1
|
Ruiz Del Pino M, Rosales-Castillo A, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Clinical significance of isolation of Haemophilus no ducreyi in genital samples. Systematic review. ENFERMEDADES INFECCIOSAS Y MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2023; 41:468-484. [PMID: 36443187 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Currently, the microbiological diagnosis of genital infections is carried out with molecular methods, which allow the detection of less frequent etiological agents but with potential pathogenic importance, such as Haemophilus spp. The objective of this review is to analyse and highlight the clinical importance of the isolation of Haemophilus spp. in genital and rectal infections, excluding Haemophilus ducreyi. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic review was carried out based on an exhaustive search of the publications included in the MEDLINE database up to August 5, 2021, on the presence of Haemophilus spp. in genital and rectal infections, excluding H. ducreyi. RESULTS After reviewing what was described in the literature, Haemophilus spp. (excluding H. ducreyi: HSNOD) was detected in 2397 episodes of genital infection, the most frequently isolated species being H. influenzae and H. parainfluenzae. Most of the episodes (87,6%) are constituted by single isolation. There is a slight predominance in women (48,3%) where it can cause vaginitis, salpingitis, endometritis or complications during pregnancy. In men, the clinical picture usually corresponds to urethritis. Most of the samples correspond to vaginal and urethral exudates, with a minority representation at the rectal level (2.3%). CONCLUSION HSNOD plays a relevant pathogenic role in episodes of genital infection, so microbiological diagnostic protocols must include methods that allow their detection, as well as include them in the etiological spectrum of this type of clinical picture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ruiz Del Pino
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada-ibs, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Rosales-Castillo
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-ibs, Granada, Spain; Programa de Doctorado en Medicina Clínica y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - José María Navarro-Marí
- Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves-ibs, Granada, Spain; Programa de Doctorado en Medicina Clínica y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada-ibs, Granada, Spain; Programa de Doctorado en Medicina Clínica y Salud Pública, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Benabderrazik B, Chaouche I, Haloua M, El Bouardi N, Alami B, Alaoui Lamrani YM, Maaroufi M, Boubbou M. Pelvic cellulitis, a rare complication of bartholinitis: report of two cases. Radiol Case Rep 2023; 18:563-566. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2022.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
|
3
|
Acute Bartholin's gland abscess treatment by simple needle aspiration: A prospective study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2022; 276:92-97. [PMID: 35839715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aim was to examine the success rate of simple needle aspiration for acute Bartholin's gland abscess and compare it to incision and drainage treatment. STUDY DESIGN This was a non-randomised prospective study conducted at the academic Hospital of La Conception, Marseille, France. We included 202 women who presented with acute Bartholin's gland abscess between June 2013 and October 2017. The study cohort was subdivided into two treatment groups, simple needle aspiration (134 women) or incision and drainage (42 women), according to the women's preference. Success was considered as the absence of surgical treatment within one year of the initial treatment. RESULTS The success rate was 68/134 (51% (95% CI: 42-59%)) in the simple needle aspiration group and 25/42 (60%) in the incision drainage group (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.63-1.15, P = 0.3). Among 122/134 (91%) women who completed the satisfaction survey, 99/122 (81%) were satisfied with the simple needle aspiration. CONCLUSIONS Simple needle aspiration can be offered as first-line treatment for acute Bartholin's gland abscess. Simple needle aspiration can be performed as an outpatient procedure without general anesthesia avoiding surgical treatment in half of the cases one-year post- simple needle aspiration.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ruiz del Pino M, Rosales-Castillo A, Navarro-Marí JM, Gutiérrez-Fernández J. Importancia clínica del aislamiento de Haemophilus spp. (excluyendo H. ducreyi) en muestras genitales. Revisión sistemática. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2022.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
5
|
