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Morgado ME, Brumfield KD, Chattopadhyay S, Malayil L, Alawode T, Amokeodo I, He X, Huq A, Colwell RR, Sapkota AR. Antibiotic resistance trends among Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland: a longitudinal study. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024:e0053924. [PMID: 38809043 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00539-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are often used to treat severe Vibrio infections, with third-generation cephalosporins and tetracyclines combined or fluoroquinolones alone being recommended by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Increases in antibiotic resistance of both environmental and clinical vibrios are of concern; however, limited longitudinal data have been generated among environmental isolates to inform how resistance patterns may be changing over time. Hence, we evaluated long-term trends in antibiotic resistance of vibrios isolated from Chesapeake Bay waters (Maryland) across two 3-year sampling periods (2009-2012 and 2019-2022). Vibrio parahaemolyticus (n = 134) and Vibrio vulnificus (n = 94) toxR-confirmed isolates were randomly selected from both sampling periods and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility against eight antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. A high percentage (94%-96%) of V. parahaemolyticus isolates from both sampling periods were resistant to ampicillin and only 2%-6% of these isolates expressed intermediate resistance or resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, amikacin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Even lower percentages of resistant V. vulnificus isolates were observed and those were mostly recovered from 2009 to 2012, however, the presence of multiple virulence factors was observed. The frequency of multi-drug resistance was relatively low (6%-8%) but included resistance against antibiotics used to treat severe vibriosis in adults and children. All isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, indicating its sustained efficacy as a first-line agent in the treatment of severe vibriosis. Overall, our data indicate that antibiotic resistance patterns among V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus recovered from the lower Chesapeake Bay have remained relatively stable since 2009.IMPORTANCEVibrio spp. have historically been susceptible to most clinically relevant antibiotics; however, resistance and intermediate-resistance have been increasingly recorded in both environmental and clinical isolates. Our data showed that while the percentage of multi-drug resistance and resistance to antibiotics was relatively low and stable across time, some Vibrio isolates displayed resistance and intermediate resistance to antibiotics typically used to treat severe vibriosis (e.g., third-generation cephalosporins, tetracyclines, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and aminoglycosides). Also, given the high case fatality rates observed with Vibrio vulnificus infections, the presence of multiple virulence factors in the tested isolates is concerning. Nevertheless, the continued susceptibility of all tested isolates against ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is indicative of its use as an effective first-line treatment of severe Vibrio spp. infections stemming from exposure to Chesapeake Bay waters or contaminated seafood ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele E Morgado
- Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Kyle D Brumfield
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Suhana Chattopadhyay
- Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Leena Malayil
- Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Taiwo Alawode
- Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ibiyinka Amokeodo
- Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Xin He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Anwar Huq
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Rita R Colwell
- Maryland Pathogen Research Institute, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- University of Maryland Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Department of Global, Environmental, and Occupational Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, USA
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Tambong JT, Xu R, Fleitas MC, Wang L, Hubbard K, Kutcher R. Phylogenomic Insights on the Xanthomonas translucens Complex, and Development of a TaqMan Real-Time Assay for Specific Detection of pv. translucens on Barley. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 113:2091-2102. [PMID: 37097305 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-23-0022-sa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The reemergence and spread of Xanthomonas translucens, the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak in cereal crops and wilt in turfgrass and forage species, is a concern to growers in the United States and Canada. The pathogen is seedborne and listed as an A2 quarantine organism by EPPO, making it a major constraint to international trade and exchange of germplasm. The pathovar concept of the X. translucens group is confusing due to overlapping of plant host ranges and specificity. Here, comparative genomics, phylogenomics, and 81 up-to-date bacterial core gene set (ubcg2) were used to assign the pathovars of X. translucens into three genetically and taxonomically distinct clusters. The study also showed that whole genome-based digital DNA-DNA hybridization unambiguously can differentiate the pvs. translucens and undulosa. Orthologous gene and proteome matrix analyses suggest that the cluster consisting of graminis, poae, arrhenatheri, phlei, and phleipratensis is very divergent. Whole-genome data were exploited to develop the first pathovar-specific TaqMan real-time PCR tool for detection of pv. translucens on barley. Specificity of the TaqMan assay was validated using 62 Xanthomonas and non-Xanthomonas strains as well as growth chamber-inoculated and naturally infected barley leaves. Sensitivity levels of 0.1 pg (purified DNA) and 23 CFUs per reaction (direct culture) compared favorably with other previously reported real-time PCR assays. The phylogenomics data reported here suggest that the clusters could constitute novel taxonomic units or new species. Finally, the pathovar-specific diagnostic tool will have significant benefits to growers and facilitate international exchange of barley germplasm and trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Tambong
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Renlin Xu
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maria Constanza Fleitas
- Department of Plant Sciences & Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Lipu Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences & Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Keith Hubbard
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Randy Kutcher
- Department of Plant Sciences & Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Waidner LA, Potdukhe TV. Tools to Enumerate and Predict Distribution Patterns of Environmental Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2502. [PMID: 37894160 PMCID: PMC10609196 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus (Vv) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) are water- and foodborne bacteria that can cause several distinct human diseases, collectively called vibriosis. The success of oyster aquaculture is negatively impacted by high Vibrio abundances. Myriad environmental factors affect the distribution of pathogenic Vibrio, including temperature, salinity, eutrophication, extreme weather events, and plankton loads, including harmful algal blooms. In this paper, we synthesize the current understanding of ecological drivers of Vv and Vp and provide a summary of various tools used to enumerate Vv and Vp in a variety of environments and environmental samples. We also highlight the limitations and benefits of each of the measurement tools and propose example alternative tools for more specific enumeration of pathogenic Vv and Vp. Improvement of molecular methods can tighten better predictive models that are potentially important for mitigation in more controlled environments such as aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A. Waidner
- Hal Marcus College of Science and Engineering, University of West Florida, 11000 University Pkwy, Building 58, Room 108, Pensacola, FL 32514, USA
| | - Trupti V. Potdukhe
- GEMS Program, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, 1853 W. Polk St., Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
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Liu W, Zhang G, Xu D, Ye J, Lu Y. A Novel RAA Combined Test Strip Method Based on Dual Gene Targets for Pathogenic Vibrio vulnificus in Aquatic Products. Foods 2023; 12:3605. [PMID: 37835259 PMCID: PMC10572794 DOI: 10.3390/foods12193605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus can cause disease in aquatic animals and humans, therefore, rapid and simple field detection of pathogenic V. vulnificus is important for early disease prevention. In this study, a novel recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) combined test strip with double T-lines (RAA-TS-DTL) was developed for the rapid detection of V. vulnificus in aquatic products. Pathogenic V. vulnificus was detected using the virulence vvhA gene and the housekeeping gene gyrB gene as the dual target of the test strip. The RAA-TS-DTL method showed 100% specificity for V. vulnificus, and no cross-reaction was observed with Vibrio spp. or other bacteria (n = 14). Furthermore, sensitive detection of V. vulnificus in oysters was achieved. The LODs of the gyrB and vvhA genes were 6 CFU/mL and 23 CFU/mL, respectively, which was about five times higher than that of the commercial test strip. The method was validated with spiked samples (n = 60) of fish, shrimp and oyster. The consistency between RAA-TS-DTL and the traditional culture method was 97.9%. In addition, the entire process of detection, including preparation of the sample, could be completed within 50 min. Our results indicated that the developed RAA-TS-DTL was a reliable and useful tool for rapid screening or on-site detection of pathogenic V. vulnificus in aquatic products and aquaculture water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (W.L.); (G.Z.); (D.X.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guangying Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (W.L.); (G.Z.); (D.X.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Di Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (W.L.); (G.Z.); (D.X.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jingqin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China;
| | - Ying Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; (W.L.); (G.Z.); (D.X.)
- Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201306, China
- Marine Biomedical Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Lingang Special Area, Shanghai 201306, China
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Schwartz AM, Marcotte HA, Johnson CN. Evaluation of Alternative Colony Hybridization Methods for Pathogenic Vibrios. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071472. [PMID: 37048292 PMCID: PMC10093671 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrios, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, are naturally occurring halophilic bacteria that are a major cause of foodborne illness. Because of their autochthonous nature, managing vibrio levels in marine and estuarine environments is impossible. Instead, it is crucial to reliably enumerate their abundance to minimize human exposure. One method of achieving this is the direct plating/colony hybridization (DP/CH) method, which has been used to efficiently quantify pathogenic vibrios in oysters and other seafood products. Although successful, the method relies on proprietary resources. We examined alternative approaches, assessed the influence of the reagent suppliers’ source on enumeration accuracy, and made experimental adjustments that maximized efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity. We report here that in-house conjugation via Cell Mosaic is a viable alternative to the previously available sole-source distributor of the alkaline phosphatase-conjugated probes used to enumerate vibrios in oysters. We also report that milk was a viable alternative as a blocking reagent, pH must be eight, an orbital shaker was a viable alternative to a water bath, and narrow polypropylene containers were a viable alternative to Whirl-Pak bags. These modifications will be crucial to scientists enumerating vibrios and other pathogens in food products.
