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Corrêa-Junior D, de Andrade IB, Alves V, Avellar-Moura I, Rodrigues-Alves T, de Souza Rabello VB, de S Araújo GR, Borba-Santos LP, Zancopé-Oliveira RM, Almeida-Paes R, Frases S. Metabolic Plasticity and Virulence-Associated Factors of Sporothrix brasiliensis Strains Related to Familiar Outbreaks of Cat-to-Human Transmitted Sporotrichosis. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:724. [PMID: 37504713 PMCID: PMC10381138 DOI: 10.3390/jof9070724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporothrix brasiliensis is the main agent of zoonotic sporotrichosis transmitted by domestic cats in South America. In humans, sporotrichosis commonly presents with cutaneous or lymphocutaneous lesions, and in cats, with multiple ulcerated skin lesions associated with enlarged lymph nodes and respiratory signs. Fungal virulence factors may affect the clinical presentation of the mycoses. Sporothrix spp. present some virulence factors. This study aims to compare 24 S. brasiliensis strains from 12 familiar outbreaks of cat-to-human transmitted sporotrichosis. Fungal growth in different substrates, thermotolerance, resistance to oxidative stress, and production of enzymes were evaluated. An invertebrate model of experimental infection was used to compare the virulence of the strains. The strains grew well on glucose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine but poorly on lactate. Their thermotolerance was moderate to high. All strains were susceptible to hydrogen peroxide, and the majority produced hemolysins but not phospholipase and esterase. There was no significant difference in the putative virulence-associated factors studied among the different hosts. Moreover, strains isolated from a human and a cat from four familiar outbreaks presented a very similar profile of expression of these factors, reinforcing the zoonotic transmission of S. brasiliensis in Brazil and demonstrating the plasticity of this species in the production of virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Corrêa-Junior
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Iara Bastos de Andrade
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Alves
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Igor Avellar-Moura
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Tânia Rodrigues-Alves
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Brito de Souza Rabello
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Glauber R de S Araújo
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Luana Pereira Borba-Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Rosely Maria Zancopé-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Almeida-Paes
- Laboratório de Micologia, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ, FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro 20020-000, Brazil
| | - Susana Frases
- Laboratório de Biofísica de Fungos, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Rede Micologia RJ, FAPERJ, Rio de Janeiro 20020-000, Brazil
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2
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Xuan R, Hong SC, Trinh T, Coroneo MT, Petsoglou C. Case Series of Rare Fungal Keratitides: Experiences from a Quaternary Eye Hospital in Sydney, Australia. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9050589. [PMID: 37233300 DOI: 10.3390/jof9050589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present article reports on the management of six different and rare cases of fungal keratitides, two of which have never been documented in previous literature. This is a case series of six patients with rare fungal keratitides managed at a quaternary eye referral unit, Sydney Eye Hospital, Australia over a period of 7 months (May to December, 2022). The order of occurrence of fungi isolated was Scedosporium apiospermum, Lomenstospora prolificans, Cladosporium spp., Paecilomyces, Syncephalastrum racemosum and Quambalaria spp. A combination of medical and surgical interventions was employed, including topical and systemic anti-fungal therapy, with one requiring therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty and another eventuating in evisceration. Two patients were successfully treated with corneal debridement and two others required pars plana vitrectomy with anterior chamber washout. It is important to remain vigilant with monitoring patient symptoms and correlating with clinical signs to guide antifungal therapy even in the context of confirmed culture and sensitivity results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Xuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Sheng Chiong Hong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Tanya Trinh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Minas T Coroneo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia
| | - Constantinos Petsoglou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sydney and Sydney Eye Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
- Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
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3
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Salah H, Houbraken J, Boekhout T, Almaslamani M, Taj-Aldeen SJ. Molecular epidemiology of clinical filamentous fungi in Qatar beyond Aspergillus and Fusarium with notes on the rare species. Med Mycol 2023; 61:6967136. [PMID: 36592959 PMCID: PMC9874029 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myac098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to an increasing number of patients at risk (i.e., those with a highly compromised immune system and/or receiving aggressive chemotherapy treatment), invasive fungal infections (IFI) are increasingly being reported and associated with high mortality rates. Aspergillus spp., particularly A. fumigatus, is the major cause of IFI caused by filamentous fungi around the world followed by Fusarium spp., however, other fungi are emerging as human pathogens. The aim of this study was to explore the epidemiology and prevalence of the non-Aspergillus and non-Fusarium filamentous fungi in human clinical samples over an 11-year period in Qatar using molecular techniques. We recovered 53 filamentous fungal isolates from patients with various clinical conditions. Most patients were males (75.5%), 9.4% were immunocompromised, 20.7% had IFI, and 11.3% died within 30 days of diagnosis. The fungal isolates were recovered from a variety of clinical samples, including the nasal cavity, wounds, respiratory samples, body fluids, eye, ear, tissue, abscess, and blood specimens. Among the fungi isolated, 49% were dematiaceous fungi, followed by Mucorales (30%), with the latter group Mucorales being the major cause of IFI (5/11, 45.5%). The current study highlights the epidemiology and spectrum of filamentous fungal genera, other than Aspergillus and Fusarium, recovered from human clinical samples in Qatar, excluding superficial infections, which can aid in the surveillance of uncommon and emerging mycoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husam Salah