Shahid M, Quinlivan JA, Peek M, Castaño-Rodríguez N, Mendz GL. Is there an association between the vaginal microbiome and first trimester miscarriage? A prospective observational study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2021; 48:119-128. [PMID: 34761471 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine whether there are differences in the vaginal microbiome of women who miscarry compared to those who have normal pregnancy outcomes. METHODS Prospective observational study conducted at the Canberra Hospital, Australia, with 24 participant women in the first trimester of pregnancy. The vaginal microbiomes of the 24 women were characterized using sequencing analysis of the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene employing an Illumina MiSeq instrument with QIAGEN reagents. Vaginal microbiome data were correlated with pregnancy clinical metadata. RESULTS Ordination plots showed differences in the composition of microbiomes of women who miscarried and controls. In nulliparous women, Lactobacillus crispatus was the dominant bacterium in 50% of women. Lactobacillus iners was the dominant bacterium in 50% of women with a history of prior miscarriage and a miscarriage in the study compared to 15% (p = 0.011) in those with no history of miscarriage and no miscarriage in the study. There were significant differences in the number of operational taxonomic units and the richness of the microbiomes of women who miscarried compared to those who delivered at term. Eight taxa were found in different relative abundances in both groups of women. CONCLUSIONS The study indicated that the composition of the vaginal microbiome varies with pregnancy history. Also, there was a significant difference in the vaginal microbiomes between women who suffered miscarriage and those who continued to term delivery both in the overall microbiome populations and in the abundances of individual taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Shahid
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Julie A Quinlivan
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Peek
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Natalia Castaño-Rodríguez
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George L Mendz
- School of Medicine, Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Elkins JM, Hamid OS, Simon LV, Sheele JM. Association of Bartholin cysts and abscesses and sexually transmitted infections. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 44:323-327. [PMID: 32321682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bartholin gland cysts or abscesses account for many gynecologic visits in the emergency department (ED). Previous smaller studies have suggested a link between Bartholin cysts/abscesses and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but few studies have involved the ED. METHODS We retrospectively identified patients aged 18 years or older seen in 1 ED between January 2012 and March 2017 who had urinalysis and urine culture and/or were tested for gonorrhea, chlamydia, or trichomonas by nucleic acid amplification testing. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate associations between Bartholin cysts/abscess and demographics, laboratory findings, and ED diagnoses. RESULTS Data were collected for 75,000 ED patients; 64 patients had a diagnosis of Bartholin cyst or abscess, 40 of whom were also tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis. Ten percent of patients with a Bartholin cyst/abscess were infected with N gonorrhoeae, compared with 3% of those without a Bartholin cyst/abscess (P = .008). The rates of C trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis infections were 13% and 26%, respectively, among patients with a Bartholin cyst/abscess, compared with 8% and 30%, respectively, among those without a Bartholin cyst/abscess (P > .05 for both). On regression analysis, only increased urobilinogen level (β, 0.31; odds ratio, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.11-1.66; P = .003) and infection with N gonorrhoeae (β, 1.69; odds ratio, 5.40; 95% CI, 1.43-20.35; P = .01) were associated with a Bartholin cyst/abscess. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians in the ED should consider testing patients with a Bartholin cyst/abscess for gonorrhea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Elkins
- Department of Emergency, Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Osman S Hamid
- Department of Emergency, Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Leslie V Simon
- Department of Emergency, Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America
| | - Johnathan M Sheele
- Department of Emergency, Medicine Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Illingworth B, Stocking K, Showell M, Kirk E, Duffy J. Evaluation of treatments for Bartholin's cyst or abscess: a systematic review. BJOG 2020; 127:671-678. [PMID: 31876985 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No consensus on the management of symptomatic cysts or abscesses of the Bartholin's gland exists. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of surgical interventions for a symptomatic Bartholin's cyst or abscess. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched bibliographical databases from inception to April 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised trials evaluating a surgical intervention for the treatment of a symptomatic Bartholin's cyst or abscess. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Eight trials, reporting data from 699 women, were included. Study characteristics and methodological quality were recorded for each trial. Summary estimates were calculated using random-effects methods. MAIN RESULTS When considering the recurrence of a symptomatic Bartholin's cyst or abscess, the evidence was consistent with notable effects in either direction (risk ratio [RR] 0.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41-1.40) when comparing marsupialisation with incision, drainage and insertion of a Word catheter. Limited inference could be made when comparing marsupialisation with incision, drainage and silver nitrate insertion (RR 1.00; 95% CI 0.57-1.75), and incision, drainage and cavity closure (RR 0.25; 95% CI 0.01-4.89). There was limited reporting of secondary outcomes, including haematoma, infectious morbidity and persistent dyspareunia. CONCLUSIONS Current randomised trial evidence does not support the use of any single surgical intervention for the treatment of a symptomatic cyst or abscess of the Bartholin's gland. PROSPECTIVE REGISTRATION PROSPERO: International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; CRD42018088553. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Further research is needed to identify an effective treatment for #Bartholin's cyst or abscess. @jamesmnduffy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bjg Illingworth