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Hu L, Fu Y, Zhang S, Pan Z, Xia J, Zhu P, Guo J. An Assay Combining Droplet Digital PCR With Propidium Monoazide Treatment for the Accurate Detection of Live Cells of Vibrio vulnificus in Plasma Samples. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:927285. [PMID: 35910629 PMCID: PMC9335127 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.927285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is one of the most common pathogenic Vibrio species to humans; therefore, the establishment of timely and credible detection methods has become an urgent requirement for V. vulnificus illness surveillance. In this study, an assay combining droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) with propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment was developed for detecting V. vulnificus. The primers/probes targeting the V. vulnificus hemolysin A (vvhA) gene, amplification procedures, and PMA processing conditions involved in the assay were optimized. Then, we analyzed the specificity, sensitivity, and ability to detect live cell DNA while testing the performance of PMA-ddPCR in clinical samples. The optimal concentrations of primers and probes were 1.0 and 0.3 μM, respectively. The annealing temperature achieving the highest accuracy in ddPCR assay was 60°C. With an initial V. vulnificus cell concentration of 108 CFU/mL (colony-forming units per milliliter), the optimal strategy to distinguish live cells from dead cells was to treat samples with 100 μM PMA for 15 min in the dark and expose them to LED light with an output wavelength of 465 nm for 10 min. The specificity of the PMA-ddPCR assay was tested on 27 strains, including seven V. vulnificus strains and 20 other bacterial strains. Only the seven V. vulnificus strains were observed with positive signals in specificity analysis. Comparative experiments on the detection ability of PMA-ddPCR and PMA-qPCR in pure cultures and plasma samples were performed. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) in pure culture solutions of V. vulnificus were 29.33 and 53.64 CFU/mL in PMA-ddPCR, respectively. For artificially clinical sample tests in PMA-ddPCR, V. vulnificus could be detected at concentrations as low as 65.20 CFU/mL. The sensitivity of the PMA-ddPCR assay was 15- to 40-fold more sensitive than the PMA-qPCR in this study. The PMA-ddPCR assay we developed provides a new insight to accurately detect live cells of V. vulnificus in clinical samples, which is of great significance to enhance public health safety and security capability and improve the emergency response level for V. vulnificus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hu
- Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Yidong Fu
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhilei Pan
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Pilot Gene Technologies (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Zhu,
| | - Jing Guo
- Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Stomatology Hospital, Ningbo, China
- Jing Guo,
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Investigating the Relationship between Nitrate, Total Dissolved Nitrogen, and Phosphate with Abundance of Pathogenic Vibrios and Harmful Algal Blooms in Rehoboth Bay, Delaware. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0035622. [DOI: 10.1128/aem.00356-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio-associated illnesses have been expanding globally over the past several decades (A. Newton, M.
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Xiao X, Lin Z, Huang X, Lu J, Zhou Y, Zheng L, Lou Y. Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Vibrio vulnificus Using CRISPR/Cas12a Combined With a Recombinase-Aided Amplification Assay. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:767315. [PMID: 34745075 PMCID: PMC8566878 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.767315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is an important zoonotic and aquatic pathogen and can cause vibriosis in humans and aquatic animals (especially farmed fish and shrimp species). Rapid and sensitive detection methods for V. vulnificus are still required to diagnose human vibriosis early and reduce aquaculture losses. Herein, we developed a rapid and sensitive diagnostic method comprising a recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) assay and the CRISPR/Cas12a system (named RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a) to detect V. vulnificus. The RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a method allows rapid and sensitive detection of V. vulnificus in 40 min without a sophisticated instrument, and the limit of detection is two copies of V. vulnificus genomic DNA per reaction. Meanwhile, the method shows satisfactory specificity toward non-target bacteria and high accuracy in the spiked blood, stool, and shrimp samples. Therefore, our proposed rapid and sensitive V. vulnificus detection method, RAA-CRISPR/Cas12a, has great potential for early diagnosis of human vibriosis and on-site V. vulnificus detection in aquaculture and food safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Xiao
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ziqin Lin
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Huang
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinfang Lu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Laibao Zheng
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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9
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Wang P, Liao L, Ma C, Zhang X, Yu J, Yi L, Liu X, Shen H, Gao S, Lu Q. Duplex On-Site Detection of Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus by Recombinase Polymerase Amplification and Three-Segment Lateral Flow Strips. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2021; 11:bios11050151. [PMID: 34066017 PMCID: PMC8151630 DOI: 10.3390/bios11050151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio vulnificus are two most reported foodborne Vibrio pathogens related to seafood. Due to global ocean warming and an increase in seafood consumption worldwide, foodborne illnesses related to infection of these two bacteria are growing, leading to food safety issues and economic consequences. Molecular detection methods targeting species-specific genes are effective tools in the fight against bacterial infections for food safety. In this study, a duplex detection biosensor based on isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) and a three-segment lateral flow strip (LFS) has been established. The biosensor used lolB gene of Vibrio cholerae and empV gene of Vibrio vulnificus as the detection markers based on previous reports. A duplex RPA reaction for both targets were constructed, and two chemical labels, FITC and DIG, of the amplification products were carefully tested for effective and accurate visualization on the strip. The biosensor demonstrated good specificity and achieved a sensitivity of 101 copies per reaction or one colony forming unit (CFU)/10 g of spiked food for both bacteria. Validation with clinical samples showed results consistent with that of real-time polymerase chain reaction. The detection process was simple and fast with a 30-min reaction at 37 °C and visualization on the strip within 5 min. With little dependence on laboratory settings, this biosensor was suitable for on-site detection, and the duplex system enabled simultaneous detection of the two important foodborne bacteria. Moreover, the principle can be extended to healthcare and food safety applications for other pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (P.W.); (L.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Lei Liao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (L.L.); (C.M.); (X.Z.)
| | - Chao Ma
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (L.L.); (C.M.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (L.L.); (C.M.); (X.Z.)
| | - Junwei Yu
- Ustar Biotechnologies (Hangzhou) Ltd., Hangzhou 310053, China;
| | - Longyu Yi
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (P.W.); (L.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (P.W.); (L.Y.); (X.L.)
| | - Hui Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Nantong 226007, China;
| | - Song Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-Industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; (L.L.); (C.M.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (Q.L.)
| | - Qunwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Center for Human Genome Research, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; (P.W.); (L.Y.); (X.L.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (Q.L.)
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10
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Sensitively and quickly detecting Vibrio vulnificus by real time recombinase polymerase amplification targeted to vvhA gene. Mol Cell Probes 2021; 57:101726. [PMID: 33789126 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2021.101726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) is a Gram-negative bacterium living in warm and salty water. This marine bacterium could produce hemolysin (VVH), which often causes serious gastroenteritis or septicemia when people contact to seawater or seafood containing V. vulnificus. Timely diagnosis is regard as essential to disease surveillance. In this paper, we aimed at developing a quick and sensitive method for the detection of Vibrio vulnificus using real time recombinase polymerase amplification (real time RPA). Specific primers and an exo probe were designed on the basis of the vvhA gene sequence available in GenBank. Target DNA could be amplified and labeled with specific fluorophore within 20 min at 38 °C. The method exhibited a high specificity, only detecting Vibrio vulnificus and not showing cross-reaction with other bacteria. The sensitivity of this method was 2 pg per reaction (20 μL) for DNA, or 200 copies per reaction (20 μL) for standard plasmid. The detection limit (LOD) stated as the target level that would be detected 95% of the time and estimated was 1.58 × 102 copies by fit of the probit to the results of 8 replicates in different concentration. For quantitative analysis of the real time RPA, the second order polynomial regression was adopted in our study. The results showed the correlation coefficients were raised above 0.98, which suggested this model might be a better choice for the quantitative analysis of real time RPA compared to the routine linear regression model. For artificially contaminated plasma samples, Vibrio vulnificus could be detected within 16 min by real time RPA at concentration as low as 1.2 × 102 CFU/mL or 2.4 CFU per reaction (20 μL). Thus, the real time RPA method established in this study shows great potential for detecting Vibrio vulnificus in the research laboratory and disease diagnosis.