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Husam Salah, M.Sc. Division
of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Hamad Medical
Corporation, Doha, Qatar, PO Box 3050. Tel: +97-444-391-047. E-mail: ;
| | - Jos Houbraken
- Applied and Industrial Mycology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity
Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Yeast Research, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute,
Utrecht, Netherlands,Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics (IBED), University of
Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | | | - Saad J Taj-Aldeen
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and
Pathology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha,
Qatar,Department of Biology, College of Science, University of
Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
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Kwon SR, Kim TS, Park H, Park JH. The First Case of Prosthesis-related Infection Caused by Quambalaria cyanescens in Korea. Ann Lab Med 2022; 42:697-699. [PMID: 35765880 PMCID: PMC9277039 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2022.42.6.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seok Ryun Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taek Soo Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunwoong Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hyeon Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Mateo JJ, Andreu L. Characterization of an exocellular ethanol-tolerant β-glucosidase from Quambalaria cyanescens isolates from unripened grapes. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03578-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Inglis GD, Sigler L, Goettel MS. Trichosporonoides Megachiliensis, A New Hyphomycete Associated with Alfalfa Leafcutter Bees, With Notes onTrichosporonoidesandMoniliella. Mycologia 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00275514.1992.12026177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. Douglas Inglis
- University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium, Devonian Botanic Garden, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Lynne Sigler
- University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium, Devonian Botanic Garden, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Mark S. Goettel
- Agriculture Canada Research Station, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
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Kuan CS, Yew SM, Toh YF, Chan CL, Lim SK, Lee KW, Na SL, Hoh CC, Yee WY, Ng KP. Identification and Characterization of a Rare Fungus, Quambalaria cyanescens, Isolated from the Peritoneal Fluid of a Patient after Nocturnal Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145932. [PMID: 26716988 PMCID: PMC4696669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritonitis is the leading complication of peritoneal dialysis, which is primarily caused by bacteria rather than fungi. Peritonitis is responsible for approximately 18% of the infection-related mortality in peritoneal dialysis patients. In this paper, we report the isolation of a rare fungus, Quambalaria cyanescens, from the peritoneal fluid of a man after he switched from continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis to nocturnal intermittent peritoneal dialysis. Based on the morphological examination and multigene phylogeny, the clinical isolate was confirmed as Q. cyanescens. This pathogen exhibited low sensitivity to all tested echinocandins and 5-flucytosine. Interestingly, morphological characterization revealed that Q. cyanescens UM 1095 produced different pigments at low temperatures (25°C and 30°C) on various culture media. It is important to monitor the emergence of this rare fungus as a potential human pathogen in the tropics. This study provides insight into Q. cyanescens UM 1095 phenotype profiles using a Biolog phenotypic microarray (PM). Of the 760 nutrient sources tested, Q. cyanescens UM 1095 utilized 42 compounds, and the fungus can adapt to a broad range of osmotic and acidic environments. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of Q. cyanescens from peritoneal fluid, revealing this rare fungus as a potential human pathogen that may be misidentified using conventional methods. The detailed morphological, molecular and phenotypic characterization of Q. cyanescens UM 1095 provides the basis for future studies on its biology, lifestyle, and potential pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chee Sian Kuan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Su Mei Yew
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yue Fen Toh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chai Ling Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo Kun Lim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Wei Lee
- Codon Genomics SB, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Shiang Ling Na
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Wai-Yan Yee
- Codon Genomics SB, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kee Peng Ng