- North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough City Hospital, Peterborough, UK
| | - K Stocking
- Centre for Biostatistics, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M Showell
- Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - E Kirk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Free London NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Jmn Duffy
- Institute for Women's Health, University College London, London, UK.,Barking, Havering and Redbridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Essex, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bertholdt C, Andre L, Germain J, Soussoko M, Morel O, Mezan de Malartic C. [Antibiotics in first-line in case of bartholinitis: Retrospective Study of 33 Cases]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 47:713-717. [PMID: 31356891 DOI: 10.1016/j.gofs.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute Bartholinitis is a common pathology affecting nearly 2% of women in their lifetime. Many treatments are used, although their effectiveness is not demonstrated in the literature. The main objective was to evaluate the success rate of first-line antibiotic therapy. The secondary objective was to identify factors associated with successful treatment. METHODS We conducted a retrospective unicentric study between January 2014 and June 2018 at the University Hospital Center of Nancy. Inclusion criteria were the presence of acute bartholinitis treated with first-line antibiotic therapy. Exclusion criteria were patients lost to follow-up after initiation of treatment. The primary endpoint was the absence of surgical treatment within 30 days of initiation of antibiotic therapy. Factors associated with successful medical treatment were sought. RESULTS Thirty-three patients were included. The success rate of medical treatment was 48.5% at 30 days. In the case of symptoms that had been evolving for less than 3 days, the success of medical treatment was more frequent (75% vs. 35.3%, P=0.02). Medical treatment was more effective in lesions of less than 2cm (68.7% vs. 23.5%, P=0.01). After adjustment, the only factor associated with successful medical treatment was lesion size≤2cm [ORa=5.31 (1.05-26.81)]. CONCLUSION First-line antibiotic therapy for acute bartholinitis seems effective but should be targeted according to certain eligibility criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Bertholdt
- Pôle de gynécologie-obstétrique, maternité régionale universitaire, CHRU de Nancy, 10, rue du Docteur Heydenreich, 54000 Nancy, France; Unité Inserm U1254, CHRU de Nancy, rue du Morvan, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - L Andre
- Pôle de gynécologie-obstétrique, maternité régionale universitaire, CHRU de Nancy, 10, rue du Docteur Heydenreich, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - J Germain
- Pôle de gynécologie-obstétrique, maternité régionale universitaire, CHRU de Nancy, 10, rue du Docteur Heydenreich, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - M Soussoko
- Pôle de gynécologie-obstétrique, maternité régionale universitaire, CHRU de Nancy, 10, rue du Docteur Heydenreich, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - O Morel
- Pôle de gynécologie-obstétrique, maternité régionale universitaire, CHRU de Nancy, 10, rue du Docteur Heydenreich, 54000 Nancy, France; Unité Inserm U1254, CHRU de Nancy, rue du Morvan, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - C Mezan de Malartic
- Pôle de gynécologie-obstétrique, maternité régionale universitaire, CHRU de Nancy, 10, rue du Docteur Heydenreich, 54000 Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Grinberg N, Rotem R, Diamant H, Barg M, Sheizaf B, Yohai D, Weintraub AY. Clinical and microbiological features of Bartholin's gland abscess in pregnant and non-pregnant women. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2019; 34:1127-1132. [PMID: 31154884 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1627320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The data regarding microbiological and clinical characteristics of Bartholin gland abscesses during pregnancy is limited. Given the hormonal and physiological changes during pregnancy we aimed to examine whether a difference exists in the clinical and microbiological features of Bartholin's gland abscess during pregnancy and the puerperium as compared with nonpregnant patients. In addition, we aim to evaluate whether a Bartholin's gland abscess during pregnancy is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study was conducted, including all women with Bartholin's gland abscess who were treated surgically between the years 2009-2016 in the Soroka University Medical Center. Various demographic, clinical and microbiological characteristics were retrieved and a comparison was made between patients with a Bartholin's gland abscess during pregnancy and