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Xu R, Adam L, Chapados J, Soliman A, Daayf F, Tambong JT. MinION Nanopore-based detection of Clavibacter nebraskensis, the corn Goss's wilt pathogen, and bacteriomic profiling of necrotic lesions of naturally-infected leaf samples. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245333. [PMID: 33481876 PMCID: PMC7822522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The Goss’s bacterial wilt pathogen, Clavibacter nebraskensis, of corn is a candidate A1 quarantine organism; and its recent re-emergence and spread in the USA and Canada is a potential biothreat to the crop. We developed and tested an amplicon-based Nanopore detection system for C. nebraskensis (Cn), targeting a purine permease gene. The sensitivity (1 pg) of this system in mock bacterial communities (MBCs) spiked with serially diluted DNA of C. nebraskensis NCPPB 2581T is comparable to that of real-time PCR. Average Nanopore reads increased exponentially from 125 (1pg) to about 6000 reads (1000 pg) after a 3-hr run-time, with 99.0% of the reads accurately assigned to C. nebraskensis. Three run-times were used to process control MBCs, Cn-spiked MBCs, diseased and healthy leaf samples. The mean Nanopore reads doubled as the run-time is increased from 3 to 6 hrs while from 6 to 12 hrs, a 20% increment was recorded in all treatments. Cn-spiked MBCs and diseased corn leaf samples averaged read counts of 5,100, 11,000 and 14,000 for the respective run-times, with 99.8% of the reads taxonomically identified as C. nebraskensis. The control MBCs and healthy leaf samples had 47 and 14 Nanopore reads, respectively. 16S rRNA bacteriomic profiles showed that Sphingomonas (22.7%) and Clavibacter (21.2%) were dominant in diseased samples while Pseudomonas had only 3.5% relative abundance. In non-symptomatic leaf samples, however, Pseudomonas (20.0%) was dominant with Clavibacter at 0.08% relative abundance. This discrepancy in Pseudomonas abundance in the samples was corroborated by qPCR using EvaGreen chemistry. Our work outlines a new useful tool for diagnosis of the Goss’s bacterial wilt disease; and provides the first insight on Pseudomonas community dynamics in necrotic leaf lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renlin Xu
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorne Adam
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Julie Chapados
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Atta Soliman
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Fouad Daayf
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - James T. Tambong
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- * E-mail:
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12
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Dickerson J, Gooch-Moore J, Jacobs JM, Mott JB. Characteristics of Vibrio vulnificus isolates from clinical and environmental sources. Mol Cell Probes 2021; 56:101695. [PMID: 33453365 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2021.101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have developed multiple methods to characterize clinical and environmental strains of Vibrio vulnificus. The aim of our study was to use four assays to detect virulence factors in strains from infected patients and those from surface waters/sediments/oysters of South Carolina and the Gulf of Mexico. Vibrio vulnificus strains from clinical (n = 81) and environmental (n = 171) sources were tested using three real-time PCR methods designed to detect polymorphisms in the 16S rRNA, vcg and pilF genes and a phenotypic method, the ability to ferment D-mannitol. Although none of the tests correctly categorized all isolates, the differentiation between clinical and environmental isolates was similar for the pilF, vcgC/E and 16S rRNA assays, with sensitivities of 74.1-79.2% and specificities of 77.4-82.7%. The pilF and vcgC/E assays are comparable in efficacy to the widely used 16S rRNA method, while the D-mannitol fermentation test is less discriminatory (sensitivity = 77.8%, specificity = 61.4%). Overall percent agreement for the D-mannitol fermentation method was also lower (66.7%) than overall percent agreement for the 3 molecular assays (78.0%-80.2%). This study demonstrated, using a large, diverse group of Vibrio vulnificus isolates, that three assays could be used to distinguish most clinical vs environmental isolates; however, additional assays are needed to increase accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dickerson
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, 951 Carrier Dr., MSC 7801, Harrisonburg, VA, USA; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Center for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research (CCEHBR) Lab, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J Gooch-Moore
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Center for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research (CCEHBR) Lab, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - J M Jacobs
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), National Center for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD, USA.
| | - J B Mott
- James Madison University, Department of Biology, 951 Carrier Dr., MSC 7801, Harrisonburg, VA, USA
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13
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Yuan Y, Feng Z, Wang J. Vibrio vulnificus Hemolysin: Biological Activity, Regulation of vvhA Expression, and Role in Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:599439. [PMID: 33193453 PMCID: PMC7644469 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.599439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) hemolysin (VVH) is a pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (CDC). Although there has been some debate surrounding the in vivo virulence effects of the VVH, it is becoming increasingly clear that it drives different cellular outcomes and is involved in the pathogenesis of V. vulnificus. This minireview outlines recent advances in our understanding of the regulation of vvhA gene expression, the biological activity of the VVH and its role in pathogenesis. An in-depth examination of the role of the VVH in V. vulnificus pathogenesis will help reveal the potential targets for therapeutic and preventive interventions to treat fatal V. vulnificus septicemia in humans. Future directions in VVH research will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Zihan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing, China
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14
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Yang X, Zhang X, Wang Y, Shen H, Jiang G, Dong J, Zhao P, Gao S. A Real-Time Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Method for Rapid Detection of Vibrio vulnificus in Seafood. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:586981. [PMID: 33240242 PMCID: PMC7677453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.586981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important foodborne pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus gives a significant threat to food safety and public health. Rapid and accurate detection methods for V. vulnificus are required to control its spread. The conventional detection methods are time-consuming and labor-intensive, while the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)- and quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based methods are limited because of their dependence on laboratory equipment. Nucleic acid isothermal amplification technologies have been applied to develop simpler assays. In this study, a rapid detection method based on real-time recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) targeting the extracellular metalloprotease (empV) gene of V. vulnificus has been established. The method finished the detection in 2–14 min at 39°C with good specificity. The limit of detection was 17 gene copies or 1 colony-forming unit (CFU) per reaction, or 1 CFU/10 g of spiked food with enrichment. In a clinical sample detection test, the results of real-time RPA were 100% consistent with bioassay and qPCR. Moreover, the method could resist the effect of food matrix and could tolerate crude templates. The real-time RPA method established in this study is rapid and simple and has the potential to be widely applied for V. vulnificus detection in food safety control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Nantong, China
| | - Ge Jiang
- Jiangsu Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Nantong, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research by Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Song Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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15
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Yang X, Zhao P, Dong Y, Chen S, Shen H, Jiang G, Zhu H, Dong J, Gao S. An isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification and lateral flow strip combined method for rapid on-site detection of Vibrio vulnificus in raw seafood. Food Microbiol 2020; 98:103664. [PMID: 33875195 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is an important foodborne pathogenic bacterium that mainly contaminates seafood. Rapid and accurate technologies that suitable for on-site detection are critical for effective control of its spreading. Conventional detection methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based and qPCR-based approaches have application limitations in on-site scenarios. Application of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technology was a good step towards the on-site detection. In this study, a recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA)-based detection method for V. vulnificus was developed combining with lateral flow strip (LFS) for visualized signal. The method targeted the conservative empV gene encoding the extracellular metalloproteinase, and finished detection in 35 min at a conveniently low temperature of 37 °C. It showed good specificity and an excellent sensitivity of 2 copies of the genome or 10-1 colony forming unit (CFU) per reaction, or 1 CFU/10 g in spiked food samples with enrichment. The method tolerated unpurified templates directly from sample boiling, which added the convenience of the overall procedure. Application of the RPA-LFS method for clinical samples showed accurate and consistent detection results compared to bioassay and quantitative PCR. This RPA-LFS combined method is well suited for on-site detection of V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Panpan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research By Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yu Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Shiqi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Jiangsu Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Ge Jiang
- Jiangsu Institute of Oceanology and Marine Fisheries, Nantong, 226007, China
| | - Hai Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
| | - Song Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, 222005, China.
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16
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Canty R, Blackwood D, Noble R, Froelich B. A comparison between farmed oysters using floating cages and oysters grown on-bottom reveals more potentially human pathogenic Vibrio in the on-bottom oysters. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:4257-4263. [PMID: 32079036 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Eating raw oysters can come with serious health risks, as oysters can potentially contain bacteria of the Vibrio genus that cause food-borne infections. Vibrio bacteria are concentrated by oysters and, when consumed, infections can result with severe symptoms such as diarrhoea, lesions on the extremities, or even death. Vibrio spp. concentrations are strongly affected by season, location, and other factors such as temperature and salinity. Previous research in North Carolina oysters has been conducted on wild and farmed oysters but not at the same time. Farmed, or aquaculture raised, oysters are considerably different from wild oysters and could possibly pose different health risks. Farmed oysters are handled, raised from seed, and often grown using suspended grow-out systems called 'floating cages'. Therefore, farmed oysters can be grown at the surface of the estuary, while wild oysters typically grow at the bottom of the water column. This project compared the concentrations of Vibrio spp. in suspended, farm-grown oysters and wild oysters at three sites, using a paired approach with farmed and wild oysters sampled in proximity. An important part of this comparison was identifying pathogenicity of the bacteria isolated from the samples. Distinction was made between off- and on-bottom farming. Interestingly, on-bottom oysters had more pathogenic V. vulnificus than off-bottom oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Canty
- Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Denene Blackwood
- Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Rachel Noble
- Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
| | - Brett Froelich
- Institute of Marine Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Morehead City, NC, 28557, USA
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17
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Rahimi-Khameneh S, Hsieh S, Xu R, Avis TJ, Li S, Smith D, Dutta B, Gitaitis RD, Tambong JT. Pathogenicity and a TaqMan Real-Time PCR for Specific Detection of Pantoea allii, a Bacterial Pathogen of Onions. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:3031-3040. [PMID: 31638863 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-19-0563-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial diseases of onion are reported to cause significant economic losses. Pantoea allii Brady, one of the pathogens causing the center rot on onions, has not yet been reported in Canada. We report the pathogenicity of P. allii on commercially available Canadian green onions (scallions). All P. allii-inoculated plants, irrespective of the inoculum concentration, exhibited typical leaf chlorotic discoloration on green onion leaves, which can reduce their marketability. Reisolation of P. allii from infected scallion tissues and reidentification by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the leuS gene suggest that the pathogen can survive in infected tissues 21 days after inoculation. This is the first report of P. allii as a potential pathogen of green onions. This study also reports the development and validation of a TaqMan real-time PCR assay targeting the leuS gene for reliable detection of P. allii in pure cultures and in planta. A 642-bp leuS gene fragment was targeted because it showed high nucleotide diversity and positively correlated with genome-based average nucleotide identity with respect to percent similarity index and identity of Pantoea species. The assay specificity was validated using 61 bacterial and fungal strains. Under optimal conditions, the selected primers and FAM-labeled TaqMan probe were specific for the detection of nine reference P. allii strains by real-time PCR. The 52 strains of other Pantoea spp. (n = 25), non-Pantoea spp. (n = 20), and fungi/oomycetes (n = 7) tested negative (no detectable fluorescence). Onion tissues spiked with P. allii, naturally infested onion bulbs, greenhouse infected green onion leaf samples, as well as an interlaboratory blind test were used to validate the assay specificity. The sensitivities of a 1-pg DNA concentration and 30 CFU are comparable to previously reported real-time PCR assays of other bacterial pathogens. The TaqMan real-time PCR assay developed in this study will facilitate reliable detection of P. allii and could be a useful tool for screening onion imports or exports for the presence of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanni Hsieh
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Renlin Xu
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Tyler J Avis
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean Li
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Donna Smith
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Bhabesh Dutta
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Campus, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, U.S.A
| | - Ronald D Gitaitis
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Campus, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, U.S.A
| | - James T Tambong
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
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18
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Zhang J, DI B, Shan H, Liu J, Zhou Y, Chen H, Hu L, Wu X, Bai Z. Rapid Detection of Bacillus cereus Using Cross-Priming Amplification. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1744-1750. [PMID: 31536421 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus is a spore-forming gastrointestinal pathogen that can cause life-threatening diseases. Here, a simple and effective assay to detect B. cereus was developed, using cross-priming amplification (CPA). Amplicons were detected using disposable cartridges that contained nucleic acid detection strips. The sensitivity of CPA assay for B. cereus was assessed using serial dilutions of genomic DNA, which indicated a detection limit of 3.6 × 101 CFU/mL. No cross-reactions were detected when genomic DNA extracted from 12 different B. cereus strains and 20 other bacterial foodborne strains were tested, suggesting that the assay is highly specific. Finally, we evaluated the practical applications of the CPA assay for the detection of B. cereus in 150 food samples and found that its sensitivity and specificity, compared with real-time PCR, were approximately 98.18 and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, CPA combined with nucleic acid detection strips is easy to perform, requires simple equipment, and offers highly specific and sensitive B. cereus detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, 510440, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-2393 [Z.B.])
