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Zhang S, Cao Y, Huang Y, Zhang X, Mou C, Qin T, Chen Z, Bao W. Abortive PDCoV infection triggers Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation, enhancing intestinal stem cell self-renewal and promoting chicken resistance. J Virol 2025; 99:e0013725. [PMID: 40135895 PMCID: PMC11998530 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00137-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2025] [Accepted: 02/28/2025] [Indexed: 03/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging coronavirus causing economic losses to swine industries worldwide. PDCoV can infect chickens under laboratory conditions, usually with no symptoms or mild symptoms, and may cause outbreaks in backyard poultry and wildfowl, posing a potential risk of significant economic loss to the commercial poultry industry. However, the reasons for such a subdued reaction after infection are not known. Here, using chicken intestinal organoid monolayers, we found that although PDCoV infects them nearly as well as porcine intestinal organoid monolayers, infection did not result in detectable amounts of progeny virus. In ex vivo and in vivo experiments using chickens, PDCoV infection failed to initiate interferon and inflammatory responses. Additionally, infection did not result in a disrupted intestinal barrier nor a reduced number of goblet cells and mucus secretion, as in pigs. In fact, the number of goblet cells increased as did the secreted mucus, thereby providing an enhanced protective barrier. Ex vivo PDCoV infection in chicken triggered activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway with the upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes (Wnt3a, Lrp5, β-catenin, and TCF4) and Wnt target genes (Lgr5, cyclin D1, and C-myc). This activation stimulates the self-renewal of intestinal stem cells (ISCs), accelerating ISC-mediated epithelial regeneration by significant up-regulation of PCNA (transiently amplifying cells), BMI1 (ISCs), and Lyz (Paneth cells). Our data demonstrate that abortive infection of PDCoV in chicken cells activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, which facilitates the self-renewal and proliferation of ISCs, contributing to chickens' resistance to PDCoV infection.IMPORTANCEThe intestinal epithelium is the main target of PDCoV infection and serves as a physical barrier against pathogens. Additionally, ISCs are charged with tissue repair after injury, and promoting rapid self-renewal of intestinal epithelium will help to re-establish the physical barrier and maintain intestinal health. We found that PDCoV infection in chicken intestinal organoid monolayers resulted in abortive infection and failed to produce infectious virions, disrupt the intestinal barrier, reduce the number of goblet cells and mucus secretion, and induce innate immunity, but rather increased goblet cell numbers and mucus secretion. Abortive PDCoV infection activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, enhancing ISC renewal and accelerating the renewal and replenishment of shed PDCoV-infected intestinal epithelial cells, thereby enhancing chicken resistance to PDCoV infection. This study provides novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the mild or asymptomatic response to PDCoV infection in chickens, which is critical for understanding the virus's potential risks to the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanjie Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiao Mou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tao Qin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Chen S, Qin Z, Zhou S, Xu Y, Zhu Y. The emerging role of intestinal stem cells in ulcerative colitis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2025; 12:1569328. [PMID: 40201327 PMCID: PMC11975877 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2025.1569328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2025] [Accepted: 03/14/2025] [Indexed: 04/10/2025] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disease affecting the colon and rectum. Characterized by recurrent attacks, UC is often resistant to traditional anti-inflammatory therapies, imposing significant physiological, psychological, and economic burdens on patients. In light of these challenges, innovative targeted therapies have become a new expectation for patients with UC. A crucial pathological feature of UC is the impairment of the intestinal mucosal barrier, which underlies aberrant immune responses and inflammation. Intestinal stem cells (ISCs), which differentiate into intestinal epithelial cells, play a central role in maintaining this barrier. Growing studies have proved that regulating the regeneration and differentiation of ISC is a promising approach to treating UC. Despite this progress, there is a dearth of comprehensive articles describing the role of ISCs in UC. This review focuses on the importance of ISCs in maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier in UC and discusses the latest findings on ISC functions, markers, and their regulatory mechanisms. Key pathways involved in ISC regulation, including the Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog (HH), Hippo/Yap, and autophagy pathways, are explored in detail. Additionally, this review examines recent advances in ISC-targeted therapies for UC, such as natural or synthetic compounds, microbial preparations, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) extracts and compounds, and transplantation therapy. This review aims to offer novel therapeutic insights and strategies for patients who have long struggled with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhang Qin
- The Fourth Hospital of Changsha (Changsha Hospital Affiliated with Hunan Normal University), Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Sainan Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Zhao R, Jiang C, Yuan Y, Zhang S, Ghonaim AH, Che C, Li X, Jin M, Jin E, Zeng X, Li S, Ren M. Isoleucine Enhanced the Function of the Small Intestinal Mucosal Barrier in Weaned Piglets to Alleviate Rotavirus Infection. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:3146. [PMID: 39518871 PMCID: PMC11545378 DOI: 10.3390/ani14213146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2024] [Revised: 10/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus (RV) is a major cause of diarrhea in young children and animals, especially piglets, leading to substantial economic losses in the global pig industry. Isoleucine (Ile), a branched-chain amino acid, plays an important role in regulating nutrient metabolism and has been shown to improve diarrhea. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Ile supplementation on the mucosal immune barrier of the small intestine in RV-infected weaned piglets. METHODS Forty-eight 21-day-old weaned piglets were randomly divided into three dietary treatments (each treatment was subdivided into two groups, eight replicates per group), with 0%, 0.5%, or 1% Ile added for 15 days, and then, one group from each treatment was challenged with RV. RESULTS The results showed that 1% Ile added to the diet promoted the healthy development of the intestinal mucosa. Ile could restore the reduced villus height in the ileum and the goblet cell number in the duodenum and ileum to normal levels, improving the intestinal epithelial tight junctions in RV-infected piglets. Additionally, Ile increased the activity of lipase, amylase, and sucrase, as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), along with the expression of SIgA, DEFβ1, and DEFβ2 in parts of the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS The addition of Ile to the diet mitigated the effects of RV infection on intestinal morphology and mucosal barrier function, as well as the physiological functions of weaned piglets, and improved the antioxidant and immune functions of the piglets to some extent. These findings offer valuable insights, contributing to a deeper understanding of the role of Ile in supporting intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongkun Zhao
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (R.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (X.L.); (M.J.); (E.J.)
