Permeabilization of isolated heterocysts of Anabaena sp. strain 7120 with detergent

Vegetative cells may perform nitrogen fixation function under nitrogen deprivation in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 based on genome-wide differential expression analysis

Nitrogen assimilation is strictly regulated in cyanobacteria. In an inorganic nitrogen-deficient environment, some vegetative cells of the cyanobacterium Anabaena differentiate into heterocysts. We assessed the photosynthesis and nitrogen-fixing capacities of heterocysts and vegetative cells, respectively, at the transcriptome level. RNA extracted from nitrogen-replete vegetative cells (NVs), nitrogen-deprived vegetative cells (NDVs), and nitrogen-deprived heterocysts (NDHs) in Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 was evaluated by transcriptome sequencing. Paired comparisons of NVs vs. NDHs, NVs vs. NDVs, and NDVs vs. NDHs revealed 2,044 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis of the DEGs showed that carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms and several nitrogen metabolism-related pathways were significantly enriched. Synthesis of Gvp (Gas vesicle synthesis protein gene) in NVs was blocked by nitrogen deprivation, which may cause Anabaena cells to sink and promote nitrogen fixation under anaerobic conditions; in contrast, heterocysts may perform photosynthesis under nitrogen deprivation conditions, whereas the nitrogen fixation capability of vegetative cells was promoted by nitrogen deprivation. Immunofluorescence analysis of nitrogenase iron protein suggested that the nitrogen fixation capability of vegetative cells was promoted by nitrogen deprivation. Our findings provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis in vegetative cells and heterocysts at the transcriptome level. This study provides a foundation for further functional verification of heterocyst growth, differentiation, and water bloom control.

Measurement of the glycogen synthetic pathway in permeabilized cells of cyanobacteria

A simple, rapid and reliable procedure for permeabilizing cyanobacterial cells and measuring the glycogen synthetic pathway in situ, is presented. Cells from Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120 were permeabilized with a mixture of toluene:ethanol (1:4 v/v). Fluorescence microscopy of cells incubated with fluorescein diacetate showed Anabaena non-permeabilized cells as green fluorescents, whereas permeabilized (viable) cells exhibited the intrinsic red fluorescence. Labelled alpha-1,4-glucan was recovered when permeabilized cells were incubated with the substrates of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase or glycogen synthase. The kinetic and regulatory properties of both enzymes could be reproduced in situ. The simplicity of the procedure and the ability to measure in situ glucan fluxes show the methodology as useful for studying the intracellular regulation of storage polysaccharides in a photosynthetic prokaryote.