1
|
Oka S, Watanabe M, Ito E, Takeyama A, Matsuoka T, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Arichi N, Ohno H, Yamasaki S, Inuki S. Archaeal Glycerolipids Are Recognized by C-Type Lectin Receptor Mincle. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18538-18548. [PMID: 37555666 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, various metabolites derived from host microbes have been reported to modulate the immune system, with potential involvement in health or diseases. Archaea, prokaryotic organisms, are present in the human body, but their connection with the host is largely unknown when compared to other microorganisms such as bacteria. This study focused on unique glycerolipids from symbiotic methanogenic archaea and evaluated their activities toward an innate immune receptor. The results revealed that archaeal lipids were recognized by the C-type lectin receptor Mincle and induced immune responses. A concurrent structure-activity relationship study identified the key structural features of archaeal lipids required for recognition by Mincle. Subsequent gene expression profiling suggested qualitative differences between the symbiotic archaeal lipid and the pathogenic bacteria-derived lipid. These findings have broad implications for understanding the function of symbiotic archaea in host health and diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Oka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Miyuki Watanabe
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Emi Ito
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ami Takeyama
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuro Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Division of Metabolomics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Norihito Arichi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ohno
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Inuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Řezanka T, Kyselová L, Murphy DJ. Archaeal lipids. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101237. [PMID: 37236370 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The major archaeal membrane glycerolipids are distinguished from those of bacteria and eukaryotes by the contrasting stereochemistry of their glycerol backbones, and by the use of ether-linked isoprenoid-based alkyl chains rather than ester-linked fatty acyl chains for their hydrophobic moieties. These fascinating compounds play important roles in the extremophile lifestyles of many species, but are also present in the growing numbers of recently discovered mesophilic archaea. The past decade has witnessed significant advances in our understanding of archaea in general and their lipids in particular. Much of the new information has come from the ability to screen large microbial populations via environmental metagenomics, which has revolutionised our understanding of the extent of archaeal biodiversity that is coupled with a strict conservation of their membrane lipid compositions. Significant additional progress has come from new culturing and analytical techniques that are gradually enabling archaeal physiology and biochemistry to be studied in real time. These studies are beginning to shed light on the much-discussed and still-controversial process of eukaryogenesis, which probably involved both bacterial and archaeal progenitors. Puzzlingly, although eukaryotes retain many attributes of their putative archaeal ancestors, their lipid compositions only reflect their bacterial progenitors. Finally, elucidation of archaeal lipids and their metabolic pathways have revealed potentially interesting applications that have opened up new frontiers for biotechnological exploitation of these organisms. This review is concerned with the analysis, structure, function, evolution and biotechnology of archaeal lipids and their associated metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Řezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 142 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Kyselová
- Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lípová 511, 120 44 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denis J Murphy
- School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Kok NAW, Driessen AJM. The catalytic and structural basis of archaeal glycerophospholipid biosynthesis. Extremophiles 2022; 26:29. [PMID: 35976526 PMCID: PMC9385802 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-022-01277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Archaeal glycerophospholipids are the main constituents of the cytoplasmic membrane in the archaeal domain of life and fundamentally differ in chemical composition compared to bacterial phospholipids. They consist of isoprenyl chains ether-bonded to glycerol-1-phosphate. In contrast, bacterial glycerophospholipids are composed of fatty acyl chains ester-bonded to glycerol-3-phosphate. This largely domain-distinguishing feature has been termed the “lipid-divide”. The chemical composition of archaeal membranes contributes to the ability of archaea to survive and thrive in extreme environments. However, ether-bonded glycerophospholipids are not only limited to extremophiles and found also in mesophilic archaea. Resolving the structural basis of glycerophospholipid biosynthesis is a key objective to provide insights in the early evolution of membrane formation and to deepen our understanding of the molecular basis of extremophilicity. Many of the glycerophospholipid enzymes are either integral membrane proteins or membrane-associated, and hence are intrinsically difficult to study structurally. However, in recent years, the crystal structures of several key enzymes have been solved, while unresolved enzymatic steps in the archaeal glycerophospholipid biosynthetic pathway have been clarified providing further insights in the lipid-divide and the evolution of early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niels A W de Kok
