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Ding S, Qian SY, Zhang Y, Wu W, Lu G, Lu Y, Feng X, Li L, Shen P. Establishment of immunoassay for detecting HPV16 E6 and E7 RNA. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13686. [PMID: 26333509 PMCID: PMC4558577 DOI: 10.1038/srep13686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma is the most prevalent malignancy second only to breast cancer among women worldwide. Since more than 99% of cervical cancers are caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), measurement of HPV (HPV test) was commonly used in screening risk and/or early stage of cervical cancer as well as assessing the efficacies of the treatments that can decrease the incidence of cervical cancer. Many approaches that diagnose HPV infections have been developed, while most of them have distinct shortcomings. We here established a novel immunoassay method in which the pairs of unlabeled DNA probes firstly bind to HPV16 E6 and E7 RNAs to form the DNA-RNA hybrids, and the hybrids will subsequently be identified by S9.6 antibody. The sensitivity of this highly specific method can reach ~0.923 pg/mL and ~0.424 pg/mL of in vitro transcribed HPV16 E6 and E7 RNA, respectively, and reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification were no longer needed. Thus, our immunoassay approaches can precisely reflect the actually viral load that is related to the course of HPV infection. In addition, it has also fast and low cost characteristic feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Steven Y. Qian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108-6050, United States
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Wenlei Wu
- Institute and Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Gensheng Lu
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Yan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Xiujing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Chemistry & Life Sciences, Nanjing University Jinling College, Nanjing, 210089, China
| | - Pingping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
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Hu Z, Leppla SH, Li B, Elkins CA. Antibodies specific for nucleic acids and applications in genomic detection and clinical diagnostics. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 14:895-916. [PMID: 25014728 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.2014.931810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Detection of nucleic acids using antibodies is uncommon. This is in part because nucleic acids are poor immunogens and it is difficult to elicit antibodies having high affinity to each type of nucleic acid while lacking cross-reactivity to others. We describe the origins and applications of a variety of anti-nucleic acid antibodies, including ones reacting with modified nucleosides and nucleotides, single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA, RNA, DNA:RNA hybrids, locked-nucleic acids or peptide nucleic acid:nucleic acid hybrids. Carefully selected antibodies can be excellent reagents for detecting bacteria, viruses, small RNAs, microRNAs, R-loops, cancer cells, stem cells, apoptotic cells and so on. The detection may be sensitive, simple, rapid, specific, reproducible, quantitative and cost-effective. Current microarray and diagnostic methods that depend on cDNA or cRNA can be replaced by using antibody detection of nucleic acids. Therefore, development should be encouraged to explore new utilities and create a robust arsenal of new anti-nucleic acid antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonglin Hu
- Winchester Engineering & Analytical Center, Office of Regulatory Affairs, US Food and Drug Administration, 109 Holton Street, Winchester, MA 01890, USA
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Chibani Azaïez SR, Fliss I, Simard RE, Moineau S. Monoclonal antibodies raised against native major capsid proteins of lactococcal c2-like bacteriophages. Appl Environ Microbiol 1998; 64:4255-9. [PMID: 9797273 PMCID: PMC106635 DOI: 10.1128/aem.64.11.4255-4259.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage Q38, a representative member of the c2 species, was purified by CsCl gradient and used to immunize BALB/c mice. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were raised and then characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two MAbs of isotype immunoglobulin G2a, designated 2A5 and 6G7, reacted only with phages belonging to the c2 species and not with phages of the 936 and P335 species, with a Lactococcus lactis cell extract, or with phage DNA. Immunoelectron microscopy showed that both MAbs recognized only phage head proteins. They did not react with any denatured phage proteins in Western blot assays. However, when the nitrocellulose membranes were treated with a Triton-based buffer to assist in protein renaturation, MAbs 2A5 and 6G7 recognized the two major capsid proteins with molecular masses of 80 and 170 kDa. Competitive inhibition tests showed that the two MAbs bind to overlapping epitopes. These MAbs may be a useful tool for monitoring c2 bacteriophages during dairy fermentation and in genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Chibani Azaïez
- Department of Biochemistry and Groupe de Recherche en Ecologie Buccale (GREB), Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4
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Lamoureux M, Fliss L, Blais BW, Messier S, Holley RA, Simard RE. Microtitre plate hybridization system for detection of thermophilic Campylobacter rRNA. J Appl Microbiol 1997; 82:259-66. [PMID: 12452603 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1997.tb03582.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A microtitre plate nucleic acid probe hybridization system was developed for the detection of ribosomal RNA from thermophilic Campylobacter (Camp. jejuni, Camp. coli, Camp. lari and Camp. upsaliensis). A specific DNA probe obtained by amplification of 23S rRNA sequences using the polymerase chain reaction technique was immobilized on a microtitre plate, and used for hybridization with target 23S rRNA from cell lysates. The RNA-DNA hybrids thus formed in the wells were detected by an immunoenzymatic assay using a monoclonal antiRNA-DNA hybrid antibody. The sensitivity of this system was 2.7 x 10(4) cells ml(-1). This simple, sensitive and inexpensive hybridization and immunoenzymatic assay system should facilitate the detection of Campylobacter in food and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lamoureux
