1
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Lo HH, Chang HC, Wu YJ, Liao CT, Hsiao YM. Functional characterization and transcriptional analysis of degQ of Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:e2300441. [PMID: 38470163 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
High-temperature-requirement protein A (HtrA) family proteins play important roles in controlling protein quality and are recognized as virulence factors in numerous animal and human bacterial pathogens. The role of HtrA family proteins in plant pathogens remains largely unexplored. Here, we investigated the HtrA family protein, DegQ, in the crucifer black rot pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris (Xcc). DegQ is essential for bacterial attachment and full virulence of Xcc. Moreover, the degQ mutant strain showed increased sensitivity to heat treatment and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Expressing the intact degQ gene in trans in the degQ mutant could reverse the observed phenotypic changes. In addition, we demonstrated that the DegQ protein exhibited chaperone-like activity. Transcriptional analysis displayed that degQ expression was induced under heat treatment. Our results contribute to understanding the function and expression of DegQ of Xcc for the first time and provide a novel perspective about HtrA family proteins in plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Hsia Lo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Ching Chang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jyun Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Tsai Liao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Min Hsiao
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
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2
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Gao M, Zuo J, Shen Y, Yuan S, Gao S, Wang Y, Wang Y, Yi L. Modeling Co-Infection by Streptococcus suis and Haemophilus parasuis Reveals Influences on Biofilm Formation and Host Response. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091511. [PMID: 37174548 PMCID: PMC10177019 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) and Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) are two primary pathogens currently affecting the porcine industry. They often cause encephalitis and arthritis. They also frequently co-infect in clinical settings. In the current study, we identified significant correlations between S. suis and H. parasuis. The results from CI versus RIR suggested that S. suis and H. parasuis were competitive in general. Compared to mono-species biofilm, the biomass, bio-volume, and thickness of mixed-species biofilms were significantly higher, which was confirmed using crystal violet staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Compared to mono-species biofilm, the viable bacteria in the mixed-species biofilms were significantly lower, which was confirmed using the enumeration of colony-forming units (CFU cm-2). The susceptibility of antibiotics in the co-culture decreased in the planktonic state. In contrast, biofilm state bacteria are significantly more difficult to eradicate with antibiotics than in a planktonic state. Whether in planktonic or biofilm state, the expression of virulence genes of S. suis and H. parasuis in mixed culture was very different from that in single culture. Subsequently, by establishing a mixed infection model in mice, we found that the colonization of the two pathogens in organs increased after mixed infection, and altered the host's inflammatory response. In summary, our results indicate that S. suis and H. parasuis compete when co-cultured in vitro. Surprisingly, S. suis and H. parasuis synergistically increased colonization capacity after co-infection in vivo. This study elucidated the interaction between S. suis and H. parasuis during single infections and co-infections. Future studies on bacterial disease control and antibiotic treatment should consider the interaction of mixed species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxia Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Jing Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yamin Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Shuji Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
| | - Li Yi
- Henan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Detection and Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Livestock and Poultry, Luoyang 471000, China
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China
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3
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A Regulatory SRNA Rli43 Is Involved in the Modulation of Biofilm Formation and Virulence in Listeria monocytogenes. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101137. [PMID: 36297193 PMCID: PMC9606912 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are a kind of regulatory molecule that can modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level, thereby involving alteration of the physiological characteristics of bacteria. However, the regulatory roles and mechanisms of most sRNAs remain unknown in Listeria monocytogenes(L. monocytogenes). To explore the regulatory roles of sRNA Rli43 in L. monocytogenes, the rli43 gene deletion strain LM-Δrli43 and complementation strain LM-Δrli43-rli43 were constructed to investigate the effects of Rli43 on responses to environmental stress, biofilm formation, and virulence, respectively. Additionally, Rli43-regulated target genes were identified using bioinformatic analysis tools and a bacterial dual plasmid reporter system based on E. coli. The results showed that the intracellular expression level of the rli43 gene was significantly upregulated compared with those under extracellular conditions. Compared with the parental and complementation strains, the environmental adaptation, motility, biofilm formation, adhesion, invasion, and intracellular survival of LM-Δrli43 were significantly reduced, respectively, whereas the LD50 of LM-Δrli43 was significantly elevated in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, the bacterial loads and pathological damages were alleviated, suggesting that sRNA Rli43 was involved in the modulation of the virulence of L. monocytogenes. It was confirmed that Rli43 may complementarily pair with the 5'-UTR (-47--55) of HtrA mRNA, thereby regulating the expression level of HtrA protein at the post-transcriptional level. These findings suggest that Rli43-mediated control was involved in the modulation of environmental adaptation, biofilm formation, and virulence in L. monocytogenes.
