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Ning C, Li N, Wang L, Guo Y, Ji C, Li Z, Shang Y, Zhang X, Sun Y, Huang X, Leng Q, Cai X, Meng Q, Qiao J. STnc1280, a trans-coding sRNA is involved in virulence modulation via targeting gldA mRNA in Salmonella Typhimurium. J Med Microbiol 2024; 73. [PMID: 38353511 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Salmonella Typhimurium (STM) is a food-borne Gram-negative bacterium, which can infect humans and a wide range of livestock and poultry, causing a variety of diseases such as septicaemia, enteritis and abortion.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. We will decipher the impacts of sRNA STnc1280 on STM virulence and provide a theoretical basis to reveal the regulatory role and molecular mechanism of STnc1280.Aim. The main objective of this study was to clarify whether sRNA STnc1280 exerts regulatory roles on STM pathogenicity.Methodology. The STnc1280 gene was amplified and its molecular characteristics were analysed in this study. Then, STnc1280 gene deletion strain (STM-ΔSTnc1280) and the complementary strain (ΔSTnc1280/STnc1280) were constructed by λ-Red homologous recombination method, respectively, to analyse of adhesion and invasive ability and pathogenicity of different strains. Subsequently, the potential target gene regulated by STnc1280 was predicted using target RNA2 software, followed by the verification of the interaction between STnc1280 and target mRNA using the dual plasmid reporter system (DPRS). Furthermore, the mRNA and protein level of target gene was determined using qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively.Results. The results revealed that the cell adhesion and invasive ability and pathogenicity of STM-ΔSTnc1280 were significantly reduced compared to STM-SL1344 strain, indicating that the deficiency of STnc1280 gene significantly influenced STM pathogenicity. The DPRS results showed that STnc1280 can interact with the mRNA of target gene gldA, thus suppressing the expression of lacZ gene. Furthermore, the level of gldA mRNA was not influenced in STM-ΔSTnc1280, but the expression of GldA protein decreased significantly.Conclusion. Combining the bioinformatic analysis, these findings suggested that STnc1280 may bind to the SD sequence of gldA mRNA, hindering the binding of ribosomes to gldA mRNA, thereby inhibiting the expression of GldA protein to modulate the virulence of STM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Ning
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical College, Changji, Xinjiang, 831100, PR China
| | - Na Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Lixia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Yun Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Chunhui Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Yunxia Shang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Xingxing Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Research, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, PR China
| | - Yaoqiang Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Xiaoxing Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Qingwen Leng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- State Key Lab of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730046, PR China
| | - Qingling Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
| | - Jun Qiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832003, PR China
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Nava-Galeana J, Yakhnin H, Babitzke P, Bustamante VH. CsrA Positively and Directly Regulates the Expression of the pdu, pocR, and eut Genes Required for the Luminal Replication of Salmonella Typhimurium. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0151623. [PMID: 37358421 PMCID: PMC10433801 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01516-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric pathogens, such as Salmonella, have evolved to thrive in the inflamed gut. Genes located within the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) mediate the invasion of cells from the intestinal epithelium and the induction of an intestinal inflammatory response. Alternative electron acceptors become available in the inflamed gut and are utilized by Salmonella for luminal replication through the metabolism of propanediol and ethanolamine, using the enzymes encoded by the pdu and eut genes. The RNA-binding protein CsrA inhibits the expression of HilD, which is the central transcriptional regulator of the SPI-1 genes. Previous studies suggest that CsrA also regulates the expression of the pdu and eut genes, but the mechanism for this regulation is unknown. In this work, we show that CsrA positively regulates the pdu genes by binding to the pocR and pduA transcripts as well as the eut genes by binding to the eutS transcript. Furthermore, our results show that the SirA-CsrB/CsrC-CsrA regulatory cascade controls the expression of the pdu and eut genes mediated by PocR or EutR, which are the positive AraC-like transcriptional regulators for the pdu and eut genes, respectively. By oppositely regulating the expression of genes for invasion and for luminal replication, the SirA-CsrB/CsrC-CsrA regulatory cascade could be involved in the generation of two Salmonella populations that cooperate for intestinal colonization and transmission. Our study provides new insight into the regulatory mechanisms that govern Salmonella virulence. IMPORTANCE The regulatory mechanisms that control the expression of virulence genes are essential for bacteria to infect hosts. Salmonella has developed diverse regulatory mechanisms to colonize the host gut. For instance, the SirA-CsrB/CsrC-CsrA regulatory cascade controls the expression of the SPI-1 genes, which are required for this bacterium to invade intestinal epithelium cells and for the induction of an intestinal inflammatory response. In this study, we determine the mechanisms by which the SirA-CsrB/CsrC-CsrA regulatory cascade controls the expression of the pdu and eut genes, which are necessary for the replication of Salmonella in the intestinal lumen. Thus, our data, together with the results of previous reports, indicate that the SirA-CsrB/CsrC-CsrA regulatory cascade has an important role in the intestinal colonization by Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Nava-Galeana