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Lamoureux M, Fliss I, Messier S, Blais BW, Holley RA, Simard RE. Microtitre plate riboprobe system for detection of ultrasonicated Campylobacter jejuni genomic DNA. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1996; 81:626-34. [PMID: 8972089 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb03557.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Microtitre plate nucleic acid probe hybridization systems were developed for the detection of thermophilic Campylobacter and Campylobacter jejuni. Specific RNA probes obtained by in vitro transcription of DNA templates synthesized by polymerase chain reaction using two sets of specific primers incorporating bacteriophage T7 promoter sequences were immobilized on a microtitre plate. The hybridizations were carried out on samples of genomic DNA sheared by ultrasonication. Optimum conditions for the ultrasonic treatment were determined in order to obtain the highest degree of hybridization with immobilized RNA probe. Finally, detection of RNA-DNA hybrids in the wells was accomplished by an immunoenzymatic assay using a monoclonal anti-RNA-DNA hybrid antibody. This rapid, simple hybridization and immunoenzymatic assay system will facilitate the detection of Campylobacter in foods and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lamoureux
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada
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Lamoureux M, Fliss I, Messier S, Blais B, Holley R, Simard R. Microtitre plate riboprobe system for detection of ultrasonicated Campylobacter jejuni genomic DNA. J Appl Microbiol 1996. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1996.tb01964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lamoureux M, Fliss I, Messier S, Blais B, Holley R, Simard RE. Detection of Campylobacter PCR DNA by hybridization with a microtiter plate immobilized RNA probe. J Microbiol Methods 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-7012(96)00841-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Loessner MJ, Rees CE, Stewart GS, Scherer S. Construction of luciferase reporter bacteriophage A511::luxAB for rapid and sensitive detection of viable Listeria cells. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62:1133-40. [PMID: 8919773 PMCID: PMC167878 DOI: 10.1128/aem.62.4.1133-1140.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Specific transfer and expression of bacterial luciferase genes via bacteriophages provides an efficient way to detect and assay viable host cells. Listeria bacteriophage A511 is a genus-specific, virulent myovirus which infects 95% of Listeria monocytogenes serovar 1/2 and 4 cells. We constructed recombinant derivative A511::luxAB, which carries the gene for a fused Vibrio harveyi LuxAB protein inserted immediately downstream of the major capsid protein gene (cps). Efficient transcription is initiated by the powerful cps promoter at 15 to 20 min postinfection. Site-specific introduction of the luciferase gene into the phage genome was achieved by homologous recombination in infected cells between a plasmid carrying A511 DNA flanking luxAB and phage DNA. Recombinants occurred in the lysate at a frequency of 5 x 10(-4) and were readily identified by the bioluminescent phenotype conferred on newly infected host cells. A511::luxAB can be used to directly detect Listeria cells. Following infection and a 2-h incubation period, numbers as low as 5 x 10(2) to 10(3) cells per ml were detected by using a single-tube luminometer. Extreme sensitivity was achieved by including an enrichment step prior to the lux phage assay; under these conditions less than 1 cell of L. monocytogenes Scott A per g of artificially contaminated salad was clearly identified. The assay is simple, rapid, inexpensive, and easy to perform. Our findings indicate that A511::luxAB is useful for routine screening of foods and environmental samples for Listeria cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Loessner
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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Fliss I, Blais BW, Holley R, Simard RE. Multiplex riboprobes for the detection of virulent Yersinia enterocolitica and simple methods for their preparation. THE JOURNAL OF APPLIED BACTERIOLOGY 1995; 79:195-202. [PMID: 7592116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb00935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A simple multiplex riboprobe system for detection of virulent Yersinia enterocolitica was developed using a pool of RNA probes specific for various chromosomal and plasmid-borne virulence gene sequences (yadA, virC, ail and yst). Riboprobes were synthesized by a rapid, simple and efficient technique involving in vitro transcription of polymerase chain reaction-generated templates incorporating bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase promoter sequences in one of the priming oligonucleotides. After dot blotting target DNA samples on nitrocellulose and hybridization with the riboprobes, the RNA: DNA hybrids formed were detected by a simple immunoenzymic assay involving sequential reactions with an anti-RNA : DNA hybrid monoclonal antibody, anti-mouse Ig-peroxidase conjugate and chromogenic or chemiluminescent enzyme substrate solution. This multiplex riboprobe system targeting both chromosomal and plasma-borne sequences permitted detection of virulent Y. enterocolitica, regardless of plasmid loss during handling of cultures, and was unreactive with a virulent Y. enterocolitica, other Yersinia and other bacteria. This system resulted in a significant improvement in the limit of detection in comparison to that obtained with individual probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fliss