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4
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Zhang B, Jiang C, Cao H, Zeng W, Ren J, Hu Y, Li W, He Q. Transcriptome analysis of heat resistance regulated by quorum sensing system in Glaesserella parasuis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:968460. [PMID: 36033895 PMCID: PMC9403865 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.968460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of bacteria to resist heat shock allows them to adapt to different environments. In addition, heat shock resistance is known for their virulence. Our previous study showed that the AI-2/luxS quorum sensing system affects the growth characteristics, biofilm formation, and virulence of Glaesserella parasuis. The resistance of quorum sensing system deficient G. parasuis to heat shock was obviously weaker than that of wild type strain. However, the regulatory mechanism of this phenotype remains unclear. To illustrate the regulatory mechanism by which the quorum sensing system provides resistance to heat shock, the transcriptomes of wild type (GPS2), ΔluxS, and luxS complemented (C-luxS) strains were analyzed. Four hundred forty-four differentially expressed genes were identified in quorum sensing system deficient G. parasuis, which participated in multiple regulatory pathways. Furthermore, we found that G. parasuis regulates the expression of rseA, rpoE, rseB, degS, clpP, and htrA genes to resist heat shock via the quorum sensing system. We further confirmed that rseA and rpoE genes exerted an opposite regulatory effect on heat shock resistance. In conclusion, the findings of this study provide a novel insight into how the quorum sensing system affects the transcriptome of G. parasuis and regulates its heat shock resistance property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changsheng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingping Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaofang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qigai He,
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5
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Tang X, Yang Z, Dai K, Liu G, Chang YF, Tang X, Wang K, Zhang Y, Hu B, Cao S, Huang X, Yan Q, Wu R, Zhao Q, Du S, Lang Y, Han X, Huang Y, Wen X, Wen Y. The molecular diversity of transcriptional factor TfoX is a determinant in natural transformation in Glaesserella parasuis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:948633. [PMID: 35966685 PMCID: PMC9372613 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.948633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural transformation is a mechanism by which a particular bacterial species takes up foreign DNA and integrates it into its genome. The swine pathogen Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) is a naturally transformable bacterium. The regulation of competence, however, is not fully understood. In this study, the natural transformability of 99 strains was investigated. Only 44% of the strains were transformable under laboratory conditions. Through a high-resolution melting curve and phylogenetic analysis, we found that genetic differences in the core regulator of natural transformation, the tfoX gene, leads to two distinct natural transformation phenotypes. In the absence of the tfoX gene, the highly transformable strain SC1401 lost its natural transformability. In addition, when the SC1401 tfoX gene was replaced by the tfoX of SH0165, which has no natural transformability, competence was also lost. These results suggest that TfoX is a core regulator of natural transformation in G. parasuis, and that differences in tfoX can be used as a molecular indicator of natural transformability. Transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of the SC1401 wildtype strain, and a tfoX gene deletion strain showed that differential gene expression and protein synthesis is mainly centered on pathways related to glucose metabolism. The results suggest that tfoX may mediate natural transformation by regulating the metabolism of carbon sources. Our study provides evidence that tfoX plays an important role in the natural transformation of G. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Tang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Dai
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Geyan Liu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Xinwei Tang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bangdi Hu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Senyan Du
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Lang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yiping Wen,
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6
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Yan X, Dai K, Gu C, Yu Z, He M, Xiao W, Zhao M, He L. Deletion of two-component system QseBC weakened virulence of Glaesserella parasuis in a murine acute infection model and adhesion to host cells. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13648. [PMID: 35769141 PMCID: PMC9235811 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread two-component system (TCS), QseBC, involves vital virulence regulators in Enterobacteriaceae and Pasteurellaceae. Here we studied the function of QseBC in Glaesserella parasuis. A ΔqseBC mutant was constructed using a Glaesserella parasuis serovar 11 clinical strain SC1401 by natural transformation. Immunofluorescence was used to evaluate cellular adhesion, the levels of inflammation and apoptosis. The ability of ΔqseBC and ΔqseC mutant strains to adhere to PAM and MLE-12 cells was significantly reduced. Additionally, by focusing on the clinical signs, H&E, and IFA for inflammation and apoptosis, we found that the ΔqseBC mutant weakened virulence in the murine models. Together, these findings suggest that QseBC plays an important role in the virulence of Glaesserella parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Dai
- Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Congwei Gu
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zehui Yu
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Manli He
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | | | - Lvqin He
- Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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7
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He L, Yan X, Dai K, Wen X, Cao S, Huang X, Wu R, Zhao Q, Huang Y, Yan Q, Ma X, Han X, Wen Y. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals that deletion of CheY influences gene expressions of ABC transports and metabolism in Haemophilus parasuis. Funct Integr Genomics 2021; 21:695-707. [PMID: 34676472 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-021-00800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus (Glaesserella) parasuis is a commensal bacterium that causes Glässer's disease (GD) in swine. As a global transcriptional factor, CheY regulates the expression of hundreds of genes in H. parasuis. In this study, we measured changes in gene expression at the whole transcriptome level using RNAseq. We identified 2058 co-expressed genes, and found 624 differentially expressed genes (q < 0.05) in ΔcheY and SC1401. Several important GO annotations and signaling pathways were identified. RNA-seq results were assembled according to the reference genome, compared with the annotated gene model, and 12 new transcriptional regions were found. Finally, q-PCR results validated the RNA-seq results with 8 randomly selected genes. The present study indicated that CheY is mainly involved in the regulation of ABC transport, oxidative phosphorylation, and β-Lactam resistance. We draw the regulatory network of CheY, which offers greater insight into the regulatory mechanism of CheY in H.parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lvqin He