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Helen Yakhnin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paul Babitzke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for RNA Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Víctor H. Bustamante
- Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Cohn AR, Orsi RH, Carroll LM, Chen R, Wiedmann M, Cheng RA. Characterization of Basal Transcriptomes Identifies Potential Metabolic and Virulence-Associated Adaptations Among Diverse Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica Serovars. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:730411. [PMID: 34721328 PMCID: PMC8552914 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.730411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The zoonotic pathogen Salmonella enterica includes >2,600 serovars, which differ in the range of hosts they infect and the severity of disease they cause. To further elucidate the mechanisms behind these differences, we performed transcriptomic comparisons of nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) serovars with the model for NTS pathogenesis, S. Typhimurium. Specifically, we used RNA-seq to characterize the understudied NTS serovars S. Javiana and S. Cerro, representing a serovar frequently attributed to human infection via contact with amphibians and reptiles, and a serovar primarily associated with cattle, respectively. Whole-genome sequence (WGS) data were utilized to ensure that strains characterized with RNA-seq were representative of their respective serovars. RNA extracted from representative strains of each serovar grown to late exponential phase in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth showed that transcript abundances of core genes were significantly higher (p<0.001) than those of accessory genes for all three serovars. Inter-serovar comparisons identified that transcript abundances of genes in Salmonella Pathogenicity Island (SPI) 1 were significantly higher in both S. Javiana and S. Typhimurium compared to S. Cerro. Together, our data highlight potential transcriptional mechanisms that may facilitate S. Cerro and S. Javiana survival in and adaptation to their respective hosts and impact their ability to cause disease in others. Furthermore, our analyses demonstrate the utility of omics approaches in advancing our understanding of the diversity of metabolic and virulence mechanisms of different NTS serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa R Cohn
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Renato H Orsi
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Laura M Carroll
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruixi Chen
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Rachel A Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Prentice MB. Bacterial microcompartments and their role in pathogenicity. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 63:19-28. [PMID: 34107380 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Catabolic bacterial microcompartments (BMC), or metabolosomes, are self-assembling structures formed by enzymes enclosed by porous protein shells. They provide a specialised environment inside bacterial cells separating a short catabolic pathway with reactive or toxic intermediates from the cytoplasm. Substrates for microcompartment metabolism like ethanolamine and 1,2-propanediol are constantly produced in the human intestine by bacterial metabolism of food or host cell components. Enteric pathogens gain a competitive advantage in the intestine by metabolising these substrates, an advantage enhanced by the host inflammatory response. They exploit the intestinal specificity of signature metabolosome substrates by adopting substrate sensors and regulators encoded by BMC operons for governance of non-metabolic processes in pathogenesis. In turn, products of microcompartment metabolism regulate the host immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Prentice
- Department of Pathology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Hews CL, Cho T, Rowley G, Raivio TL. Maintaining Integrity Under Stress: Envelope Stress Response Regulation of Pathogenesis in Gram-Negative Bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:313. [PMID: 31552196 PMCID: PMC6737893 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterial envelope is an essential interface between the intracellular and harsh extracellular environment. Envelope stress responses (ESRs) are crucial to the maintenance of this barrier and function to detect and respond to perturbations in the envelope, caused by environmental stresses. Pathogenic bacteria are exposed to an array of challenging and stressful conditions during their lifecycle and, in particular, during infection of a host. As such, maintenance of envelope homeostasis is essential to their ability to successfully cause infection. This review will discuss our current understanding of the σE- and Cpx-regulated ESRs, with a specific focus on their role in the virulence of a number of model pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L Hews
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gary Rowley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Tracy L Raivio
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Contribution of the Cpx envelope stress system to metabolism and virulence regulation in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211584. [PMID: 30716090 PMCID: PMC6361445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Cpx-envelope stress system regulates the expression of virulence factors in many Gram-negative pathogens. In Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium deletion of the sensor kinase CpxA but not of the response regulator CpxR results in the down regulation of the key regulator for invasion, HilA encoded by the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). Here, we provide evidence that cpxA deletion interferes with dephosphorylation of CpxR resulting in increased levels of active CpxR and consequently in misregulation of target genes. 14 potential operons were identified to be under direct control of CpxR. These include the virulence determinants ecotin, the omptin PgtE, and the SPI-2 regulator SsrB. The Tat-system and the PocR regulator that together promote anaerobic respiration of tetrathionate on 1,2-propanediol are also under direct CpxR control. Notably, 1,2-propanediol represses hilA expression. Thus, our work demonstrates for the first time the involvement of the Cpx system in a complex network mediating metabolism and virulence function.