| | - Biao DI
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, 510440, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-2393 [Z.B.])
| | - Hongbo Shan
- ADICON Clinical Laboratory, Inc., No. 398 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, 510440, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-2393 [Z.B.])
| | - Yong Zhou
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, 510440, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-2393 [Z.B.])
| | - Huiling Chen
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, 510440, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-2393 [Z.B.])
| | - Lin Hu
- Ustar Biotechnologies (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., 3766 Nanhuan Road, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinwei Wu
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, 510440, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-2393 [Z.B.])
| | - Zhijun Bai
- Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1 Qide Road, Guangzhou, 510440, Guangdong, People's Republic of China (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8377-2393 [Z.B.])
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19
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Deeb R, Tufford D, Scott GI, Moore JG, Dow K. Impact of Climate Change on Vibrio vulnificus Abundance and Exposure Risk. ESTUARIES AND COASTS : JOURNAL OF THE ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION 2018; 41:2289-2303. [PMID: 31263385 PMCID: PMC6602088 DOI: 10.1007/s12237-018-0424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio species are marine bacteria that occur in estuaries worldwide; many are virulent human pathogens with high levels of antibiotic resistance. The average annual incidence of all Vibrio infections has increased by 41% between 1996 and 2005. V. vulnificus (Vv), a species associated with shellfish and occurring in the US Southeast, has ranges of temperature (16-33 °C) and salinity (5-20 ppt) dependencies for optimal growth. Increased water temperatures caused by atmospheric warming and increased salinity gradients caused by sea level rise raise concerns for the effect of climate change on the geographic range of Vv and the potential for increased exposure risk. This research combined monthly field sampling, laboratory analysis, and modeling to identify the current occurrence of Vv in the Winyah Bay estuary (South Carolina, USA) and assess the possible effects of climate change on future geographic range and exposure risk in the estuary. Vv concentrations ranged from 0 to 58 colony forming units (CFU)/mL, salinities ranged from 0 to 28 ppt, and temperature from 18 to 31 °C. A significant empirical relationship was found between Vv concentration and salinity and temperature that fit well with published optimal ranges for growth for these environmental parameters. These results, when coupled with an existing model of future specific conductance, indicated that sea level rise has a greater impact on exposure risk than temperature increases in the estuary. Risk increased by as much as four times compared to current conditions with the largest temporally widespread increase at the most upriver site where currently there is minimal risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Deeb
- School of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Daniel Tufford
- Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Geoffrey I. Scott
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Janet Gooch Moore
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
| | - Kirstin Dow
- Department of Geography, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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20
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Leight AK, Crump BC, Hood RR. Assessment of Fecal Indicator Bacteria and Potential Pathogen Co-Occurrence at a Shellfish Growing Area. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:384. [PMID: 29593669 PMCID: PMC5861211 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Routine monitoring of shellfish growing waters for bacteria indicative of human sewage pollution reveals little about the bacterial communities that co-occur with these indicators. This study investigated the bacterial community, potential pathogens, and fecal indicator bacteria in 40 water samples from a shellfish growing area in the Chesapeake Bay, USA. Bacterial community composition was quantified with deep sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, and absolute gene abundances were estimated with an internal standard (Thermus thermophilus genomes). Fecal coliforms were quantified by culture, and Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus with quantitative PCR. Fecal coliforms and V. vulnificus were detected in most samples, and a diverse assemblage of potential human pathogens were detected in all samples. These taxa followed two general patterns of abundance. Fecal coliforms and 16S rRNA genes for Enterobacteriaceae, Aeromonas, Arcobacter, Staphylococcus, and Bacteroides increased in abundance after a 1.3-inch rain event in May, and, for some taxa, after smaller rain events later in the season, suggesting that these are allochthonous organisms washed in from land. Clostridiaceae and Mycobacterium 16S rRNA gene abundances increased with day of the year and were not positively related to rainfall, suggesting that these are autochthonous organisms. Other groups followed both patterns, such as Legionella. Fecal coliform abundance did not correlate with most other taxa, but were extremely high following the large rainstorm in May when they co-occurred with a broad range of potential pathogen groups. V. vulnificus were absent during the large rainstorm, and did not correlate with 16S rRNA abundances of Vibrio spp. or most other taxa. These results highlight the complex nature of bacterial communities and the limited utility of using specific bacterial groups as indicators of pathogen presence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew K Leight
- Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, National Ocean Service/National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Oxford, MD, United States.,Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, United States
| | - Byron C Crump
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Raleigh R Hood
- Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, United States
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Greenfield DI, Gooch Moore J, Stewart JR, Hilborn ED, George BJ, Li Q, Dickerson J, Keppler CK, Sandifer PA. Temporal and Environmental Factors Driving Vibrio Vulnificus and V. Parahaemolyticus Populations and Their Associations With Harmful Algal Blooms in South Carolina Detention Ponds and Receiving Tidal Creeks. GEOHEALTH 2017; 1:306-317. [PMID: 32158995 PMCID: PMC7007149 DOI: 10.1002/2017gh000094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Incidences of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and Vibrio infections have increased over recent decades. Numerous studies have tried to identify environmental factors driving HABs and pathogenic Vibrio populations separately. Few have considered the two simultaneously, though emerging evidence suggests that algal blooms enhance Vibrio growth and survival. This study examined various physical, nutrient, and temporal factors associated with incidences of HABs, V. vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus in South Carolina coastal stormwater detention ponds, managed systems where HABs often proliferate, and their receiving tidal creek waters. Five blooms occurred during the study (2008-2009): two during relatively warmer months (an August 2008 cyanobacteria bloom and a November 2008 dinoflagellate bloom) followed by increases in both Vibrio species and V. parahaemolyticus, respectively, and three during cooler months (December 2008 through February 2009) caused by dinoflagellates and euglenophytes that were not associated with marked changes in Vibrio abundances. Vibrio concentrations were positively and significantly associated with temperature and dissolved organic matter, dinoflagellate blooms, negatively and significantly associated with suspended solids, but not significantly correlated with chlorophyll or nitrogen. While more research involving longer time series is needed to increase robustness, findings herein suggest that certain HAB species may augment Vibrio occurrences during warmer months.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. I. Greenfield
- Now at Advanced Science Research CenterCity University of New YorkNew York CityNYUSA
- Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal SciencesUniversity of South CarolinaCharlestonSCUSA
- Marine Resources Research InstituteSouth Carolina Department of Natural ResourcesCharlestonSCUSA
| | | | - J. R. Stewart
- NOAA, National Ocean ServiceCharlestonSCUSA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public HealthUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNCUSA
| | - E. D. Hilborn
- National Health and Environmental Effects LaboratoryOffice of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | - B. J. George
- National Health and Environmental Effects LaboratoryOffice of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection AgencyResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | - Q. Li
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research CenterSamuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA
| | | | - C. K. Keppler
- Marine Resources Research InstituteSouth Carolina Department of Natural ResourcesCharlestonSCUSA
| | - P. A. Sandifer
- NOAA, National Ocean ServiceCharlestonSCUSA
- Now at School of Sciences and MathematicsCollege of CharlestonCharlestonSCUSA
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22
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Tambong JT, Xu R, Daayf F, Brière S, Bilodeau GJ, Tropiano R, Hartke A, Reid LM, Cott M, Cote T, Agarkova I. Genome Analysis and Development of a Multiplex TaqMan Real-Time PCR for Specific Identification and Detection of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2016; 106:1473-1485. [PMID: 27452898 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-16-0188-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The reemergence of the Goss's bacterial wilt and blight disease in corn in the United States and Canada has prompted investigative research to better understand the genome organization. In this study, we generated a draft genome sequence of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis strain DOAB 395 and performed genome and proteome analysis of C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis strains isolated in 2014 (DOAB 397 and DOAB 395) compared with the type strain, NCPPB 2581 (isolated over 40 years ago). The proteomes of strains DOAB 395 and DOAB 397 exhibited a 99.2% homology but had 92.1 and 91.8% homology, respectively, with strain NCPPB 2581. The majority (99.9%) of the protein sequences had a 99.6 to 100% homology between C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis strains DOAB 395 and DOAB 397, with only four protein sequences (0.1%) exhibiting a similarity <70%. In contrast, 3.0% of the protein sequences of strain DOAB 395 or DOAB 397 showed low homologies (<70%) with the type strain NCPPB 2581. The genome data were exploited for the development of a multiplex TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tool for rapid detection of C. michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis. The specificity of the assay was validated using 122 strains of Clavibacter and non-Clavibacter spp. A blind test and naturally infected leaf samples were used to confirm specificity. The sensitivity (0.1 to 1.0 pg) compared favorably with previously reported real-time PCR assays. This tool should fill the current gap for a reliable diagnostic technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Tambong