- Technology Department, Experimental Animal Center, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Yan
- Technology Department, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ke Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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8
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Cao Q, Wei W, Wang H, Wang Z, Lv Y, Dai M, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. Cleavage of E-cadherin by porcine respiratory bacterial pathogens facilitates airway epithelial barrier disruption and bacterial paracellular transmigration. Virulence 2021; 12:2296-2313. [PMID: 34482810 PMCID: PMC8425755 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1966996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells are the first line of defense against respiratory pathogens. Porcine bacterial pathogens, such as Bordetella bronchiseptica, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis, and Pasteurella multocida, breach this barrier to lead to local or systematic infections. Here, we demonstrated that respiratory bacterial pathogen infection disrupted the airway epithelial intercellular junction protein, E-cadherin, thus contributing to impaired epithelial cell integrity. E-cadherin knocking-out in newborn pig tracheal cells via CRISPR/Cas9 editing technology confirmed that E-cadherin was sufficient to suppress the paracellular transmigration of these porcine respiratory bacterial pathogens, including G. parasuis, A. pleuropneumoniae, P. multocida, and B. bronchiseptica. The E-cadherin ectodomain cleavage by these pathogens was probably attributed to bacterial HtrA/DegQ protease, but not host HtrA1, MMP7 and ADAM10, and the prominent proteolytic activity was further confirmed by a serine-to-alanine substitution mutation in the active center of HtrA/DegQ protein. Moreover, deletion of the htrA gene in G. parasuis led to severe defects in E-cadherin ectodomain cleavage, cell adherence and paracellular transmigration in vitro, as well as bacterial breaking through the tracheal epithelial cells, systemic invasion and dissemination in vivo. This common pathogenic mechanism shared by other porcine respiratory bacterial pathogens explains how these bacterial pathogens destroy the airway epithelial cell barriers and proliferate in respiratory mucosal surface or other systemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zesong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yujin Lv
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Menghong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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9
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Xu K, Zhao Q, Jiang HZ, Mou XR, Chang YF, Cao YQ, Miao C, Wu R, Wen YP, Huang XB, Yan QG, Du SY, Cao SJ. Molecular and functional characterization of HtrA protein in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 2021; 257:109058. [PMID: 33862332 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (A.pleuropneumoniae) causes serious economic loss for the swine industry. A high-temperature requirements A (HtrA)-like protease and its homologs have been reported to be involved in protein quality control and expression of important immunoprotective antigens in many pathogens. In this study, we showed that HtrA of A.pleuropneumoniae exhibited both chaperone and proteolytic activities. Moreover, Outer membrane protein P5 (OmpP5) in A.pleuropneumoniae and Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) in porcine lung tissues were first discovered and identified as specific proteolytic substrates for rHtrA. The maximum cleavage activity occurs at 50 ℃ in a time-dependent manner. In addition, rHtrA mainly induced IgG 2a subtype of IgG and Th1 (IFN-γ, IL-2) response in a mice model, and promoted a significant proliferation of spleen lymphocytes compare with negative control (P < 0.05). The survival rates of 37.5 % were observed against A.pleuropneumoniae strain. Together, these data demonstrate that rHtrA plays a multi-functional role in A.pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Xu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong-Ze Jiang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Ran Mou
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Yu-Qin Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chang Miao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi-Ping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi-Gui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sen-Yan Du
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - San-Jie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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10
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HtrA family proteases of bacterial pathogens: pros and cons for their therapeutic use. Clin Microbiol Infect 2021; 27:559-564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Arginine Decarboxylase Is Essential for Pneumococcal Stress Responses. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030286. [PMID: 33801541 PMCID: PMC7998104 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines such as putrescine, cadaverine, and spermidine are small cationic molecules that play significant roles in cellular processes, including bacterial stress responses and host–pathogen interactions. Streptococcus pneumoniae is an opportunistic human pathogen, which causes several diseases that account for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. As it transits through different host niches, S. pneumoniae is exposed to and must adapt to different types of stress in the host microenvironment. We earlier reported that S. pneumoniae TIGR4, which harbors an isogenic deletion of an arginine decarboxylase (ΔspeA), an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of agmatine in the polyamine synthesis pathway, has a reduced capsule. Here, we report the impact of arginine decarboxylase deletion on pneumococcal stress responses. Our results show that ΔspeA is more susceptible to oxidative, nitrosative, and acid stress compared to the wild-type strain. Gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR indicates that thiol peroxidase, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species and aguA from the arginine deiminase system, could be important for peroxide stress responses in a polyamine-dependent manner. Our results also show that speA is essential for endogenous hydrogen peroxide and glutathione production in S. pneumoniae. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the critical role of arginine decarboxylase in pneumococcal stress responses that could impact adaptation and survival in the host.