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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Stodůlková E, Císařová I, Kolařík M, Chudíčková M, Novák P, Man P, Kuzma M, Pavlů B, Černý J, Flieger M. Biologically active metabolites produced by the basidiomycete Quambalaria cyanescens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118913. [PMID: 25723150 PMCID: PMC4344228 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Four strains of the fungus Quambalaria cyanescens (Basidiomycota: Microstromatales), were used for the determination of secondary metabolites production and their antimicrobial and biological activities. A new naphthoquinone named quambalarine A, (S)-(+)-3-(5-ethyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-yliden)-5,7,8-trihydroxy-2-oxo-1,4-naphthoquinone (1), together with two known naphthoquinones, 3-hexanoyl-2,5,7,8-tetrahydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (named here as quambalarine B, 2) and mompain, 2,5,7,8-tetrahydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (3) were isolated. Their structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction crystallography, NMR and MS spectrometry. Quambalarine A (1) had a broad antifungal and antibacterial activity and is able inhibit growth of human pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus and fungi co-occurring with Q. cyanescens in bark beetle galleries including insect pathogenic species Beauveria bassiana. Quambalarine B (2) was active against several fungi and mompain mainly against bacteria. The biological activity against human-derived cell lines was selective towards mitochondria (2 and 3); after long-term incubation with 2, mitochondria were undetectable using a mitochondrial probe. A similar effect on mitochondria was observed also for environmental competitors of Q. cyanescens from the genus Geosmithia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Stodůlková
- Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Císařová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Chudíčková
- Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Novák
- Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Man
- Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kuzma
- Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Pavlů
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Černý
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Flieger
- Institute of Microbiology of the ASCR, v.v.i., Prague, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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9
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Fan X, Xiao M, Kong F, Kudinha T, Wang H, Xu YC. A rare fungal species, Quambalaria cyanescens, isolated from a patient after augmentation mammoplasty--environmental contaminant or pathogen? PLoS One 2014; 9:e106949. [PMID: 25330078 PMCID: PMC4203675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Some emerging but less common human fungal pathogens are known environmental species and could be of low virulence. Meanwhile, some species have natural antifungal drug resistance, which may pose significant clinical diagnosis and treatment challenges. Implant breast augmentation is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in China, and fungal infection of breast implants is considered rare. Here we report the isolation of a rare human fungal species, Quambalaria cyanescens, from a female patient in China. The patient had undergone bilateral augmentation mammoplasty 11 years ago and was admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital on 15 September 2011 with primary diagnosis of breast infection. She underwent surgery to remove the implant and fully recovered thereafter. During surgery, implants and surrounding tissues were removed and sent for histopathology and microbiology examination. Our careful review showed that there was no solid histopathologic evidence of infection apart from inflammation. However, a fungal strain, which was initially misidentified as “Candida tropicalis” because of the similar appearance on CHROMagar Candida, was recovered. The organism was later on re-identified as Q. cyanescens, based on sequencing of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region rather than the D1/D2 domain of 26S rDNA. It exhibited high MICs to 5-flucytosine and all echinocandins, but appeared more susceptible to amphotericin B and azoles tested. The possible pathogenic role of Q. cyanescens in breast implants is discussed in this case, and the increased potential for misidentification of the isolate is a cause for concern as it may lead to inappropriate antifungal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fanrong Kong
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy Kudinha
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Sturt University, Orange, New South Wales, Australia
| | - He Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Chun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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10
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Antropova AB, Bilanenko EN, Mokeeva VL, Chekunova LN, Kachalkin AV, Shtaer OV, Kamzolkina OV. Report of Quambalaria cyanescens in association with the birch (Betula pendula). Microbiology (Reading) 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261714050038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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11
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Subedi S, Kidd SE, Baird RW, Coatsworth N, Ralph AP. Case report: Sporotrichosis from the Northern Territory of Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014; 91:1263-8. [PMID: 25200259 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.14-0456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
We report three cases of lymphocutaneous infection caused by the thermally dimorphic fungus, Sporothrix schenckii from Australia's tropical Northern Territory. Two cases were acquired locally, making them the first to be reported from this region. All three cases presented with ulceration in the limb; however, the classical sporotrichoid spread was present only in the first two cases. Their occurrence within several weeks of each other was suggestive of a common source of environmental contamination such as hay used as garden mulch. Diagnoses were delayed in each case, with each patient having substantial exposure to ineffective antibiotics before the correct diagnosis was made. These cases bring the total number of reported sporotrichosis cases in Australia since 1951 to 199. Lessons from these cases are to consider the diagnosis of sporotrichosis in lesions of typical appearance, even in geographical settings from where this pathogen has not previously been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Subedi