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnold J M Driessen
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus strain ΔH as a potential microorganism for bioconversion of CO2 to methane. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
5
|
Calditol-linked membrane lipids are required for acid tolerance in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:12932-12937. [PMID: 30518563 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814048115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Archaea have many unique physiological features of which the lipid composition of their cellular membranes is the most striking. Archaeal ether-linked isoprenoidal membranes can occur as bilayers or monolayers, possess diverse polar head groups, and a multiplicity of ring structures in the isoprenoidal cores. These lipid structures are proposed to provide protection from the extreme temperature, pH, salinity, and nutrient-starved conditions that many archaea inhabit. However, many questions remain regarding the synthesis and physiological role of some of the more complex archaeal lipids. In this study, we identify a radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) protein in Sulfolobus acidocaldarius required for the synthesis of a unique cyclopentyl head group, known as calditol. Calditol-linked glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are membrane spanning lipids in which calditol is ether bonded to the glycerol backbone and whose production is restricted to a subset of thermoacidophilic archaea of the Sulfolobales order within the Crenarchaeota phylum. Several studies have focused on the enzymatic mechanism for the synthesis of the calditol moiety, but to date no protein that catalyzes this reaction has been discovered. Phylogenetic analyses of this putative calditol synthase (Cds) reveal the genetic potential for calditol-GDGT synthesis in phyla other than the Crenarchaeota, including the Korarchaeota and Marsarchaeota. In addition, we identify Cds homologs in metagenomes predominantly from acidic ecosystems. Finally, we demonstrate that deletion of calditol synthesis renders S. acidocaldarius sensitive to extremely low pH, indicating that calditol plays a critical role in protecting archaeal cells from acidic stress.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yoshinaga MY, Gagen EJ, Wörmer L, Broda NK, Meador TB, Wendt J, Thomm M, Hinrichs KU. Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus modulates its membrane lipids in response to hydrogen and nutrient availability. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:5. [PMID: 25657645 PMCID: PMC4302986 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus strain ΔH is a model hydrogenotrophic methanogen, for which extensive biochemical information, including the complete genome sequence, is available. Nevertheless, at the cell membrane lipid level, little is known about the responses of this archaeon to environmental stimuli. In this study, the lipid composition of M. thermautotrophicus was characterized to verify how this archaeon modulates its cell membrane components during growth phases and in response to hydrogen depletion and nutrient limitation (potassium and phosphate). As opposed to the higher abundance of phospholipids in the stationary phase of control experiments, cell membranes under nutrient, and energy stress were dominated by glycolipids that likely provided a more effective barrier against ion leakage. We also identified particular lipid regulatory mechanisms in M. thermautotrophicus, which included the accumulation of polyprenols under hydrogen-limited conditions and an increased content of sodiated adducts of lipids in nutrient-limited cells. These findings suggest that M. thermautotrophicus intensely modulates its cell membrane lipid composition to cope with energy and nutrient availability in dynamic environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Y Yoshinaga
- Organic Geochemistry Group, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen Bremen, Germany
| | - Emma J Gagen
- Department of Microbiology and Archaea Center, University of Regensburg Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars Wörmer
- Organic Geochemistry Group, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen Bremen, Germany
| | - Nadine K Broda
- Organic Geochemistry Group, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen Bremen, Germany
| | - Travis B Meador
- Organic Geochemistry Group, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen Bremen, Germany
| | - Jenny Wendt
- Organic Geochemistry Group, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen Bremen, Germany
| | - Michael Thomm
- Department of Microbiology and Archaea Center, University of Regensburg Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Hinrichs