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12
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Dai K, Yang Z, Ma X, Chang YF, Cao S, Zhao Q, Huang X, Wu R, Huang Y, Xia J, Yan Q, Han X, Ma X, Wen X, Wen Y. Deletion of Polyamine Transport Protein PotD Exacerbates Virulence in Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis in the Form of Non-biofilm-generated Bacteria in a Murine Acute Infection Model. Virulence 2021; 12:520-546. [PMID: 33525975 PMCID: PMC7872090 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1878673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are small, polycationic molecules with a hydrocarbon backbone and multiple amino groups required for optimal cell growth. The potD gene, belonging to the ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transport system potABCD, encodes the bacterial substrate-binding subunit of the polyamine transport system, playing a pivotal role in bacterial metabolism and growth. The swine pathogen Glaesserella parasuis possesses an intact pot operon, and the studies presented here mainly examined the involvement of PotD in Glaesserella pathogenesis. A potD-deficient mutant was constructed using a virulent G. parasuis strain SC1401 by natural transformation; immuno-electron microscopy was used to identify the subcellular location of native PotD protein; an electron microscope was adopted to inspect biofilm and bacterial morphology; immunofluorescence technique was employed to study cellular adhesion, the levels of inflammation and apoptosis. The TSA++-pre-cultured mutant strain showed a significantly reduced adhesion capacity to PK-15 and MLE-12 cells. Likewise, we also found attenuation in virulence using murine models focusing on the clinical sign, H&E, and IFA for inflammation and apoptosis. However, when the mutant was grown in TSB++, virulence recovered to normal levels, along with a high level of radical oxygen species formation in the host. The expression of PotD could actively stimulate the production of ROS in Raw 264.7. Our data suggested that PotD from G. parasuis has a high binding potential to polyamine, and is essential for the full bacterial virulence within mouse models. However, the virulence of the potD mutant is highly dependent on its TSA++ culture conditions rather than on biofilm-formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Dai
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , NY, USA
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University , Chengdu, China
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13
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Cage-like polyhedrons of DegQ from Cytophaga hutchinsonii show stable proteolytic activity and strong chaperone activity. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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14
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Zarzecka U, Harrer A, Zawilak-Pawlik A, Skorko-Glonek J, Backert S. Chaperone activity of serine protease HtrA of Helicobacter pylori as a crucial survival factor under stress conditions. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:161. [PMID: 31796064 PMCID: PMC6892219 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serine protease HtrA exhibits both proteolytic and chaperone activities, which are involved in cellular protein quality control. Moreover, HtrA is an important virulence factor in many pathogens including Helicobacter pylori, for which the crucial stage of infection is the cleavage of E-cadherin and other cell-to-cell junction proteins. METHODS The in vitro study of H. pylori HtrA (HtrAHp) chaperone activity was carried out using light scattering assays and investigation of lysozyme protein aggregates. We produced H. pylori ∆htrA deletion and HtrAHp point mutants without proteolytic activity in strain N6 and investigated the survival of the bacteria under thermal, osmotic, acidic and general stress conditions as well as the presence of puromycin or metronidazole using serial dilution tests and disk diffusion method. The levels of cellular and secreted proteins were examined using biochemical fraction and Western blotting. We also studied the proteolytic activity of secreted HtrAHp using zymography and the enzymatic digestion of β-casein. Finally, the consequences of E-cadherin cleavage were determined by immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS We demonstrate that HtrAHp displays chaperone activity that inhibits the aggregation of lysozyme and is stable under various pH and temperature conditions. Next, we could show that N6 expressing only HtrA chaperone activity grow well under thermal, pH and osmotic stress conditions, and in the presence of puromycin or metronidazole. In contrast, in the absence of the entire htrA gene the bacterium was more sensitive to a number of stresses. Analysing the level of cellular and secreted proteins, we noted that H. pylori lacking the proteolytic activity of HtrA display reduced levels of secreted HtrA. Moreover, we compared the amounts of secreted HtrA from several clinical H. pylori strains and digestion of β-casein. We also demonstrated a significant effect of the HtrAHp variants during infection of human epithelial cells and for E-cadherin cleavage. CONCLUSION Here we identified the chaperone activity of the HtrAHp protein and have proven that this activity is important and sufficient for the survival of H. pylori under multiple stress conditions. We also pinpointed the importance of HtrAHp chaperone activity for E- cadherin degradation and therefore for the virulence of this eminent pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Zarzecka
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Aileen Harrer
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Zawilak-Pawlik
- Department of Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Skorko-Glonek
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Steffen Backert
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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15
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Effect of O antigen ligase gene mutation on oxidative stress resistance and pathogenicity of NMEC strain RS218. Microb Pathog 2019; 136:103656. [PMID: 31400443 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the primary causes of bacterial sepsis and meningitis in newborns. E. coli RS218, a prototype strain of neonatal meningitis E. coli (NMEC), is often used in research on the pathogenesis of NMEC. Phagocytes are crucial sentinels of immunity, and their antibacterial ability is largely determined by the capability to produce large amounts of ROS. The capacity of bacteria to endure oxidative pressure affects their colonization in the host. Here, we systematically screened the genes that plays key roles in the tolerance of the model of E. coli RS218 to peroxygen environment using a Tn5 mutant library. As a result, a gene encoding O antigen polymerase (O antigen ligase) that contains the Wzy_C superfamily domain (herein designated as Ocw) was identified in E. coli RS218. Furthermore, we constructed an isogenic deletion mutant of ocw gene and its complementary strain in E. coli. Our results revealed that ocw affects the lipopolysaccharide synthesis, ROS tolerance, and survival of E. coli in the host environment. The discovery of ocw provides important clues for better understanding the function of O-antigen.