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Renlin Xu
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Fouad Daayf
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Stephan Brière
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Guillaume J Bilodeau
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Raymond Tropiano
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Allison Hartke
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Lana M Reid
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Morgan Cott
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Tammy Cote
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
| | - Irina Agarkova
- First, second, and eighth authors: Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada; third author: Department of Plant Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; fourth, fifth, sixth, and seventh authors: Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; ninth and tenth authors: Manitoba Corn Growers Association, Carman, Manitoba, Canada; and eleventh author: Department of Plant Pathology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln
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23
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Xu R, Falardeau J, Avis TJ, Tambong JT. HybProbes-based real-time PCR assay for specific identification of Streptomyces scabies and Streptomyces europaeiscabiei, the potato common scab pathogens. Lett Appl Microbiol 2016; 62:153-9. [PMID: 26551004 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this study was to develop and validate a HybProbes-based real-time PCR assay targeting the trpB gene for specific identification of Streptomyces scabies and Streptomyces europaeiscabiei. Four primer pairs and a fluorescent probe were designed and evaluated for specificity in identifying S. scabies and Streptomyces europaeiscabiei, the potato common scab pathogens. The specificity of the HybProbes-based real-time PCR assay was evaluated using 46 bacterial strains, 23 Streptomyces strains and 23 non-Streptomyces bacterial species. Specific and strong fluorescence signals were detected from all nine strains of S. scabies and Streptomyces europaeiscabiei. No fluorescence signal was detected from 14 strains of other Streptomyces species and all non-Streptomyces strains. The identification was corroborated by the melting curve analysis that was performed immediately after the amplification step. Eight of the nine S. scabies and S. europaeiscabiei strains exhibited a unique melting peak, at Tm of 69·1°C while one strain, Warba-6, had a melt peak at Tm of 65·4°C. This difference in Tm peaks could be attributed to a guanine to cytosine mutation in strain Warba-6 at the region spanning the donor HybProbe. The reported HybProbes assay provides a more specific tool for accurate identification of S. scabies and S. europaeiscabiei strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study reports a novel assay based on HybProbes chemistry for rapid and accurate identification of the potato common scab pathogens. Since the HybProbes chemistry requires two probes for positive identification, the assay is considered to be more specific than conventional PCR or TaqMan real-time PCR. The developed assay would be a useful tool with great potential in early diagnosis and detection of common scab pathogens of potatoes in infected plants or for surveillance of potatoes grown in soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Xu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J Falardeau
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - T J Avis
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - J T Tambong
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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24
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Siboni N, Balaraju V, Carney R, Labbate M, Seymour JR. Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Vibrio spp. within the Sydney Harbour Estuary. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:460. [PMID: 27148171 PMCID: PMC4829023 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio are a genus of marine bacteria that have substantial environmental and human health importance, and there is evidence that their impact may be increasing as a consequence of changing environmental conditions. We investigated the abundance and composition of the Vibrio community within the Sydney Harbour estuary, one of the most densely populated coastal areas in Australia, and a region currently experiencing rapidly changing environmental conditions. Using quantitative PCR (qPCR) and Vibrio-specific 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing approaches we observed significant spatial and seasonal variation in the abundance and composition of the Vibrio community. Total Vibrio spp. abundance, derived from qPCR analysis, was higher during the late summer than winter and within locations with mid-range salinity (5-26 ppt). In addition we targeted three clinically important pathogens: Vibrio cholerae, V. Vulnificus, and V. parahaemolyticus. While toxigenic strains of V. cholerae were not detected in any samples, non-toxigenic strains were detected in 71% of samples, spanning a salinity range of 0-37 ppt and were observed during both late summer and winter. In contrast, pathogenic V. vulnificus was only detected in 14% of samples, with its occurrence restricted to the late summer and a salinity range of 5-26 ppt. V. parahaemolyticus was not observed at any site or time point. A Vibrio-specific 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing approach revealed clear shifts in Vibrio community composition across sites and between seasons, with several Vibrio operational taxonomic units (OTUs) displaying marked spatial patterns and seasonal trends. Shifts in the composition of the Vibrio community between seasons were primarily driven by changes in temperature, salinity and NO2, while a range of factors including pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen (DO) and NOx (Nitrogen Oxides) explained the observed spatial variation. Our evidence for the presence of a spatiotemporally dynamic Vibrio community within Sydney Harbour is notable given the high levels of human use of this waterway, and the significant increases in seawater temperature predicted for this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachshon Siboni
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, UltimoNSW, Australia
| | - Varunan Balaraju
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, UltimoNSW, Australia
- School of Life Sciences, The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, UltimoNSW, Australia
| | - Richard Carney
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, UltimoNSW, Australia
| | - Maurizio Labbate
- School of Life Sciences, The ithree institute, University of Technology Sydney, UltimoNSW, Australia
| | - Justin R. Seymour
- Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, UltimoNSW, Australia
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25
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Kim HJ, Ryu JO, Lee SY, Kim ES, Kim HY. Multiplex PCR for detection of the Vibrio genus and five pathogenic Vibrio species with primer sets designed using comparative genomics. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:239. [PMID: 26502878 PMCID: PMC4624192 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0577-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genus Vibrio is clinically significant and major pathogenic Vibrio species causing human Vibrio infections are V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. alginolyticus and V. mimicus. In this study, we screened for novel genetic markers using comparative genomics and developed a Vibrio multiplex PCR for the reliable diagnosis of the Vibrio genus and the associated major pathogenic Vibrio species. METHODS A total of 30 Vibrio genome sequences were subjected to comparative genomics, and specific genes of the Vibrio genus and five major pathogenic Vibrio species were screened. The designed primer sets from the screened genes were evaluated by single PCR using DNAs from various Vibrio spp. and other non-Vibrio bacterial strains. A sextuplet multiplex PCR using six primer sets was developed to enable detection of the Vibrio genus and five pathogenic Vibrio species. RESULTS The designed primer sets from the screened genes yielded specific diagnostic results for target the Vibrio genus and Vibrio species. The specificity of the developed multiplex PCR was confirmed with various Vibrio and non-Vibrio strains. This Vibrio multiplex PCR was evaluated using 117 Vibrio strains isolated from the south seashore areas in Korea and Vibrio isolates were identified as Vibrio spp., V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus and V. alginolyticus, demonstrating the specificity and discriminative ability of the assay towards Vibrio species. CONCLUSIONS This novel multiplex PCR method could provide reliable and informative identification of the Vibrio genus and major pathogenic Vibrio species in the food safety industry and in early clinical treatment, thereby protecting humans against Vibrio infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Joong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji-Oh Ryu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shin-Young Lee
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ei-Seul Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Yeong Kim
- Institute of Life Sciences & Resources and Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Paranjpye RN, Nilsson WB, Liermann M, Hilborn ED, George BJ, Li Q, Bill BD, Trainer VL, Strom MS, Sandifer PA. Environmental influences on the seasonal distribution of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Pacific Northwest of the USA. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv121. [PMID: 26454066 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the environment can be influenced by numerous factors. We assessed the correlation of total (tl+) and potentially virulent (tdh+) V. parahaemolyticus in water with three harmful algal bloom (HAB) genera (Pseudo-nitzschia, Alexandrium and Dinophysis), the abundance of diatoms and dinoflagellates, chlorophyll-a and temperature, salinity and macronutrients at five sites in Washington State from 2008-2009. The variability in V. parahaemolyticus density was explained predominantly by strong seasonal trends where maximum densities occurred in June, 2 months prior to the highest seasonal water temperature. In spite of large geographic differences in temperature, salinity and nutrients, there was little evidence of corresponding differences in V. parahaemolyticus density. In addition, there was no evident relationship between V. parahaemolyticus and indices of HAB genera, perhaps due to a lack of significant HAB events during the sampling period. The only nutrient significantly associated with V. parahaemolyticus density after accounting for the seasonal trend was silicate. This negative relationship may be caused by a shift in cell wall structure for some diatom species to a chitinous substrate preferred by V. parahaemolyticus. Results from our study differ from those in other regions corroborating previous findings that environmental factors that trigger vibrio and HAB events may differ depending on geographic locations. Therefore caution should be used when applying results from one region to another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohinee N Paranjpye