the puerperium (study group) as compared with nonpregnant patients (controls). In addition, obstetrical characteristics of patients in the study group were retrieved. RESULTS Of the 363 women who were treated surgically, 38 (10.5%) were in the study group. Women in the study group were significantly younger (26.8 versus 32.8 p < .001). No differences were found between the groups with regard to the clinical presentation (affected side, fever, leukocytosis and need for antimicrobial treatment) or the selected mode of drainage. In addition, no difference was found in the percentage of positive culture results, nor in the distribution of the pathogens between the groups, in both groups the most common pathogen was Escherichia coli. Yet, among the study group, recurrence of the abscess was more common (13.5 versus 2.15% p = -.067) as evident by significantly higher recurrent referrals to the emergency department and recurrent hospitalizations (28.9 versus 14.8%, p < .05, and 26.3 versus 8.0% p < .001, respectively). Of note, fever after the procedures, pain, discharge and bleeding did not differ significantly between groups. No cases of premature rupture of membranes or chorioamnionitis were noted following treatment. CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, no differences were found between the study groups in the clinical presentation and microbiological features. A significantly higher recurrence rate was noted in the study group. Among pregnant patients no adverse perinatal outcomes were noted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noa Grinberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Reut Rotem
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Diamant
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Moshe Barg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Boaz Sheizaf
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - David Yohai
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Adi Y Weintraub
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Soares R, Reis T, Valido F, Chaves C. Bartholin's gland abscess caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a sexually active young woman. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/4/e228492. [PMID: 31023734 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2018-228492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynaecological infections are frequent in women, particularly in young women during their reproductive time. Anatomophysiologically, Bartholin's gland is greatly susceptible to infections and is characterised by an inherent polymicrobial population. In fact, gynaecological microbiota has a set of agents coming from the perianal region that colonise the vagina and, in particular, Bartholin's gland. Taking this into account, infections caused by agents that do not belong to the genital microbiota are less frequent. Here, we describe a case of a 23-year-old young woman with an abscess in Bartholin's gland caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Soares
- Department of Clinical Pathology Service, Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Coimbra Francisco Gentil EPE, Coimbra, Portugal.,Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Reis
- Department of Clinical Pathology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Frederico Valido
- Department of Clinical Pathology Service, Instituto Portugues de Oncologia de Coimbra Francisco Gentil EPE, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina Chaves
- Department of Clinical Pathology Service, Centro Hospitalar e Universitario de Coimbra EPE, Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shenoy PA, Vishwanath S, Gawda A, Shetty S, Anegundi R, Varma M, Mukhopadhyay C, Chawla K. Anaerobic Bacteria in Clinical Specimens - Frequent, But a Neglected Lot: A Five Year Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:DC44-DC48. [PMID: 28892897 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26009.10311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anaerobic bacteria which constitute a significant proportion of the normal microbiota also cause variety of infections involving various anatomic sites. Considering the tedious culture techniques with longer turnaround time, anaerobic cultures are usually neglected by clinicians and microbiologists. AIM To study the frequency of isolation of different anaerobic bacteria from various clinical specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study to analyse the frequency of isolation of different anaerobic bacteria, was conducted over a period of five years from 2011 to 2015 including various clinical specimens submitted to anaerobic division of Microbiology laboratory. Anaerobic bacteria were isolated and identified following standard bacteriological techniques. RESULTS Pathogenic anaerobes (n=336) were isolated from 278 (12.48%) of overall 2227 specimens processed with an average yield of 1.2 isolates. Anaerobes were isolated as polymicrobial flora with or without aerobic bacterial pathogens in 159 (57.2%) patients. Anaerobic Gram-negative bacilli (140, 41.7%) were the predominant isolates. B. fragilis group (67, 19.9%) were the most commonly isolated anaerobic pathogens. Anaerobes were predominantly isolated from deep seated abscess (23.9%). CONCLUSION Pathogenic anaerobes were isolated from various infection sites. Unless culture and susceptibility tests are performed as a routine, true magnitude of antimicrobial resistance among anaerobic pathogens will not be known. Knowledge of the distribution of these organisms may assist in the selection of appropriate empirical therapy for anaerobic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Padmaja Ananth Shenoy
- Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashidhar Vishwanath
- Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini Gawda
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Seema Shetty
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Renuka Anegundi
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Muralidhar Varma
- Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay
- Professor, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiran Chawla
- Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gardnerella vaginalis as a Cause of Abscesses and Bacteremias. INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/ipc.0000000000000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Kallam AR, Kanumury V, Bhimavarapu N, Soorada B. A Report of Two Cases of "Giant Bartholin Gland Cysts" Successfully Treated by Excision with Review of Literature. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:PD11-PD13. [PMID: 28764246 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26802.10088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bartholin's gland cysts are one of the common vulval masses that may start as asymptomatic cysts but if left untreated, may become large and infected requiring medical attention. We are presenting two interesting and rare cases of giant Bartholin cyst and their treatment in this case report. Two female patients of perimenopausal age presented with giant vulval cysts to the outpatient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. They reached a size of 10 cm and 20 cm diameter respectively, presenting with some diagnostic and later reconstruction of the labia majus. MRI pelvis provided good information regarding the size, shape and extent of the cyst, which was very useful during surgery. Both these cases were successfully treated by excision of the cyst and histopathological examination after complete excision. One of the cases presented as dumb-bell shaped swelling with large cyst superiorly and smaller cyst extending into the buttock connected by narrow neck and showed cross fluctuation. This type of dumb-bell shaped presentation of Bartholin's cyst is rather unusual and has not been reported in the available literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anji Reddy Kallam
- Director and Plastic Surgeon, Department of Plastic Surgery, ASRAM Medical College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Vandana Kanumury
- Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ASRAM Medical College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Naveena Bhimavarapu
- Postgraduate student, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ASRAM Medical College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavika Soorada
- Postgraduate student, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ASRAM Medical College, Eluru, Andhra Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Boujenah J, Le SNV, Benbara A, Bricou A, Murtada R, Carbillon L. Bartholin gland abscess during pregnancy: Report on 40 patients. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017; 212:65-68. [PMID: 28342391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) To study the clinical and bacterial characteristic of Bartholin gland abscesses during pregnancy and the obstetric and neonatal outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of all patients with surgical treatment of Bartholin gland abscesses between 2004 and 2015 in our university center. Clinical and bacterial characteristics between pregnant and non-pregnant women were compared. RESULTS During the period study, 156 patients were included (40 pregnant and 116 non pregnant). The incidence of Bartholin gland abscesses during pregnancy was 0.13%. Eight (20%) abscesses occurred in the first, 18 (45%) in the second, 11 (47.5%) in the third trimester and 3 (7.5%) in the post-partum course. No severe perineal and neonatal infections occurred during pregnancy. One late miscarriage and one preterm delivery were observed. We found more multiparity in the pregnant woman group than in non-pregnant women (62.5% versus 45%, p<0.05). A history of Bartholin gland abscesses were also more frequent in pregnant women (55% versus 30.1%, p<0.05). First line antibiotic therapy was more frequent in non-pregnant women (20% versus 45%, p<0.05). The rate of positive culture did not differ between the two groups (70% versus 55.2%). Among negative pus cultures, no patient in the pregnant woman group had received a first line antibiotic therapy, in contrast with non-pregnant women (0% versus 25%, p<0.05). E. coli was the most common pathogen in the two groups (48.9% of positive cultures and 28.2% of the overall population). The distribution of bacterial taxa was not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION Bacterial characteristics did not differ from non-pregnant women. Pregnancy could increase the occurrence of Bartholin gland abscesses in patients with previous surgical treatment of abscesses. When appropriate management is applied, maternal and neonatal outcomes are favorable, and severe infections are not to be expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Boujenah
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine Saint-Denis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Avenue du 14 Juillet, Bondy, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France.