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16
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Antenucci F, Magnowska Z, Nimtz M, Roesch C, Jänsch L, Bojesen AM. Immunoproteomic characterization of outer membrane vesicles from hyper-vesiculating Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 2019; 235:188-194. [PMID: 31383301 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are produced and secreted virtually by every known Gram-negative bacterium. Despite their non-live nature, they share antigenic characteristics with the bacteria they originate from. This, together with their relative ease of purification, casts the OMVs as a very promising and flexible tool in both human and veterinary vaccinology. The aim of the current work was to get an insight into the antigenic pattern of OMVs from the pig pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in the context of vaccine development. Accordingly, we designed a protocol combining 2D Western Blotting and mass spectrometric identification to robustly characterize the antigenic protein pattern of the vesicles. Our analysis revealed that A. pleuropneumoniae OMVs carry several immunoreactive virulence factors. Some of these proteins, LpoA, OsmY and MIDG2331_02184, have never previously been documented as antigenic in A. pleuropneumoniae or other pathogenic bacteria. Additionally, we showed that despite their relative abundance, proteins such as FrpB and DegQ do not contribute to the antigenic profile of A. pleuropneumoniae OMVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Antenucci
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frb. C., 1-20, Building: 301, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Zofia Magnowska
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frb. C., 1-20, Building: 301, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Camille Roesch
- Izon Science Ltd, Batiment Laennec, 60 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.
| | - Lothar Jänsch
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Anders Miki Bojesen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Stigbøjlen 4, 1870 Frb. C., 1-20, Building: 301, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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17
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Li Y, Cao S, Zhang L, Yuan J, Zhao Q, Wen Y, Wu R, Huang X, Yan Q, Huang Y, Ma X, Han X, Miao C, Wen X. A requirement of TolC1 for effective survival, colonization and pathogenicity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Microb Pathog 2019; 134:103596. [PMID: 31212036 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
To establish infection in the host, pathogens have evolved sophisticated systems to cope with environmental conditions and to protect cells against host immunity. TolC is the outer membrane channel component of type 1 secretion systems and multidrug efflux pumps that plays critical roles during the infection process in many pathogens. However, little is known about the exact roles of TolC1 in the pathogenicity of A. pleuropneumoniae, an etiological agent of the porcine contagious pleuropneumoniae that causes severe respiratory disease. In this study, deletion of tolC1 causes apparent ultrastructural defects in A. pleuropneumoniae cell examined by transmission electron microscopy. The tolC1 mutant is hypersensitivity to oxidative, osmotic and acid challenges by in vitro stress assays. Analysis on secreted proteins shows that the excretion of ApxIIA and an ApxIVA-like protein, ApxIVA-S, is abolished in the absence of TolC1. This result confirms the essential role of TolC1 in the secretion of Apx toxins and this is the first identification of an ApxIVA-like protein in in vitro culture of A. pleuropneumoniae. Besides, disruption of TolC1 leads to a significant attenuation of virulence in mice by an intraperitoneal route of A. pleuropneumoniae. The basis for the attenuation is further investigated using a mouse intranasal infection model, which reveals an impaired ability to colonize and induce lesions in the lungs for the loss of TolC1 of A. pleuropneumoniae. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate significant roles of TolC1 in facilitating bacterial survival in hostile conditions, maximum colonization as well as pathogenicity during the infection of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, No. 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Luhua Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, No. 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chang Miao
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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18
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Zhang Z, Wu T, Li Y, Bai X, Yan X, Gao Y, Shi Q, Zhu G. Contribution of the serine protease HtrA in Escherichia coli to infection in foxes. Microb Pathog 2019; 135:103570. [PMID: 31158492 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli can cause severe, acute hemorrhagic pneumonia and systemic infection in farmed foxes, raccoon dogs and minks, leading to considerable economic losses to the farmers. It is well established that the htrA-encoded serine protease HtrA is critical for bacterial growth and survival under stress, and HtrA has been determined to be a potential vaccine target. However, the roles of HtrA in E. coli pathogenesis remain unknown. In this study, we generated an htrA-deletion mutant of the E. coli protype strain HBCLE-12 that causes pneumonia in silver foxes and then evaluated the changes in bacterial physiological characteristics in the absence of HtrA. The data show that knockout of the htrA gene did not affect growth and biochemical characteristics but led to impaired virulence of the strain. Increased susceptibility to environmental stresses, impaired survival in serum, and reduced biofilm formation may contribute to the virulence attenuation of the mutant. Furthermore, the HtrA-deficient mutant was subjected to RNA-seq analysis, and 16 differentially expressed genes were determined. This study provided insight that HtrA plays a definitive role in E. coli-induced infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Changli, Hebei, 066600, China
| | - Tonglei Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Changli, Hebei, 066600, China
| | - Yonghui Li
- The Second Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Changli, Hebei, 066600, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Xijun Yan
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130112, China
| | - Yunhang Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agriculture University, China
| | - Qiumei Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Normal University of Science &Technology, Changli, Hebei, 066600, China.