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - William B Nilsson
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Martin Liermann
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Hilborn
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Barbara J George
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Quanlin Li
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian D Bill
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Vera L Trainer
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Mark S Strom
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Paul A Sandifer
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA
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27
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Development of rapid and sensitive antiflagellar monoclonal antibody based lateral flow device for the detection of Vibrio vulnificus from oyster homogenate. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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28
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Zhang X, Li K, Wu S, Shuai J, Fang W. Peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in-situ hybridization for identification of Vibrio spp. in aquatic products and environments. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 206:39-44. [PMID: 25955286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A peptide nucleic acid fluorescence in situ hybridization (PNA-FISH) method was developed for specific detection of the Vibrio genus. In silico analysis by BLAST and ProbeCheck showed that the designed PNA probe targeting the 16S rRNAs was suitable for specific identification of Vibrio. Specificity and sensitivity of the probe Vib-16S-1 were experimentally verified by its reactivity against 18 strains of 9 Vibrio species and 14 non-Vibrio strains of 14 representative species. The PNA-FISH assay was able to identify 47 Vibrio positive samples from selectively enriched cultures of 510 samples of aquatic products and environments, comparable with the results obtained by biochemical identification and real-time PCR. We conclude that PNA-FISH can be an alternative method for rapid identification of Vibrio species in a broad spectrum of seafood or related samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China; Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 126 Fuchun Road, Hangzhou 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Li
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 126 Fuchun Road, Hangzhou 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wu
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 126 Fuchun Road, Hangzhou 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangbing Shuai
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 126 Fuchun Road, Hangzhou 310012, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihuan Fang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine & Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Shaw KS, Sapkota AR, Jacobs JM, He X, Crump BC. Recreational swimmers' exposure to Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 74:99-105. [PMID: 25454225 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus are ubiquitous in the marine-estuarine environment, but the magnitude of human non-ingestion exposure to these waterborne pathogens is largely unknown. We evaluated the magnitude of dermal exposure to V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus among swimmers recreating in Vibrio-populated waters by conducting swim studies at four swimming locations in the Chesapeake Bay in 2009 and 2011. Volunteers (n=31) swam for set time periods, and surface water (n=25) and handwash (n=250) samples were collected. Samples were analyzed for Vibrio concentrations using quantitative PCR. Linear and logistic regressions were used to evaluate factors associated with recreational exposures. Mean surface water V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus concentrations were 1128CFUmL(-1) (95% confidence interval (CI): 665.6, 1591.4) and 18CFUmL(-1) (95% CI: 9.8, 26.1), respectively, across all sampling locations. Mean Vibrio concentrations in handwash samples (V. vulnificus, 180CFUcm(-2) (95% CI: 136.6, 222.5); V. parahaemolyticus, 3CFUcm(-2) (95% CI: 2.4, 3.7)) were significantly associated with Vibrio concentrations in surface water (V. vulnificus, p<0.01; V. parahaemolyticus, p<0.01), but not with salinity or temperature (V. vulnificus, p=0.52, p=0.17; V. parahaemolyticus, p=0.82, p=0.06). Handwashing reduced V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus on subjects' hands by approximately one log (93.9%, 89.4%, respectively). It can be concluded that when Chesapeake Bay surface waters are characterized by elevated concentrations of Vibrio, swimmers and individuals working in those waters could experience significant dermal exposures to V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus, increasing their risk of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi S Shaw
- University of Maryland, Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, PO Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21601, USA; University of Maryland, School of Public Health, Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, 2234P SPH Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- University of Maryland, School of Public Health, Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, 2234P SPH Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - John M Jacobs
- National Ocean Service (NOS), National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS), Cooperative Oxford Laboratory (COL), 904 S. Morris Street, Oxford, MD 21654, USA
| | - Xin He
- University of Maryland, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, 2234H SPH Building, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Byron C Crump
- University of Maryland, Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, PO Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21601, USA; Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, 104 CEOAS Administration Building, Corvallis, OR, USA
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30
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Erler R, Wichels A, Heinemeyer EA, Hauk G, Hippelein M, Reyes NT, Gerdts G. VibrioBase: A MALDI-TOF MS database for fast identification of Vibrio spp. that are potentially pathogenic in humans. Syst Appl Microbiol 2014; 38:16-25. [PMID: 25466918 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mesophilic marine bacteria of the family Vibrionaceae, specifically V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus, are considered to cause severe illness in humans. Due to climate-change-driven temperature increases, higher Vibrio abundances and infections are predicted for Northern Europe, which in turn necessitates environmental surveillance programs to evaluate this risk. We propose that whole-cell matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling is a promising tool for the fast and reliable species classification of environmental isolates. Because the reference database does not contain sufficient Vibrio spectra we generated the VibrioBase database in this study. Mass spectrometric data were generated from 997 largely environmental strains and filed in this new database. MALDI-TOF MS clusters were assigned based on the species classification obtained by analysis of partial rpoB (RNA polymerase beta-subunit) sequences. The affiliation of strains to species-specific clusters was consistent in 97% of all cases using both approaches, and the extended VibrioBase generated more specific species identifications with higher matching scores compared to the commercially available database. Therefore, we have made the VibrioBase database freely accessible, which paves the way for detailed risk assessment studies of potentially pathogenic Vibrio spp. from marine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Erler
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany.
| | - Antje Wichels
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
| | - Ernst-August Heinemeyer
- Governmental Institute of Public Health of Lower Saxony, Lüchtenburger Weg 24, 26603 Aurich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Hauk
- Regional Office for Health and Social Affairs of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Gertrudenstraße 11, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Hippelein
- University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Central Facility: Medical Investigation Office and Hygiene, Brunswiker Straße 4, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nadja Torres Reyes
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Gunnar Gerdts
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Kurpromenade 201, 27498 Helgoland, Germany
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Baumeister L, Hochman ME, Schwarz JR, Brinkmeyer R. Occurrence of Vibrio vulnificus and toxigenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus on sea catfishes from Galveston Bay, Texas. J Food Prot 2014; 77:1784-6. [PMID: 25285498 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-14-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dorsal and pectoral fin spines from two species of sea catfishes (Bagre marinus and Ariopsis felis) landed at 54 sites in Galveston Bay, Texas, and its sub-bays from June to October 2005 were screened with traditional cultivation-based assays and quantitative PCR assays for Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. V. vulnificus was present on 51.2% of fish (n = 247), with an average of 403 ± 337 SD cells g(-1). V. parahaemolyticus was present on 94.2% (n = 247); 12.8% tested positive for the virulence-conferring tdh gene, having an average 2,039 ± 2,171 SD cells g(-1). The increasing trend in seafood consumption of "trash fishes" from lower trophic levels, such as sea catfishes, warrants evaluation of their life histories for association with pathogens of concern for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Baumeister
- Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University, Galveston Campus, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, Texas 77553, USA
| | - Mona E Hochman
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, Galveston Campus, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, Texas 77553, USA
| | - John R Schwarz
- Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University, Galveston Campus, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, Texas 77553, USA
| | - Robin Brinkmeyer
- Department of Marine Sciences, Texas A&M University, Galveston Campus, 200 Seawolf Parkway, Galveston, Texas 77553, USA.