- Département de Sciences et Technologie des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Fliss I, St Laurent M, Emond E, Simard RE, Lemieux R, Ettriki A, Pandian S. Anti-DNA.RNA antibodies: an efficient tool for non-isotopic detection of Listeria species through a liquid-phase hybridization assay. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 1995; 43:717-24. [PMID: 7546609 DOI: 10.1007/bf00164779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of a new approach using anti-DNA.RNA monoclonal antibodies to detect Listeria in both pure culture and inoculated meat and meat products. A sensitive liquid-phase assay was first developed, based on the formation in solution of a hybrid between a 784-bp DNA probe, specific for the genus Listeria, and target rRNA. Monoclonal antibody and antisera raised against hybrid nucleic acids were then used in various immunoenzymatic assays to detect specific hybrids formed in solution. System 2, using a double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and system 1, using a biotinylated probe, proved to be very effective. The method using biotin-streptavidin complex, however, resulted in a higher background signal. System 2 described here, using unlabeled probe, was more effective. This strategy allowed the detection of as little as 2.5 pg target RNA from pure culture and 500 cells from inoculated meat homogenate, even in the presence of other contaminating bacteria. The assay was more sensitive and could be completed within 3 h, as opposed to several days when conventional culture methods were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Fliss
- Département de Sciences et Technologie des aliments, Université Laval, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada
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Cros P, Kurfürst R, Allibert P, Battail N, Piga N, Roig V, Thuong NT, Mandrand B, Hélène C. Monoclonal antibodies targeted to alpha-oligonucleotides. Characterisation and application in nucleic acid detection. Nucleic Acids Res 1994; 22:2951-7. [PMID: 7520567 PMCID: PMC310260 DOI: 10.1093/nar/22.15.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to test the antigenicity of alpha-deoxyribonucleotides in order to develop a new tool for the detection of nucleic acid sequences for use in diagnostic applications. We describe four monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) which recognize alpha-deoxyribonucleotides. Two were raised against a poly(alpha-dT) sequence and specifically recognized the alpha-dT nucleotide. Two were raised against a sequence containing all four common nucleotides as alpha-nucleotides and, surprisingly, only recognized the alpha-dG nucleotide. For all four Mabs, no cross reactivity was observed with beta-oligonucleotides. These Mabs were reactive with alpha-oligonucleotide sequences whether these sequences were single-stranded or hybridized to DNA or RNA. The four Mabs were tested in a sandwich hybridization assay that consisted of an alpha-oligonucleotide (for target sequence recognition), one of the four Mabs (for recognition of the hybridized alpha-oligonucleotide), and goat anti-mouse antibody conjugated to horse radish peroxidase (HRP) (for detection). One of the monoclonal antibodies, Mab 2E11D7, was directly conjugated to HRP and used in sandwich hybridization to detect PCR fragments of HPV 18 DNA. The sensitivity of this reaction was 1 pg of plasmid DNA containing the HPV 18 fragment. The specificity of the detection was demonstrated using HPV 6/11 and 16 DNA sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Cros
- Laboratoire des Sondes Nucléiques, bioMérieux, ENS, Lyon, France
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Emond E, Fliss I, Pandian S. A ribosomal DNA fragment of Listeria monocytogenes and its use as a genus-specific probe in an aqueous-phase hybridization assay. Appl Environ Microbiol 1993; 59:2690-7. [PMID: 8368854 PMCID: PMC182340 DOI: 10.1128/aem.59.8.2690-2697.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
cDNAs were prepared from the total RNA of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19118 and used as probes to screen a genomic library of the same strain. Four clones were identified which contained ribosomal DNA fragments. Recombinant DNA from one of them was fractionated and differentially hybridized with the cDNA probes to RNA of L. monocytogenes and Kurthia zopfii. The resulting hybridization pattern revealed an HpaII fragment of 0.8 kb that was specific for the L. monocytogenes strain. The nucleotide sequence of this fragment showed 159 bases of the 3' end of the 16S rRNA gene, 243 bases of the spacer region, and 382 bases of the 5' end of the 23S rRNA gene. In dot blot hybridization assays, the 32P-labeled 784-bp fragment was specific only for Listeria species. Dot blot assays revealed that the 32P-labeled fragment can easily detect > or = 10 pg of total nucleic acids from pure cultures of L. monocytogenes, which corresponds to approximately 300 bacteria. This fragment was also used as a probe in an assay named the heteroduplex nucleic acid (HNA) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In this system, the biotinylated DNA probe is hybridized in the aqueous phase with target RNA molecules and then specific HNAs are captured by HNA-specific antibodies. Captured HNA molecules are revealed with an enzyme conjugate of streptavidin. In a preliminary HNA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the 784-bp fragment maintained its specificity for Listeria spp. and could detect 5 x 10(2) cells in artificially contaminated meat homogenate.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Emond
- Département de Sciences et Technologie des Aliments, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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