| | - Guoqiang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Dai K, Yang Z, Chang YF, He L, Cao S, Zhao Q, Huang X, Wu R, Huang Y, Yan Q, Han X, Ma X, Wen X, Wen Y. Construction of targeted and integrative promoter-reporter plasmids pDK-K and pDK-G to measure gene expression activity in Haemophilus parasuis. Microb Pathog 2019; 134:103565. [PMID: 31158493 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) is rather difficult to manipulate genetically due to the diversity of restriction-modification systems and other mechanisms harbored by various isolates. This prevents exogenous plasmids from replicating in this species and hinders research efforts focused on transcriptional regulators in this bacterium. In this study, we generated a convenient promoter reporter system based on gene knock-in method using natural transformation in H. parasuis. Gene knock-in has proven useful as a powerful tool facilitating identification and studying the transcription activities of regulators under a variety of conditions that favor gene transcription or expression from an incorporated promoter. The vectors, pDK-K and pDK-G, carrying promoterless reporter lacZ gene and two homologous sequences flanking a knock-in site, may have some advantages over the extensively used plasmid-bearing reporter system in other bacteria in stability and ease of genetic manipulation in H. parasuis. The knock-in site was positioned at a site occupied by flanking genes that were both hypothetical and had the same transcription orientation, thus the expression of the reversely cloned promoter-lacZ fusion wouldn't be affected by the upstream promoter on the chromosome. The expression activity of lacZ gene under the transcriptional activation of a 300 bp promoter-proximal segment of cyaA, crp or comA genes in H. parasuis was separately validated using X-gal and o-nitrophenyl-β-d-galactoside(ONPG) as substrates. The derivatives harboring promoter-lacZ fusion segments showed significantly higher β-galactosidase activity levels than the promoterlessones both in TSB++ broth and on TSA++ plate as screened either by X-gal method or the standard Miller method. We also used pDK vector to further certify that the cyaA promoter is inducible and whose transcriptional levels were in correlation with the growth kinetics of the bacteria in TSB++. With this system, gene knock-in method based on natural transformation in H. parasuis proved to be useful in identifying transcriptional regulation of a certain promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Lvqin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
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20
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Zhang B, Ku X, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Chen G, Chen F, Zeng W, Li J, Zhu L, He Q. The AI-2/ luxS Quorum Sensing System Affects the Growth Characteristics, Biofilm Formation, and Virulence of Haemophilus parasuis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:62. [PMID: 30941317 PMCID: PMC6434701 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) is a kind of opportunistic pathogen of the upper respiratory tract of piglets. Under certain circumstances, virulent strains can breach the mucosal barrier and enter the bloodstream, causing severe Glässer's disease. Many virulence factors are found to be related to the pathogenicity of H. parasuis strain, but the pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. LuxS/AI-2, as a kind of very important quorum sensing system, affects the growth characteristics, biofilm formation, antibiotic production, virulence, and metabolism of different strains. In order to investigate the effect of luxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system on the virulence of H. parasuis, a deletion mutant strain (ΔluxS) and complemented strain (C-luxS) were constructed and characterized. The results showed that the luxS gene participated in regulating and controlling stress resistance, biofilm formation and virulence. Compared with wild-type strain, ΔluxS strain decreased the production of AI-2 molecules and the tolerance toward oxidative stress and heat shock, and it reduced the abilities of autoagglutination, hemagglutination, and adherence, whereas it increased the abilities to form biofilm in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that ΔluxS strain attenuated its virulence about 10-folds and significantly decreased its tissue burden of bacteria in mice, compared with the wild-type strain. Taken together, the luxS/AI-2 quorum sensing system in H. parasuis not only plays an important role in growth and biofilm formation, but also affects the pathogenicity of H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xugang Ku
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Guo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fangzhou Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qigai He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Fu S, Guo J, Li R, Qiu Y, Ye C, Liu Y, Wu Z, Guo L, Hou Y, Hu CAA. Transcriptional Profiling of Host Cell Responses to Virulent Haemophilus parasuis: New Insights into Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051320. [PMID: 29710817 PMCID: PMC5983834 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glässer’s disease in pigs. H. parasuis can cause vascular damage, although the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the host cell responses involved in the molecular pathway interactions in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells (PAVECs) induced by H. parasuis using RNA-Seq. The transcriptome results showed that when PAVECs were infected with H. parasuis for 24 h, 281 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified; of which, 236 were upregulated and 45 downregulated. The 281 DEGs were involved in 136 KEGG signaling pathways that were organismal systems, environmental information processing, metabolism, cellular processes, and genetic information processing. The main pathways were the Rap1, FoxO, and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and the overexpressed genes were determined and verified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In addition, 252 genes were clustered into biological processes, molecular processes, and cellular components. Our study provides new insights for understanding the interaction between bacterial and host cells, and analyzed, in detail, the possible mechanisms that lead to vascular damage induced by H. parasuis. This may lead to development of novel therapeutic targets to control H. parasuis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Jing Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Ruizhi Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Ling Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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22
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Fu S, Liu H, Chen X, Qiu Y, Ye C, Liu Y, Wu Z, Guo L, Hou Y, Hu CAA. Baicalin Inhibits Haemophilus Parasuis-Induced High-Mobility Group Box 1 Release during Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051307. [PMID: 29702580 PMCID: PMC5983759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis (H. parasuis) can cause Glässer’s disease in pigs. However, the molecular mechanism of the inflammation response induced by H. parasuis remains unclear. The high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is related to the pathogenesis of various infectious pathogens, but little is known about whether H. parasuis can induce the release of HMGB1 in piglet peripheral blood monocytes. Baicalin displays important anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activities. In the present study, we investigated whether H. parasuis can trigger the secretion of HMGB1 in piglet peripheral blood monocytes and the anti-inflammatory effect of baicalin on the production of HMGB1 in peripheral blood monocytes induced by H. parasuis during the inflammation response. In addition, host cell responses stimulated by H. parasuis were determined with RNA-Seq. The RNA-Seq results showed that H. parasuis infection provokes the expression of cytokines and the activation of numerous pathways. In addition, baicalin significantly reduced the release of HMGB1 in peripheral blood monocytes induced by H. parasuis. Taken together, our study showed that H. parasuis can induce the release of HMGB1 and baicalin can inhibit HMGB1 secretion in an H. parasuis-induced peripheral blood monocytes model, which may provide a new strategy for preventing the inflammatory disorders induced by H. parasuis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Fu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Huashan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yinsheng Qiu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chun Ye
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Zhongyuan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Ling Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Yongqing Hou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan 430023, China.
| | - Chien-An Andy Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China.