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Cardinaud M, Barbou A, Capitaine C, Bidault A, Dujon AM, Moraga D, Paillard C. Vibrio harveyi adheres to and penetrates tissues of the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata within the first hours of contact. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6328-33. [PMID: 25107972 PMCID: PMC4178649 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01036-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio harveyi is a marine bacterial pathogen responsible for episodic epidemics generally associated with massive mortalities in many marine organisms, including the European abalone Haliotis tuberculata. The aim of this study was to identify the portal of entry and the dynamics of infection of V. harveyi in the European abalone. The results indicate that the duration of contact between V. harveyi and the European abalone influences the mortality rate and precocity. Immediately after contact, the epithelial and mucosal area situated between the gills and the hypobranchial gland was colonized by V. harveyi. Real-time PCR analyses and culture quantification of a green fluorescent protein-tagged strain of V. harveyi in abalone tissues revealed a high density of bacteria adhering to and then penetrating the whole gill-hypobranchial gland tissue after 1 h of contact. V. harveyi was also detected in the hemolymph of a significant number of European abalones after 3 h of contact. In conclusion, this article shows that a TaqMan real-time PCR assay is a powerful and useful technique for the detection of a marine pathogen such as V. harveyi in mollusk tissue and for the study of its infection dynamics. Thus, we have revealed that the adhesion and then the penetration of V. harveyi in European abalone organs begin in the first hours of contact. We also hypothesize that the portal of entry of V. harveyi in the European abalone is the area situated between the gills and the hypobranchial gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Cardinaud
- UMR 6539-Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France
| | - Annaïck Barbou
- UMR 6539-Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France
| | - Carole Capitaine
- UMR 6539-Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France
| | - Adeline Bidault
- UMR 6539-Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France
| | - Antoine Marie Dujon
- UMR 6539-Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France
| | - Dario Moraga
- UMR 6539-Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France
| | - Christine Paillard
- UMR 6539-Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO), CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, Technopôle Brest Iroise, Plouzané, France
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Jacobs J, Rhodes M, Brown C, Hood R, Leight A, Long W, Wood R. Modeling and forecasting the distribution of Vibrio vulnificus
in Chesapeake Bay. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1312-27. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J.M. Jacobs
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; Cooperative Oxford Lab; Oxford MD USA
| | - M. Rhodes
- JHT Inc.; Contractor to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; Cooperative Oxford Lab; Oxford MD USA
| | - C.W. Brown
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Center for Satellite Applications and Research; College Park MD USA
| | - R.R. Hood
- Center for Environmental Science; Horn Point Laboratory; University of Maryland; Cambridge MD USA
| | - A. Leight
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; Cooperative Oxford Lab; Oxford MD USA
| | - W. Long
- Center for Environmental Science; Horn Point Laboratory; University of Maryland; Cambridge MD USA
- Marine Sciences Laboratory; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory; Sequim WA USA
| | - R. Wood
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; Cooperative Oxford Lab; Oxford MD USA
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Rodgers C, Parveen S, Chigbu P, Jacobs J, Rhodes M, Harter-Dennis J. Prevalence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus
, and Vibrio vulnificus
in blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus
), seawater and sediments of the Maryland Coastal Bays. J Appl Microbiol 2014; 117:1198-209. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Rodgers
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Resource Sciences; Food Science and Technology Ph.D. Program; University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Princess Anne MD USA
| | - S. Parveen
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Resource Sciences; Food Science and Technology Ph.D. Program; University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Princess Anne MD USA
| | - P. Chigbu
- Living Marine Resources Cooperative Science Center; Department of Natural Sciences; University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Princess Anne MD USA
| | - J. Jacobs
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Cooperative Oxford Laboratory; Oxford MD USA
| | - M. Rhodes
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Cooperative Oxford Laboratory; Oxford MD USA
| | - J. Harter-Dennis
- Department of Food, Agriculture and Resource Sciences; Food Science and Technology Ph.D. Program; University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Princess Anne MD USA
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Shaw KS, Jacobs JM, Crump BC. Impact of Hurricane Irene on Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus concentrations in surface water, sediment, and cultured oysters in the Chesapeake Bay, MD, USA. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:204. [PMID: 24847319 PMCID: PMC4019861 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine if a storm event (i.e., high winds, large volumes of precipitation) could alter concentrations of Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus in aquacultured oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and associated surface water and sediment, this study followed a sampling timeline before and after Hurricane Irene impacted the Chesapeake Bay estuary in late August 2011. Aquacultured oysters were sampled from two levels in the water column: surface (0.3 m) and near-bottom (just above the sediment). Concentrations of each Vibrio spp. and associated virulence genes were measured in oysters with a combination of real-time PCR and most probable number (MPN) enrichment methods, and in sediment and surface water with real-time PCR. While concentration shifts of each Vibrio species were apparent post-storm, statistical tests indicated no significant change in concentration for either Vibrio species by location (surface or near bottom oysters) or date sampled (oyster tissue, surface water, and sediment concentrations). V. vulnificus in oyster tissue was correlated with total suspended solids (r = 0.41, P = 0.04), and V. vulnificus in sediment was correlated with secchi depth (r = -0.93, P <0.01), salinity (r = -0.46, P = 0.02), tidal height (r = -0.45, P = 0.03), and surface water V. vulnificus (r = 0.98, P <0.01). V. parahaemolyticus in oyster tissue did not correlate with environmental measurements, but V. parahaemolyticus in sediment and surface water correlated with several measurements including secchi depth [r = -0.48, P = 0.02 (sediment); r = -0.97, P <0.01 (surface water)] and tidal height [r = -0.96, P <0.01 (sediment), r = -0.59, P <0.01 (surface water)]. The concentrations of Vibrio spp. were higher in oysters relative to other studies (average V. vulnificus 4 × 10(5) MPN g(-1), V. parahaemolyticus 1 × 10(5) MPN g(-1)), and virulence-associated genes were detected in most oyster samples. This study provides a first estimate of storm-related Vibrio density changes in oyster tissues, sediment, and surface water at an aquaculture facility in the Chesapeake Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi S. Shaw
- Horn Point Laboratory, Center for Environmental Science, University of MarylandCambridge, MD, USA
| | - John M. Jacobs
- Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean ServiceOxford, MD, USA
| | - Byron C. Crump
- Horn Point Laboratory, Center for Environmental Science, University of MarylandCambridge, MD, USA
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Oregon State UniversityCorvallis, OR, USA
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Shaw KS, Rosenberg Goldstein RE, He X, Jacobs JM, Crump BC, Sapkota AR. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus recovered from recreational and commercial areas of Chesapeake Bay and Maryland Coastal Bays. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89616. [PMID: 24586914 PMCID: PMC3934932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus in the estuarine-marine environment are of human health significance and may be increasing in pathogenicity and abundance. Vibrio illness originating from dermal contact with Vibrio laden waters or through ingestion of seafood originating from such waters can cause deleterious health effects, particularly if the strains involved are resistant to clinically important antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility among these pathogens. Surface-water samples were collected from three sites of recreational and commercial importance from July to September 2009. Samples were plated onto species-specific media and resulting V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus strains were confirmed using polymerase chain reaction assays and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the Sensititre® microbroth dilution system. Descriptive statistics, Friedman two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Vibrio vulnificus (n = 120) and V. parahaemolyticus (n = 77) were isolated from all sampling sites. Most isolates were susceptible to antibiotics recommended for treating Vibrio infections, although the majority of isolates expressed intermediate resistance to chloramphenicol (78% of V. vulnificus, 96% of V. parahaemolyticus). Vibrio parahaemolyticus also demonstrated resistance to penicillin (68%). Sampling location or month did not significantly impact V. parahaemolyticus resistance patterns, but V. vulnificus isolates from St. Martin's River had lower overall intermediate resistance than that of the other two sampling sites during the month of July (p = 0.0166). Antibiotics recommended to treat adult Vibrio infections were effective in suppressing bacterial growth, while some antibiotics recommended for pediatric treatment were not effective against some of the recovered isolates. To our knowledge, these are the first antimicrobial susceptibility data of V. vulnificus and V. parahaemolyticus recovered from the Chesapeake Bay. These data can serve as a baseline against which future studies can be compared to evaluate whether susceptibilities change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi S. Shaw
- Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland, Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Rachel E. Rosenberg Goldstein
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xin He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John M. Jacobs
- Cooperative Oxford Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Oxford, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Byron C. Crump
- Horn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland, Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, Maryland, United States of America
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Amy R. Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland, School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
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Application of a novel pathogenicity marker in a multiplex real-time PCR method to assess total and pathogenic Vibrio vulnificus in food and environmental samples. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Froelich BA, Weiss MJ, Noble RT. The evaluation of four recent culture-based methods for the isolation and enumeration of Vibrio vulnificus bacteria from oyster meat. J Microbiol Methods 2013; 97:1-5. [PMID: 24355773 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The most common cause of seafood-borne death in the United States is the bacterium Vibrio vulnificus which can be concentrated into high numbers in the tissues of oysters or other shellfish. The ability to quickly, accurately, and inexpensively isolate living strains of this organism from oyster tissues is crucial for effective research on this pathogen. In this report, we evaluate four methods for isolating and quantifying V. vulnificus from oyster tissues, the solid media CPC+ (a refined version of cellobiose-polymyxin B-colistin medium), CHROMagar Vibrio, VVX (Vibrio vulnificus X-gal), and a method termed "Triple plating". Up to 1225 presumptive isolates were detected by each method, and 335 were subjected to molecular typing. The selectivity and sensitivity of each method was examined and VVX was found to be the most accurate method, with each of the other methods being recommended for task-specific uses. CHROMagar Vibrio is recommended for ease of use and relative accuracy, CPC+ is best used to differentiate between clinically associated and environmental strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett A Froelich
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA.
| | - Mary Jo Weiss
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
| | - Rachel T Noble
- UNC-Chapel Hill, Institute of Marine Sciences, 3431 Arendell Street, Morehead City, NC 28557, USA
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40
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Development of TaqMan real-time PCR assays for monitoring Vibrio harveyi infection and a plasmid harbored by virulent strains in European abalone Haliotis tuberculata aquaculture. AQUACULTURE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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41
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Park JY, Jeon S, Kim JY, Park M, Kim S. Multiplex Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction Assays for Simultaneous Detection of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2013; 4:133-9. [PMID: 24159544 PMCID: PMC3787528 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives A multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method was developed for the identification of three Vibrio species: Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Vibrio vulnificus. Methods Specific primers and probes targeting the hlyA, tlh, and vvhA genes were selected and used for multiplex real-time PCR to confirm the identification of V. cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V. vulnificus, respectively. This method was applied to screen Vibrio species from environmental samples and combining it with a culture-based method, its effectiveness was evaluated in comparison with culture-based methods alone. Results Specific PCR fragments were obtained from isolates belonging to the target species, indicating a high specificity of this multiplex real-time PCR. No cross-reactivity with the assay was observed between the tested bacteria. The sensitivity of the multiplex real-time PCR was found to have a lower limit of 104 colony-forming units/reaction for all three Vibrio species. The combination strategy raised the isolation ratio of all three Vibrio species 1.26- to 2.75-fold. Conclusion This assay provides a rapid, sensitive, and specific technique to detect these three Vibrio species in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yeun Park
- Division of Enteric Bacterial Infections, Korea National Institute of Health, Osong, Korea
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Gangwar M, Waters AM, Bej GA, Bej AK, Mojib N. Detection of Salmonella in Shellfish Using SYBR Green™ I-Based Real-Time Multiplexed PCR Assay Targeting invA and spvB. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Franco SLM, Swenson GJ, Long RA. Year round patchiness of Vibrio vulnificus within a temperate Texas bay. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 112:593-604. [PMID: 22212214 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05229.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate with high geographical resolution the small-scale spatial and temporal distribution of the pathogen Vibrio vulnificus throughout the water column in a temperate Texas bay where numerous V. vulnificus infections had been reported by the regional media the previous summer. METHODS AND RESULTS Surface and bottom water samples were collected from 19 sites between April 2005 and October 2006 from Matagorda Bay, TX. Physicochemical parameters were measured and V. vulnificus were analysed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) as a means of overcoming constraints of traditional culturing techniques. V. vulnificus was detected through out the year, although its temporal and spatial distribution was patchy. V. vulnificus abundances at individual sites ranged from <10 to >1·1×10(3)cellsml(-1) . No statistically reliable predictive model related to the physicochemical parameters could be developed for this pathogen. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that year round detection of V. vulnificus while likely in the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state during the winter months and emphasizes why physicochemical factors are insufficient metrics for robust regression modelling of this pathogen. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provides an effective new tool, Q-PCR, to study environmental distribution of V. vulnificus and that in the light of the patchy distribution observed, new reliable approaches and a mechanistic understanding of pathogen ecology need to be considered to effectively model the aquatic distribution of V. vulnificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L M Franco
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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Jones JL, Hara-Kudo Y, Krantz JA, Benner RA, Smith AB, Dambaugh TR, Bowers JC, Depaola A. Comparison of molecular detection methods for Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus. Food Microbiol 2011; 30:105-11. [PMID: 22265290 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic vibrios are a global concern for seafood safety and many molecular methods have been developed for their detection. This study compares several molecular methods for detection of total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus, in MPN enrichments from oysters and fish intestine samples. This study employed the DuPont Qualicon BAX® System Real-Time PCR assay for detection of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus. Multiplex real-time PCR detection of total (tlh+), tdh+, and trh+V. parahaemolyticus was conducted on the Cepheid SmartCycler II. Total (rpoD) and tdh+V. parahaemolyticus were also detected using LAMP. V. vulnificus detection was performed using real-time PCR methods developed for the SmartCycler and the AB 7500 Fast. Recommended template preparations were compared to BAX® lysis samples for suitability. There was no significant difference in detection of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus using the BAX® or SmartCycler assays. The AB assay showed no difference from other methods in detection of V. vulnificus unless boiled templates were utilized. There was a significant difference in detection of tdh+V. parahaemolyticus between SmartCycler and LAMP assays unless the total (tlh+) V. parahaemolyticus gene target was omitted from the SmartCycler assay; a similar trend was observed for trh+V. parahaemolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L Jones
- Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Division of Seafood Science and Technology, FDA, 1 Iberville Drive, Dauphin Island, AL 36528, USA.
