applications of C. sitophila for effluent treatment, wood biodegradation and single-cell protein production are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Rodríguez
- Renewable Resources Laboratory, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
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19
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The tolerance of lignin peroxidase and manganese-dependent peroxidase to miscible solvents and the in vitro oxidation of anthracene in solvent: water mixtures. Enzyme Microb Technol 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(95)00109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Nutrient regulation of extracellular peroxidases in the white rot fungus,Bjerkandera sp. strain BOS55. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00178618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Feijoo G, Rothschild N, Dosoretz C, Lema J. Effect of addition of extracellular culture fluid on ligninolytic enzyme formation in Phanerochaete chrysosporium. J Biotechnol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0168-1656(95)00029-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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22
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Frías I, Trujillo JM, Romero J, Hernandez J, Pérez JA. Lignan models as inhibitors of Phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase. Biochimie 1995; 77:707-12. [PMID: 8789460 DOI: 10.1016/0300-9084(96)88186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The lignan 8,8'-bis-(methylenedioxy)cinnamic acid (BMDCA) is a powerful competitive inhibitor (K1 = 2.0 microM) of the lignin peroxidase (LiP) from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and of the extracellular peroxidase of Phlebia radiata (I0.5 = 10 microM). BMDCA derivatives with the same double bond system also inhibited these enzymes to some extent. If the double bonds were hydrogenated, the inhibitory effect was lost. HRP-VIII and HRP-XI were slightly inhibited by BMDCA (I0.5 > 50 microM) and two plant peroxidases described as efficient lignan synthesizers were unaffected. Liquid cultures of P chrysosporium did not discolour the dve Poly R478 when 250 microM of BMDCA was present.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Frías
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife Canary Islands, Spain
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23
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Kaal EE, de Jong E, Field JA. Stimulation of Ligninolytic Peroxidase Activity by Nitrogen Nutrients in the White Rot Fungus
Bjerkandera
sp. Strain BOS55. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59:4031-6. [PMID: 16349104 PMCID: PMC195863 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.12.4031-4036.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bjerkandera
sp. strain BOS55, a newly isolated wild-type white rot fungus, produced lignin peroxidase (LiP) in nitrogen (N)-sufficient glucose-peptone medium, whereas no LiP was detectable in N-limited medium. The production of LiP was induced by the peptide-containing components of this medium and also by soy bean protein. Furthermore, the production of manganese-dependent peroxidase was stimulated by organic N sources, although lower production was also evident in N-limited medium. Further research showed that the induction of LiP depended on the combination of pH and the type of N source. An amino acid mixture and ammonium induced LiP only at either pH 6 or 7.3, respectively. Peptone induced LiP activity at all pH values tested; however, the highest activity was observed at pH 7.3. The results presented here indicate that
Bjerkandera
spp. are distinct from the model white rot fungus,
Phanerochaete chrysosporium
, which produces ligninolytic peroxidases in response to N limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E Kaal
- Division of Industrial Microbiology, Department of Food Science, P.O. Box 8129, Wageningen Agricultural University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands
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