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
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23
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Dai K, He L, Chang YF, Cao S, Zhao Q, Huang X, Wu R, Huang Y, Yan Q, Han X, Ma X, Wen X, Wen Y. Basic Characterization of Natural Transformation in a Highly Transformable Haemophilus parasuis Strain SC1401. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:32. [PMID: 29473023 PMCID: PMC5809987 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis causes Glässer's disease and pneumonia, incurring serious economic losses in the porcine industry. In this study, natural competence was investigated in H. parasuis. We found competence genes in H. parasuis homologous to ones in Haemophilus influenzae and a high consensus battery of Sxy-dependent cyclic AMP (cAMP) receptor protein (CRP-S) regulons using bioinformatics. High rates of natural competence were found from the onset of stationary-phase growth condition to mid-stationary phase (OD600 from 0.29 to 1.735); this rapidly dropped off as cells reached mid-stationary phase (OD600 from 1.735 to 1.625). As a whole, bacteria cultured in liquid media were observed to have lower competence levels than those grown on solid media plates. We also revealed that natural transformation in this species is stable after 200 passages and is largely dependent on DNA concentration. Transformation competition experiments showed that heterogeneous DNA cannot outcompete intraspecific natural transformation, suggesting an endogenous uptake sequence or other molecular markers may be important in differentiating heterogeneous DNA. We performed qRT-PCR targeting multiple putative competence genes in an effort to compare bacteria pre-cultured in TSB++ vs. TSA++ and SC1401 vs. SH0165 to determine expression profiles of the homologs of competence-genes in H. influenzae. Taken together, this study is the first to investigate natural transformation in H. parasuis based on a highly naturally transformable strain SC1401.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Dai
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lvqin He
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Science-Observation Experimental Station of Veterinary Drugs and Veterinary Diagnostic Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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24
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Dai K, Wen X, Chang YF, Cao S, Zhao Q, Huang X, Wu R, Huang Y, Yan Q, Han X, Ma X, Wen Y. A streptomycin resistance marker in H. parasuis based on site-directed mutations in rpsL gene to perform unmarked in-frame mutations and to verify natural transformation. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4253. [PMID: 29340249 PMCID: PMC5767333 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemophilus parasuis is a member of the family Pasteurellaceae and a major causative agent of Glässer’s disease. This bacterium is normally a benign swine commensal but may become a deadly pathogen upon penetration into multiple tissues, contributing to severe lesions in swine. We have established a successive natural transformation-based markerless mutation system in this species. However, the two-step mutation system requires screening of natural competent cells, and cannot delete genes which regulate natural competence per se. In this study, we successfully obtained streptomycin-resistant derivatives from H. parasuis wild type strain SC1401 by using ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS, CH3SO2OC2H5). Upon sequencing and site-directed mutations, we uncovered that the EMS-induced point mutation in rpsL at codon 43rd (AAA → AGA; K43R) or at 88th (AAA → AGA; K88R) confers a much higher streptomycin resistance than clinical isolates. We have applied the streptomycin resistance marker as a positive selection marker to perform homologous recombination through conjugation and successfully generated a double unmarked in-frame targeted mutant 1401D88△tfox△arcA. Combined with a natural transformation-based knockout system and this genetic technique, multiple deletion mutants or attenuated strains of H. parasuis can be easily constructed. Moreover, the mutant genetic marker rpsL and streptomycin resistant phenotypes can serve as an effective tool to select naturally competent strains, and to verify natural transformation quantitatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Sanjie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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25
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Zarzecka U, Modrak-Wojcik A, Bayassi M, Szewczyk M, Gieldon A, Lesner A, Koper T, Bzowska A, Sanguinetti M, Backert S, Lipinska B, Skorko-Glonek J. Biochemical properties of the HtrA homolog from bacterium Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:992-1005. [PMID: 29155201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The HtrA proteins due to their proteolytic, and in many cases chaperone activity, efficiently counteract consequences of stressful conditions. In the environmental bacterium and nosocomial pathogen Stenotrophomonas maltophilia HtrA (HtrASm) is induced as a part of adaptive response to host temperature (37°C). We examined the biochemical properties of HtrASm and compared them with those of model HtrAEc from Escherichia coli. We found that HtrASm is a protease and chaperone that operates over a wide range of pH and is highly active at temperatures between 35 and 37°C. The temperature-sensitive activity corresponded well with the lower thermal stability of the protein and weaker stability of the oligomer. Interestingly, the enzyme shows slightly different substrate cleavage specificity when compared to other bacterial HtrAs. A computational model of the three-dimensional structure of HtrASm indicates differences in the S1 substrate specificity pocket and suggests weaker inter-trimer interactions when compared to HtrAEc. The observed features of HtrASm suggest that this protein may play a protective role under stressful conditions acting both as a protease and a chaperone. The optimal temperatures for the protein activity may reflect the evolutionary adaptation of S. maltophilia to life in soil or aqueous environments, where the temperatures are usually much below 37°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Zarzecka
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Anna Modrak-Wojcik
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Martyna Bayassi
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Maciej Szewczyk
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Artur Gieldon
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-952, Poland
| | - Adam Lesner
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-952, Poland
| | - Tomasz Koper
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bzowska
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw 02-089, Poland
| | - Maurizio Sanguinetti
- Institute of Microbiology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Steffen Backert
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Barbara Lipinska
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland
| | - Joanna Skorko-Glonek
- Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, Gdansk 80-308, Poland.