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Jakobson CM, Tullman-Ercek D. Dumpster Diving in the Gut: Bacterial Microcompartments as Part of a Host-Associated Lifestyle. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005558. [PMID: 27171216 PMCID: PMC4865037 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M. Jakobson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Danielle Tullman-Ercek
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Zhang K, Zhao WD, Li Q, Fang WG, Zhu L, Shang DS, Chen YH. Tentative identification of glycerol dehydrogenase as Escherichia coli K1 virulence factor cglD and its involvement in the pathogenesis of experimental neonatal meningitis. Med Microbiol Immunol 2009; 198:195-204. [PMID: 19597841 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-009-0119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common gram-negative organism causing meningitis during the neonatal period. The mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of E. coli meningitis remains unclear. We previously identified a pathogenicity island GimA (genetic island of meningitic E. coli containing ibeA) from the genomic DNA library of E. coli K1, which may contribute to the E. coli invasion of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). CglD is one of the genes in GimA, and its function remains unknown. In order to characterize the role of cglD in the E. coli meningitis, an isogenic in-frame cglD deletion mutant of E. coli K1 was generated. The results showed that the median lethal dose of the cglD deletion mutant strain was significant higher than that of parent E. coli K1 strain, and the cglD deletion in E. coli K1 prolonged survival of the neonatal rats in experimental meningitis. However, deletion of cglD has no effect on the penetration of E. coli K1 through BBB in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, our results showed that deletion of cglD in E. coli K1 attenuated cerebrospinal fluid changes, meningeal thickening, and neutrophil infiltration in the cerebral cortex in the neonatal rats with experimental meningitis. Additional results showed that the role of CglD in neonatal meningitis may be associated with its activity of glycerol dehydrogenase. Taken together, our study suggested that CglD is a virulence factor of E. coli K1 contributed to the development of neonatal meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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Gonçalves AT, Marçal D, Carrondo MA, Enguita FJ. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray characterization of a glycerol dehydrogenase from the human pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2009; 65:698-701. [PMID: 19574643 PMCID: PMC2705638 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309109020296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Glycerol dehydrogenase (GldA) encoded by the STM4108 gene (gldA) has been related to the synthesis of HilA, a major transcriptional regulator that is responsible for the expression of invasion genes in the human pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Single colourless crystals were obtained from a recombinant preparation of GldA overexpressed in Escherichia coli. They belonged to space group P222(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 127.0, b = 160.1, c = 665.2 A. The crystals contained a very large number of molecules in the asymmetric unit, probably 30-35. Diffraction data were collected to 3.5 A resolution using synchrotron radiation at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. T. Gonçalves
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - D. Marçal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - M. A. Carrondo
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - F. J. Enguita
- Cell Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
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Sonck KAJ, Kint G, Schoofs G, Vander Wauven C, Vanderleyden J, De Keersmaecker SCJ. The proteome of Salmonella Typhimurium grown under in vivo-mimicking conditions. Proteomics 2009; 9:565-79. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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