Recombinant Herpesvirus Vectors: Durable Immune Responses and Durable Protection against Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Acquisition

Horizontal transmission of endemic viruses among rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): Implications for human cytomegalovirus vaccine/challenge design

INTRODUCTION

Rhesus macaques are natural hosts to multiple viruses including rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV), rhesus rhadinovirus (RRV), and Simian Foamy Virus (SFV). While viral infections are ubiquitous, viral transmissions to uninfected animals are incompletely defined. Management procedures of macaque colonies include cohorts that are Specific Pathogen Free (SPF). Greater understanding of viral transmission would augment SPF protocols. Moreover, vaccine/challenge studies of human viruses would be enhanced by leveraging transmission of macaque viruses to recapitulate expected challenges of human vaccine trials.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study characterizes viral transmissions to uninfected animals following inadvertent introduction of RhCMV/RRV/SFV-infected adults to a cohort of uninfected juveniles. Following co-housing with virus-positive adults, juveniles were serially evaluated for viral infection.

RESULTS

Horizontal viral transmission was rapid and absolute, reaching 100% penetrance between 19 and 78 weeks.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides insights into viral natural histories with implications for colony management and modeling vaccine-mediated immune protection studies.