| | - S N V Le
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine Saint-Denis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Avenue du 14 Juillet, Bondy, France
| | - A Benbara
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine Saint-Denis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Avenue du 14 Juillet, Bondy, France
| | - A Bricou
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine Saint-Denis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Avenue du 14 Juillet, Bondy, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - R Murtada
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine Saint-Denis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Avenue du 14 Juillet, Bondy, France
| | - L Carbillon
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Seine Saint-Denis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Avenue du 14 Juillet, Bondy, France; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UFR SMBH, Bobigny, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Krissi H, Shmuely A, Aviram A, From A, Edward R, Peled Y. Acute Bartholin’s abscess: microbial spectrum, patient characteristics, clinical manifestation, and surgical outcomes. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 35:443-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-015-2557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
16
|
Lee MY, Dalpiaz A, Schwamb R, Miao Y, Waltzer W, Khan A. Clinical Pathology of Bartholin's Glands: A Review of the Literature. Curr Urol 2015. [PMID: 26195958 DOI: 10.1159/000365683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bartholin's glands are located symmetrically at the posterior region of the vaginal opening and play an important role in the female reproductive system. These two pea-sized glands are involved in mucus secretion and vaginal lubrication. Cyst formation in the glands is common and results from mucus build-up in gland ducts. It is important to monitor such cysts because they may occur in the form of carcinomas. Larger cysts and abscesses are found in the lower vestibular region and typically present with erythema and edema. Biopsy is an effective method for distinguishing between Bartholin's gland cysts and differential diagnosis. While smaller cysts may be asymptomatic and may be left untreated, larger cysts require medical attention. Several treatment options are available, including marsupialization and CO2 laser. Healing and recovery depend on the severity of infection and course of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Y Lee
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY., USA
| | - Amanda Dalpiaz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY., USA
| | - Richard Schwamb
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY., USA
| | - Yimei Miao
- Department of Urology, SUNY School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY., USA
| | - Wayne Waltzer
- Department of Urology, SUNY School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY., USA
| | - Ali Khan
- Department of Urology, SUNY School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY., USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saeed NK, Al-Jufairi ZA. Bartholin's Gland Abscesses Caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a Primigravida. J Lab Physicians 2014; 5:130-2. [PMID: 24701109 PMCID: PMC3968625 DOI: 10.4103/0974-2727.119870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Bartholin gland cysts and abscesses are common problems in females during their reproductive time. Majority of Bartholin's gland abscesses described are of polymicrobial nature, but not necessarily involves opportunistic microbes that colonize the perineal region. In this report, we describe a case of Bartholin's abscess caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in a 25-year-old non-diabetic primigravida.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology Section, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Zainab A Al-Jufairi
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Bahrain
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kessous R, Aricha-Tamir B, Sheizaf B, Shteiner N, Moran-Gilad J, Weintraub AY. Clinical and Microbiological Characteristics of Bartholin Gland Abscesses. Obstet Gynecol 2013; 122:794-799. [DOI: 10.1097/aog.0b013e3182a5f0de] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
19
|
Dönmez ME, Özlü T, Yılmaz F, Ayaz E. Enterobius vermicularis: Can it be a possible pathogen in Bartholin gland abscess formation? J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2013; 40:268-70. [PMID: 24033679 DOI: 10.1111/jog.12137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The most frequent disorders of the Bartholin glands are cysts or abscesses. Bartholin gland abscesses occur generally as a result of polymicrobial infections or agents that cause sexually transmitted diseases. But as far as we know, no parasite has been previously reported among the infectious agents that are detected from the abscesses of the Bartholin gland. Here, we report a 45-year-old woman, in the Bartholin abscess aspirate of whom Enterobius vermicularis eggs were detected in between the inflammatory infiltrate by cytological examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melahat Emine Dönmez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Medical Faculty, Bolu, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pinsky BA, Baron EJ, Janda JM, Banaei N. Bartholin's abscess caused by hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Med Microbiol 2009; 58:671-673. [PMID: 19369531 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.006734-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae serogroups displaying the hypermucoviscosity phenotype are associated with a distinct clinical syndrome characterized by liver abscesses, bacteraemia and metastatic lesions. We describe here what we believe to be the first reported case of hypermucoviscous K. pneumoniae causing a superficial Bartholin's abscess in the absence of systemic involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Pinsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ellen J Baron