- National Mycology Reference Center, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia; Royal Darwin Hospital, Microbiology, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Royal Darwin Hospital, Department of Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Northern Territory, Australia; Global Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Sarah E Kidd
- National Mycology Reference Center, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia; Royal Darwin Hospital, Microbiology, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Royal Darwin Hospital, Department of Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Northern Territory, Australia; Global Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Robert W Baird
- National Mycology Reference Center, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia; Royal Darwin Hospital, Microbiology, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Royal Darwin Hospital, Department of Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Northern Territory, Australia; Global Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Nicholas Coatsworth
- National Mycology Reference Center, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia; Royal Darwin Hospital, Microbiology, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Royal Darwin Hospital, Department of Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Northern Territory, Australia; Global Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Anna P Ralph
- National Mycology Reference Center, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia; Royal Darwin Hospital, Microbiology, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Royal Darwin Hospital, Department of Medicine, Royal Darwin Hospital, Northern Territory, Australia; Global Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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Abstract
Sporotrichosis, which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii, is currently distributed throughout the world, especially in tropical and subtropical zones. Infection generally occurs by traumatic inoculation of soil, plants, and organic matter contaminated with the fungus. Certain leisure and occupational activities, such as floriculture, agriculture, mining, and wood exploitation, are traditionally associated with the mycosis. Zoonotic transmission has been described in isolated cases or in small outbreaks. Since the end of the 1990s there has been an epidemic of sporotrichosis associated with transmission by cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. More than 2,000 human cases and 3,000 animal cases have been reported. In humans, the lesions are usually restricted to the skin, subcutaneous cellular tissue, and adjacent lymphatic vessels. In cats, the disease can evolve with severe clinical manifestations and frequent systemic involvement. The gold standard for sporotrichosis diagnosis is culture. However, serological, histopathological, and molecular approaches have been recently adopted as auxiliary tools for the diagnosis of this mycotic infection. The first-choice treatment for both humans and cats is itraconazole.
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13
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de Beer ZW, Begerow D, Bauer R, Pegg GS, Crous PW, Wingfield MJ. Phylogeny of the Quambalariaceae fam. nov., including important Eucalyptus pathogens in South Africa and Australia. Stud Mycol 2011; 55:289-98. [PMID: 18490987 PMCID: PMC2104727 DOI: 10.3114/sim.55.1.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Quambalaria consists of plant-pathogenic fungi causing disease on leaves and shoots of species of Eucalyptus and its close relative, Corymbia. The phylogenetic relationship of Quambalaria spp., previously classified in genera such as Sporothrix and Ramularia, has never been addressed. It has, however, been suggested that they belong to the basidiomycete orders Exobasidiales or Ustilaginales. The aim of this study was thus to consider the ordinal relationships of Q. eucalypti and Q. pitereka using ribosomal LSU sequences. Sequence data from the ITS nrDNA were used to determine the phylogenetic relationship of the two Quambalaria species together with Fugomyces (= Cerinosterus) cyanescens. In addition to sequence data, the ultrastructure of the septal pores of the species in question was compared. From the LSU sequence data it was concluded that Quambalaria spp. and F. cyanescens form a monophyletic clade in the Microstromatales, an order of the Ustilaginomycetes. Sequences from the ITS region confirmed that Q. pitereka and Q. eucalypti are distinct species. The ex-type isolate of F. cyanescens, together with another isolate from Eucalyptus in Australia, constitute a third species of Quambalaria, Q. cyanescens (de Hoog & G.A. de Vries) Z.W. de Beer, Begerow & R. Bauer comb. nov. Transmission electron-microscopic studies of the septal pores confirm that all three Quambalaria spp. have dolipores with swollen lips, which differ from other members of the Microstromatales (i.e. the Microstromataceae and Volvocisporiaceae) that have simple pores with more or less rounded pore lips. Based on their unique ultrastructural features and the monophyly of the three Quambalaria spp. in the Microstromatales, a new family, Quambalariaceae Z.W. de Beer, Begerow & R. Bauer fam. nov., is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
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Phenotypic and Molecular Identification of Sporothrix Isolates from an Epidemic Area of Sporotrichosis in Brazil. Mycopathologia 2011; 172:257-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s11046-011-9437-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Koç AN, Ukşal Ü, Oymak O. Case Report. Successfully treated subcutaneous infection with Sporothrix schenckii