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Abstract
Coral disease has emerged over recent decades as a significant threat to coral reef ecosystems, with declines in coral cover and diversity of Caribbean reefs providing an example of the potential impacts of disease at regional scales. If similar trends are to be mitigated or avoided on reefs worldwide, a deeper understanding of the factors underlying the origin and spread of coral diseases and the steps that can be taken to prevent, control, or reduce their impacts is required. In recent years, an increased focus on coral microbiology and the application of classic culture techniques and emerging molecular technologies has revealed several coral pathogens that could serve as targets for novel coral disease diagnostic tools. The ability to detect and quantify microbial agents identified as indicators of coral disease will aid in the elucidation of disease causation and facilitate coral disease detection and diagnosis, pathogen monitoring in individuals and ecosystems, and identification of pathogen sources, vectors, and reservoirs. This information will advance the field of coral disease research and contribute knowledge necessary for effective coral reef management. This paper establishes the need for sensitive and specific molecular-based coral pathogen detection, outlines the emerging technologies that could serve as the basis of a new generation of coral disease diagnostic assays, and addresses the unique challenges inherent to the application of these techniques to environmentally derived coral samples.
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Comparison of the effects of environmental parameters on growth rates of Vibrio vulnificus biotypes I, II, and III by culture and quantitative PCR analysis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:4200-7. [PMID: 21515718 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00135-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a natural inhabitant of estuarine waters. The three known biotypes include (i) most human pathogens, (ii) primarily eel pathogens, and (iii) pathogens associated with fish and with human wound infections in Israel. Despite the frequently lethal consequences of V. vulnificus infections, the growth rates of the various biotypes and their response to environmental changes are not well characterized. We compared the specific growth rates (μ) of a representative of each biotype by culture and quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis in a defined medium under varied pH, temperature, and salinity. Growth rates based on culturable concentrations were always higher than those based on qPCR estimates; however, both enumeration methods yielded comparable results on the influence of environmental factors on growth rates. Temperature (25°C, 30°C, 37°C), pH (7.0, 8.0), and salinity (5 to 40‰) all had significant effects on the μ of each biotype. Temperature had the greatest effect on the μ of biotype 1 (CMCP6), whereas salinity had the greatest effect on the μ of biotypes 2 (ATCC 33147) and 3 (302/99). The biotypes' growth rates varied significantly; biotype 1 grew most rapidly, while biotype 3 grew most slowly. The highest growth rates were achieved at 37°C, pH 7.0, and salinities of 15 to 30‰ (μ = 4.0, 2.9, and 2.4 generations h(-1) for biotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Other strains of the biotypes yielded comparable results, suggesting that the physiological responses of the biotypes are differentially affected by parameters that are highly variable both in estuarine environments and between the free-living and pathogen states of V. vulnificus.
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Wang Z, Pacchione SJ, Niu Z, Troilo PJ, Griffiths TG, Striano KL, Lebron JA, Wolf JJ. A multi-species assay for siRNA-mediated mRNA knockdown analysis without the need for RNA purification. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2011; 63:174-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2010.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Detecting potentially virulent Vibrio vulnificus strains in raw oysters by quantitative loop-mediated isothermal amplification. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:2589-95. [PMID: 21357428 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02992-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio vulnificus is a leading cause of seafood-related deaths in the United States. Sequence variations in the virulence-correlated gene (vcg) have been used to distinguish between clinical and environmental V. vulnificus strains, with a strong association between clinical ones and the C sequence variant (vcgC). In this study, vcgC was selected as the target to design a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid, sensitive, specific, and quantitative detection of potentially virulent V. vulnificus strains in raw oysters. No false-positive or false-negative results were generated among the 125 bacterial strains used to evaluate assay specificity. The detection limit was 5.4 CFU per reaction for a virulent V. vulnificus strain (ATCC 33815) in pure culture, 100-fold more sensitive than that of PCR. In spiked raw oysters, the assay was capable of detecting 2.5 × 10(3) CFU/g of V. vulnificus ATCC 33815, while showing negative results for a nonvirulent V. vulnificus strain (515-4c2) spiked at 10(7) CFU/g. After 6 h of enrichment, the LAMP assay could detect 1 CFU/g of the virulent V. vulnificus strain ATCC 33815. Standard curves generated in pure culture and spiked oysters suggested a good linear relationship between cell numbers of the virulent V. vulnificus strain and turbidity signals. In conclusion, the LAMP assay developed in this study could quantitatively detect potentially virulent V. vulnificus in raw oysters with high speed, specificity, and sensitivity, which may facilitate better control of V. vulnificus risks associated with raw oyster consumption.
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Quiñones-Ramírez EI, Bonifacio IN, Betancourt-Rule M, Ramirez-Vives F, Vázquez-Salinas C. Putative virulence factors identified in Vibrio vulnificus strains isolated from oysters and seawater in Mexico. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2010; 20:395-405. [PMID: 21161801 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2010.491856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence of Vibrio vulnificus was analyzed in oyster and estuarine water samples from Mexico by PCR amplification of the vvhA gene and some putative virulence factors were tested. Samples were collected from 12 different sampling points over a one-year period; 31% samples were positive for V. vulnificus and all isolates were identified as biotype 1. All strains were cytotoxic and proteolytic, 98% showed adherence to epithelial cells, 91.4% were DNase-positive, 77.6% were mucinase-positive, 97.8% were lecithinase-positive and 79.8% were lipase positive. Regarding colony morphology, 51% strains were opaque, 20% were translucid, 28% were both opaque and translucid, and 80.8% showed a capsule. This is the first report on the isolation of V. vulnificus strains from environmental samples in Mexico, which may pose a health risk for local fisherman and seafood consumers.
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Han F, Ge B. Multiplex PCR assays for simultaneous detection and characterization of Vibrio vulnificus strains. Lett Appl Microbiol 2010; 51:234-40. [PMID: 20586937 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2010.02887.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Vibrio vulnificus is a major cause of seafood-related deaths in the United States. Several biomarkers, e.g. the virulence-correlated gene (vcg), 16S rRNA, and the capsular polysaccharide operon (CPS) have been used to differentiate virulent- from nonvirulent-type V. vulnificus strains. In this study, we combined the use of these biomarkers with a species-specific V. vulnificus cytolysin/haemolysin gene (vvhA) to develop two pairs of multiplex PCR assays that simultaneously detect and characterize V. vulnificus strains. METHODS AND RESULTS The first multiplex PCR pair amplified four genes (vvhA, vcg, 16S rRNA, and CPS), with one for virulent-type and the other one for nonvirulent-type V. vulnificus strains, while the second pair targeted three of those genes excluding CPS. Primer concentration and annealing temperature were optimized for the four multiplex PCR assays. When testing ten V. vulnificus reference strains and 80 field oyster isolates, results from each multiplex PCR matched 100% with known strain characteristics for these target genes. CONCLUSIONS The optimized multiplex PCR assays were capable of simultaneously detecting and characterizing V. vulnificus with high specificity and speed. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Multiplex PCR assays designed in this study are valuable tools for microbial ecology and epidemiology studies. They may facilitate better control of V. vulnificus risks in oysters, thereby reducing the number of illnesses and deaths because of V. vulnificus in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Han
- Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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