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - J Michael Janda
- Microbial Diseases Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, Richmond, CA 94804, USA
| | - Niaz Banaei
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Stanford Hospital and Clinics, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.,Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Increased US Emergency Department Visits for Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, and Changes in Antibiotic Choices, During the Emergence of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ann Emerg Med 2008; 51:291-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2007.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2007] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
22
|
Jacobus CH, Lindsell CJ, Leach SD, Fermann GJ, Kressel AB, Rue LE. Prevalence and demographics of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in culturable skin and soft tissue infections in an urban emergency department. BMC Emerg Med 2007; 7:19. [PMID: 17974027 PMCID: PMC2176063 DOI: 10.1186/1471-227x-7-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2007] [Accepted: 10/31/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rising incidence of methicillin resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) infections is a concern for emergency practitioners. While studies have examined MRSA in inpatients, few have focused on emergency department populations. We sought to describe predictors of MRSA skin infections in an emergency department population. METHODS This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted over three months in 2005. A convenience sample of patients with culturable skin infections presenting to a busy, urban emergency department was enrolled. Demographic and risk factor information was collected by structured interview. The predictive value of each risk factor for MRSA, as identified by culture, was tested using univariable logistic regression, and a multivariable predictive model was developed. RESULTS Patients were 43% black, 40% female and mean age was 39 years (SD 14 years). Of the 182 patients with cultures, prevalence of MRSA was 58% (95%CI 50% to 65%). Significant predictors of MRSA were youth, lower body mass index, sexual contact in the past month, presence of an abscess cavity, spontaneous infection, and incarceration. The multivariable model had a C-statistic of 0.73 (95%CI 0.67 to 0.79) with four significant variables: age, group living, abscess cavity, and sexual contact within one month. CONCLUSION In this population of emergency department patients, MRSA skin infection was related to youth, recent sexual contact, presence of abscess, low body mass index, spontaneity of infection, incarceration or contact with an inmate, and group home living.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian H Jacobus
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Brown CJ, Wong M, Davis CC, Kanti A, Zhou X, Forney LJ. Preliminary characterization of the normal microbiota of the human vulva using cultivation-independent methods. J Med Microbiol 2007; 56:271-276. [PMID: 17244812 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.46607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to perform a preliminary characterization of the microbial populations of the normal human vulva. Genomic DNA was isolated from samples of the labia majora and labia minora from four healthy women, and sequences of bacterial 16S rRNA genes in each were determined. The sequences were compared with those of known bacterial species to classify the numerically abundant populations in these communities. Even among this limited number of individuals, the microbiota of the human vulva was found to be quite diverse. Each woman had a distinctive microbiota and no single species was common to all women. The microbiota of the labia majora and labia minora differed, although both had appreciable numbers of lactobacilli and strict anaerobes. A greater diversity of populations inhabited the labia majora compared with the labia minora. The results indicated that the microbiota of the vulva includes populations known to be commensals of the microbiota of the skin, colon and vagina, and is much more complex than previously thought, suggesting that more extensive investigations are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celeste J Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-3051, USA
| | - Mayee Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-3051, USA
| | - Catherine C Davis
- Procter & Gamble Company, 6110 Center Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA
| | - Amita Kanti
- Procter & Gamble Company, 6110 Center Hill Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45224, USA
| | - Xia Zhou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-3051, USA
| | - Larry J Forney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-3051, USA
| |
Collapse
|