in Turkey. Mycoses 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2001.00637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mehta KIS, Sharma NL, Kanga AK, Mahajan VK, Ranjan N. Isolation of Sporothrix schenckii from the environmental sources of cutaneous sporotrichosis patients in Himachal Pradesh, India: results of a pilot study. Mycoses 2007; 50:496-501. [PMID: 17944713 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2007.01411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Karan Inder Singh Mehta
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, India Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Paap T, Burgess TI, McComb JA, Shearer BL, St J Hardy GE. Quambalaria species, including Q. coyrecup sp. nov., implicated in canker and shoot blight diseases causing decline of Corymbia species in the southwest of Western Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 112:57-69. [PMID: 18222081 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A severe canker disease has been causing decline and death of Corymbia calophylla in the southwest of Western Australia (WA) for some years, but the causal agent has never been investigated. However, there have been historical reports dating back to the 1920s of a canker disease of amenity planted C. ficifolia caused by 'Sporotrichum destructor', though the description and Latin diagnosis were never published. It has been suggested that there may be links between this species and the genus Quambalaria, a group containing leaf and shoot pathogens of species of Eucalyptus and Corymbia. The aim of this study was to investigate the identity of the pathogen historically attributed to canker disease of C. ficifolia, determine whether this pathogen is responsible for the current epidemic of C. calophylla canker, and whether it is synonymous with Quambalaria. Surveys examined the range of Quambalaria spp. on Corymbia spp. endemic to southwest WA. Their phylogenetic relationship to Q. cyanescens, Q. eucalypti, and Q. pitereka was examined using rLSU and ITS sequence data. Morphological characters were also compared. Sequences confirmed that Q. cyanescens and Q. pitereka are present in southwest WA, with the latter associated with leaf and shoot disease. A third group isolated from cankers represent a new species of Quambalaria. Comparisons of disease symptoms and conidiogenesis indicate this species is synonymous with 'S. destructor'. The species is formally described here as Q. coyrecup sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trudy Paap
- School of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Murdoch University, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
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Ghosh A, Maity PK, Hemashettar BM, Sharma VK, Chakrabarti A. Physiological characters ofSporothrix schenckiiisolates. Mycoses 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0507.2002.00783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tambini R, Farina C, Fiocchi R, Dupont B, Guého B, Delvecchio G, Mamprin F, Gavazzeni G. Possible pathogenic role forSporothrix cyanescensisolated from a lung lesion in a heart transplant patient. Med Mycol 1996. [DOI: 10.1080/02681219680000321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Abbott SP, Sigler L, McAleer R, McGough DA, Rinaldi MG, Mizell G. Fatal cerebral mycoses caused by the ascomycete Chaetomium strumarium. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33:2692-8. [PMID: 8567907 PMCID: PMC228557 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.10.2692-2698.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Three cases of fatal cerebral mycosis in males with prior histories of intravenous drug use from the United States and Australia are reported. Infection in each case was limited to brain abscess; no other sites of infection were observed. The fungus seen by histopathology and isolated from the brain tissue in each case was identified as Chaetomium strumarium. This is the first report of human infection by this species, and C. strumarium is the second species of Chaetomium known to cause primary brain infection. Chaetomium strumarium is unusual among members of the genus Chaetomium in forming ascocarps covered with pale, thin-walled, flexuous hairs, a feature leading to its original placement in the genus Achaetomium. Presence of pinkish exudate droplets and/or crystals associated with hyphae or ascocarps, sometimes accompanied by a pinkish diffusible pigment; good growth at 42 degrees C; and production of small conidia further distinguish this species. The brain abscess isolates were compared with isolates from prior cases of cerebral infection which had been identified as either Chaetomium atrobrunneum or Chaetomium globosum. With reidentification of one isolate originally identified as C. globosum to C. atrobrunneum, only C. strumarium and C. atrobrunneum have been confirmed to cause infection involving the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Abbott
- University of Alberta Microfungus Collection and Herbarium, Devonian Botanic Garden, Edmonton, Canada
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Abstract
The fungicide benomyl has long been known to differentially affect major taxonomic groups of fungi. In the present study 163 species or aggregates of closely similar species of medically important fungi and actinomycetes, as well as species commonly isolated as clinical contaminants, were tested to determine their reactions to three concentrations of benomyl. Fungi of basidiomycetous, endomycetous, and microascaceous affinities were highly resistant, including all common yeasts and Geotrichum, Pseudallescheria, Scedosporium, and Scopulariopsis species. Also resistant were fungi of pleosporalean affinities with poroconidial anamorphs, such as Alternaria, Bipolaris, Curvularia, and Exserohilum species. Most other fungi of ascomycetous affinity were moderately to strongly susceptible. Such fungi included dermatophytes; Coccidioides, Blastomyces, and Histoplasma species; Sporothrix schenckii; medically important aspergilli; and "black yeasts." Benomyl testing aided in the provisional identification of nonsporulating mycelia, including common basidiomycetous isolates obtained as contaminants as well as nonsporulating Aspergillus fumigatus from pulmonary sources.
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