| | - Changsheng Jiang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (R.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (X.L.); (M.J.); (E.J.)
| | - Yuchen Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (R.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (X.L.); (M.J.); (E.J.)
| | - Shen Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (R.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (X.L.); (M.J.); (E.J.)
| | - Ahmed H. Ghonaim
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
- Desert Research Center, Cairo 11435, Egypt
| | - Chuanyan Che
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (R.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (X.L.); (M.J.); (E.J.)
| | - Xiaojin Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (R.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (X.L.); (M.J.); (E.J.)
| | - Mengmeng Jin
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (R.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (X.L.); (M.J.); (E.J.)
| | - Erhui Jin
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (R.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (X.L.); (M.J.); (E.J.)
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Shenghe Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (R.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (X.L.); (M.J.); (E.J.)
| | - Man Ren
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and Health, College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China; (R.Z.); (C.J.); (Y.Y.); (S.Z.); (C.C.); (X.L.); (M.J.); (E.J.)
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Yan J, Monlong J, Cougoule C, Lacroix-Lamandé S, Wiedemann A. Mapping the scientific output of organoids for animal and human modeling infectious diseases: a bibliometric assessment. Vet Res 2024; 55:81. [PMID: 38926765 PMCID: PMC11210181 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-024-01333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalation of antibiotic resistance, pandemics, and nosocomial infections underscores the importance of research in both animal and human infectious diseases. Recent advancements in three-dimensional tissue cultures, or "organoids", have revolutionized the development of in vitro models for infectious diseases. Our study conducts a bibliometric analysis on the use of organoids in modeling infectious diseases, offering an in-depth overview of this field's current landscape. We examined scientific contributions from 2009 onward that focused on organoids in host‒pathogen interactions using the Web of Science Core Collection and OpenAlex database. Our analysis included temporal trends, reference aging, author, and institutional productivity, collaborative networks, citation metrics, keyword cluster dynamics, and disruptiveness of organoid models. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and Python facilitated this analytical assessment. The findings reveal significant growth and advancements in organoid-based infectious disease research. Analysis of keywords and impactful publications identified three distinct developmental phases in this area that were significantly influenced by outbreaks of Zika and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. The research also highlights the synergistic efforts between academia and publishers in tackling global pandemic challenges. Through mostly consolidating research efforts, organoids are proving to be a promising tool in infectious disease research for both human and animal infectious disease. Their integration into the field necessitates methodological refinements for better physiological emulation and the establishment of extensive organoid biobanks. These improvements are crucial for fully harnessing the potential of organoids in understanding infectious diseases and advancing the development of targeted treatments and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China.
- IRSD - Digestive Health Research Institute, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
| | - Jean Monlong
- IRSD - Digestive Health Research Institute, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Cougoule
- Institut de Pharmacologie Et Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Agnès Wiedemann
- IRSD - Digestive Health Research Institute, University of Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France.
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Feng Y, Zhou C, Zhao F, Ma T, Xiao Y, Peng K, Xia R. ZEB2 alleviates Hirschsprung's-associated enterocolitis by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of enteric neural precursor cells via the Notch-1/Jagged-2 pathway. Gene 2024; 912:148365. [PMID: 38485033 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hirschsprung's-associated enterocolitis (HAEC) is a prevalent complication of Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR). Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2) and Notch-1/Jagged-2 are dysregulated in HSCR, but their role in HAEC progression remains poorly understood. We aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanism of enteric neural precursor cells (ENPCs) and the ZEB2/Notch-1/Jagged-2 pathway in HAEC development. METHODS Colon tissues were collected from HSCR and HAEC patients. ENPCs were isolated from the HAEC group and stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The expressions of ZEB2/Notch-1/Jagged-2 were measured using RT-qPCR and Western blot. Immunofluorescence and cell counting kit-8 assays were performed to assess the differentiation and proliferation of ENPCs. Inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA kits. Co-immunoprecipitation and bioinformatic analysis were used to explore the interaction between ZEB2 and Notch-1. Small interfering RNA and overexpression vectors were used to investigate the role and mechanism of ZEB2 and Notch-1 in regulating ENPCs' proliferation and differentiation during HAEC progression. RESULTS We observed increased LPS in the colon tissues of HAEC, with downregulated ZEB2 expression and upregulated Notch-1/Jagged-2 expression. ZEB2 interacts with Notch-1. LPS treatment downregulated ZEB2 expression, upregulated Notch-1/Jagged-2 expression, and induced proliferation and differentiation disorders in ENPCs, which were reversed by the knockdown of Notch-1. Furthermore, overexpression of ZEB2 inhibited Notch-1/Jagged-2 signaling and ameliorated inflammation and dysfunction in LPS-induced ENPCs. Notch-1 overexpression enhanced LPS-induced dysfunction, but this effect was antagonized by the overexpression of ZEB2. CONCLUSION Overexpression of ZEB2 ameliorates LPS-induced ENPCs' dysfunction via the Notch-1/Jagged-2 pathway, thus playing a role in HAEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Feng
- Department of Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Chonggao Zhou
- Department of Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Fan Zhao
- Department of Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Tidong Ma
- Department of Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Department of Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Kun Peng
- Department of Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China
| | - Renpeng Xia
- Department of Fetal and Neonatal Surgery, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha 410007, China.
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