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26
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Li Y, Cao S, Zhang L, Yuan J, Yang Y, Zhu Z, Wen Y, Wu R, Zhao Q, Huang X, Yan Q, Huang Y, Ma X, Wen X. TolC2 is required for the resistance, colonization and virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:1170-1176. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Luhua Zhang
- College of Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, No. 319 Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhuang Zhu
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
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27
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Polyamine-binding protein PotD2 is required for stress tolerance and virulence in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 110:1647-1657. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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28
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Wessler S, Schneider G, Backert S. Bacterial serine protease HtrA as a promising new target for antimicrobial therapy? Cell Commun Signal 2017; 15:4. [PMID: 28069057 PMCID: PMC5223389 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-017-0162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that the bacterial chaperone and serine protease high temperature requirement A (HtrA) is closely associated with the establishment and progression of several infectious diseases. HtrA activity enhances bacterial survival under stress conditions, but also has direct effects on functions of the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin and extracellular matrix proteins, including fibronectin and proteoglycans. Although HtrA cannot be considered as a pathogenic factor per se, it exhibits favorable characteristics making HtrA a potentially attractive drug target to combat various bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silja Wessler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Microbiology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, Billroth Str. 11, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Gisbert Schneider
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Backert
- Division of Microbiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Staudtstr. 5, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
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29
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Li Y, Cao S, Zhang L, Lau GW, Wen Y, Wu R, Zhao Q, Huang X, Yan Q, Huang Y, Wen X. A TolC-Like Protein of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Is Involved in Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Formation. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1618. [PMID: 27822201 PMCID: PMC5075564 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiologic agent of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia, a significant disease that causes serious economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Persistent infections caused by bacterial biofilms are recalcitrant to treat because of the particular drug resistance of biofilm-dwelling cells. TolC, a key component of multidrug efflux pumps, are responsible for multidrug resistance (MDR) in many Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we identified two TolC-like proteins, TolC1 and TolC2, in A. pleuropneumoniae. Deletion of tolC1, but not tolC2, caused a significant reduction in biofilm formation, as well as increased drug sensitivity of both planktonic and biofilm cells. The genetic-complementation of the tolC1 mutation restored the competent biofilm and drug resistance. Besides, biofilm formation was inhibited and drug sensitivity was increased by the addition of phenylalanine-arginine beta-naphthylamide (PAβN), a well-known efflux pump inhibitor (EPI), suggesting a role for EPI in antibacterial strategies toward drug tolerance of A. pleuropneumoniae. Taken together, TolC1 is required for biofilm formation and is a part of the MDR machinery of both planktonic and biofilm cells, which could supplement therapeutic strategies for resistant bacteria and biofilm-related infections of A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolate SC1516.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Luhua Zhang
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu, China; Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana, IL, USA
| | - Gee W Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
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30
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Li Y, Cao S, Zhang L, Yuan J, Lau GW, Wen Y, Wu R, Zhao Q, Huang X, Yan Q, Huang Y, Wen X. Absence of TolC Impairs Biofilm Formation in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by Reducing Initial Attachment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163364. [PMID: 27681876 PMCID: PMC5040401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiologic agent of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia, a major cause of economic loss in swine industry worldwide. TolC, the key component of multidrug efflux pumps and type I secretion systems, has been well-studied as an exit duct for numerous substances in many Gram-negative bacteria. By contrast, little is known on the role of TolC in biofilm formation. In this study, a ΔtolC mutant was used to examine the importance of TolC in biofilm formation of A. pleuropneumoniae. Surface attachment assays demonstrated the essential role of TolC in initial attachment of biofilm cells. The loss of TolC function altered surface hydrophobicity, and resulted in greatly reduced autoaggregation in ΔtolC. Using both enzymatic treatments and confocal microscopy, biofilm composition and architecture were characterized. When compared against the wild-type strain, the poly-β-1, 6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (PGA), an important biofilm matrix component of A. pleuropneumoniae, was significantly reduced at the initial attachment stage in ΔtolC. These results were confirmed by mRNA level using quantitative RT-PCR. Additionally, defective secretion systems in ΔtolC may also contribute to the deficiency in biofilm formation. Taken together, the current study demonstrated the importance of TolC in the initial biofilm formation stage in A. pleuropneumoniae. These findings could have important clinical implications in developing new treatments against biofilm-related infections by A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Sanjie Cao
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Luhua Zhang
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Gee W. Lau
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yiping Wen
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qin Zhao
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiaobo Huang
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qigui Yan
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xintian Wen
- Research Center of Swine Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- * E-mail:
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