- Organic Geochemistry Group, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Naparstek S, Vinagradov E, Eichler J. Different glycosyltransferases are involved in lipid glycosylation and protein N-glycosylation in the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii. Arch Microbiol 2010; 192:581-4. [PMID: 20458469 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-010-0581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Both the lipid and the protein components of biological membranes can be modified by the covalent addition of polysaccharides. Whereas eukaryal and bacterial pathways of lipid and protein glycosylation are relatively well defined, considerably less is known of the parallel processes in Archaea. Recent efforts have identified glycosyltransferases involved in N-glycosylation of the surface-layer glycoprotein of the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii. In the present study, the involvement of these same glycosyltransferases in the biosynthesis of Hfx. volcanii glycolipids was considered by performing nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of the glycolipid fraction of Hfx. volcanii cells deleted of genes encoding those glycosyltransferases, as well as the oligosaccharyltransferase, AglB. The results reveal that different glycosyltransferases are involved in the biosynthesis of N-linked glycoproteins and glycolipids in Archaea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shai Naparstek
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University, PO Box 653, 84105 Beersheva, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Morii H, Kiyonari S, Ishino Y, Koga Y. A novel biosynthetic pathway of archaetidyl-myo-inositol via archaetidyl-myo-inositol phosphate from CDP-archaeol and D-glucose 6-phosphate in methanoarchaeon Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus cells. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:30766-74. [PMID: 19740749 PMCID: PMC2781475 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.034652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Revised: 09/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ether-type inositol phospholipids are ubiquitously distributed in Archaea membranes. The present paper describes a novel biosynthetic pathway of the archaeal inositol phospholipid. To study the biosynthesis of archaetidylinositol in vitro, we prepared two possible substrates: CDP-archaeol, which was chemically synthesized, and myo-[(14)C]inositol 1-phosphate, which was enzymatically prepared from [(14)C]glucose 6-phosphate with the inositol 1-phosphate (IP) synthase of this organism. The complete structure of the IP synthase reaction product was determined to be 1l-myo-inositol 1-phosphate, based on gas liquid chromatography with a chiral column. When the two substrates were incubated with the Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus membrane fraction, archaetidylinositol phosphate (AIP) was formed along with a small amount of archaetidylinositol (AI). The two products were identified by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry and chemical analyses. AI was formed from AIP by incubation with the membrane fraction, but AIP was not formed from AI. This finding indicates that archaeal AI was synthesized from CDP-archaeol and d-glucose 6-phosphate via myo-inositol 1-phosphate and AIP. Although the relevant enzymes were not isolated, three enzymes are implied: IP synthase, AIP synthase, and AIP phosphatase. AIP synthase was homologous to yeast phosphatidylinositol synthase, and we confirmed AIP synthase activity by cloning the encoding gene (MTH1691) and expressing it in Escherichia coli. AIP synthase is a newly found member of the enzyme superfamily CDP-alcohol phosphatidyltransferase, which includes a wide range of enzymes that attach polar head groups to ester- and ether-type phospholipids of bacterial and archaeal origin. This is the first report of the biosynthesis of ether-type inositol phospholipids in Archaea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Morii
- Department of Chemistry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyusyu 807-8555, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hato M, Yamashita J, Shiono M. Aqueous Phase Behavior of Lipids with Isoprenoid Type Hydrophobic Chains. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:10196-209. [DOI: 10.1021/jp902883q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masakatsu Hato
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba Central-5, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, and New Business Development Division, Kuraray Co., Ltd, 1-1-3, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8115, Japan
| | - Jun Yamashita
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba Central-5, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, and New Business Development Division, Kuraray Co., Ltd, 1-1-3, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8115, Japan
| | - Manzo Shiono
- Nanotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tsukuba Central-5, Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan, and New Business Development Division, Kuraray Co., Ltd, 1-1-3, Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8115, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Benvegnu T, Lemiègre L, Cammas‐Marion S. Archaeal Lipids: Innovative Materials for Biotechnological Applications. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200800452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Benvegnu
- UMR CNRS 6226 “Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”, Equipe “Chimie Organique et Supramoléculaire”, Ecole NationaleSupérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Av. Général Leclerc, 35700 Rennes, France, Fax: +33‐2‐23‐23‐80‐46
| | - Loïc Lemiègre
- UMR CNRS 6226 “Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”, Equipe “Chimie Organique et Supramoléculaire”, Ecole NationaleSupérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Av. Général Leclerc, 35700 Rennes, France, Fax: +33‐2‐23‐23‐80‐46
| | - Sandrine Cammas‐Marion
- UMR CNRS 6226 “Sciences Chimiques de Rennes”, Equipe “Chimie Organique et Supramoléculaire”, Ecole NationaleSupérieure de Chimie de Rennes, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Av. Général Leclerc, 35700 Rennes, France, Fax: +33‐2‐23‐23‐80‐46
| |
Collapse
|